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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Reservoir of infection
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A continual source of infection; may be human, animal, or nonliving
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Zoonoses
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Diseases that occur primarily in wild and domestic animals and can be transmitted to humans
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Contact transmission
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spread of agent by direct contact, indirect contact, or droplet transmission
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Vehicle transmission
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transmission of disease agents by medium (water, food, air, blood, body fluids)
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Vectors
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Animals that carry pathogens from one host to another (Arthropods)
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Direct Contact Transmission
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Requires close association between infected and susceptible host
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Indirect Contact Transmission
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Spread by fomites- nonliving object involved in infection spread
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Droplet Contact Transmission
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Transmission via airborne droplets, coughing, sneezing, laughing, talking- short distances-1 meter- not airborne
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Mechanical transmission
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Arthropod carries pathogen on feet & body- houseflies-typhoid fever from feces
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Biological transmission
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Pathogen reproduces in vector- in gut of vector or salivary gland
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Arthropods
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specially fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes
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nosocomial infection
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does not show any evidence of being present or incubating at the time of admission to a hospital
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compromised host
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One whose resistance to infection is impaired by disease, therapy, or burns.
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Emerging Infectious Diseases
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Ones that are new or changing, showing an increase in incidence in the recent past, or a potential to increase in the near future.
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Epidemiology
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Science that studies geographical distribution of the disease
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Descriptive Epidemiology
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collecting all data the describe the occurrence of the disease
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Analytical Epidemiology
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analyzes a particular disease to determine its probable cause
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Experimental Epidemiology
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Involves conduction experiments to test a certain hypothesis about a disease
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Collects and analyzes epidemiological information in the United States
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Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
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Published by CDC w/ info on morbidity and mortality organized by state.
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Morbidity
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The incidence of specific notifiable diseases
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Mortality
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The number of deaths from these diseases
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Notifiable infectious diseases
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Physicians are required by law to report occurrence of specified diseases
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Morbidity rate
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Number of people affected in relation to the total population in a given time period
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Mortality rate
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Number of deaths from a disease in relation to the population in a given time
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