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25 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Reservoir of infection
A continual source of infection; may be human, animal, or nonliving
Zoonoses
Diseases that occur primarily in wild and domestic animals and can be transmitted to humans
Contact transmission
spread of agent by direct contact, indirect contact, or droplet transmission
Vehicle transmission
transmission of disease agents by medium (water, food, air, blood, body fluids)
Vectors
Animals that carry pathogens from one host to another (Arthropods)
Direct Contact Transmission
Requires close association between infected and susceptible host
Indirect Contact Transmission
Spread by fomites- nonliving object involved in infection spread
Droplet Contact Transmission
Transmission via airborne droplets, coughing, sneezing, laughing, talking- short distances-1 meter- not airborne
Mechanical transmission
Arthropod carries pathogen on feet & body- houseflies-typhoid fever from feces
Biological transmission
Pathogen reproduces in vector- in gut of vector or salivary gland
Arthropods
specially fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes
nosocomial infection
does not show any evidence of being present or incubating at the time of admission to a hospital
compromised host
One whose resistance to infection is impaired by disease, therapy, or burns.
Emerging Infectious Diseases
Ones that are new or changing, showing an increase in incidence in the recent past, or a potential to increase in the near future.
Epidemiology
Science that studies geographical distribution of the disease
Descriptive Epidemiology
collecting all data the describe the occurrence of the disease
Analytical Epidemiology
analyzes a particular disease to determine its probable cause
Experimental Epidemiology
Involves conduction experiments to test a certain hypothesis about a disease
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Collects and analyzes epidemiological information in the United States
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
Published by CDC w/ info on morbidity and mortality organized by state.
Morbidity
The incidence of specific notifiable diseases
Mortality
The number of deaths from these diseases
Notifiable infectious diseases
Physicians are required by law to report occurrence of specified diseases
Morbidity rate
Number of people affected in relation to the total population in a given time period
Mortality rate
Number of deaths from a disease in relation to the population in a given time