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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Is influenza highly communicable?
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Yes.
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What is influenza?
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An Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI).
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How is influenza transmitted?
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By airborne respiratory droplets
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How many influenza pandemics have there been since 1510?
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31
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The influenza virion belongs to what family?
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Orthomyxoviridae
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How many types of spike does influenza contain?
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2
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What are the two types of spikes of influenza?
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Hemagglutin (H) and Neuraminidase (N)
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What does Hemagglutin(H) do?
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Helps the virion attach and penetrate host cells
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What does Neuraminidase(N) do?
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Helps release virions from the host cell after replication and assembly
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How often does influenza A strike?
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Every year
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Which influenza causes most epidemics?
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Influenza A
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How often does influenza B strikes?
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Every year but less common than influenza A
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What does influenza C cause?
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Mild respiratory illness but not epidemics
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How often does a flu strain evolve?
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Every year
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Due to the evolution of the flu strain, what does an individual require each year?
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A new vaccine
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Complications such as pneumonia or secondary inftections occur in who?
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Infants, elderly, immunocompromised people
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What is the syndrome called when the body damages its own peripheral nerve cells?
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Guillain-Barre syndrome
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What syndrome occurs in children who take aaspirin to treat pain and fever?
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Reye syndrome
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What does Rhinovirus produce and where?
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Produces inflammation in the Upper Respiratory Tract (URT)
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What family do Rhinoviruses belong to?
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The Picornaviridae
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How are Rhinoviruses transmitted?
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By airborne respiratory droplets or contact with contaminated objects.
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Rhinoviruses are responsible for many cases of what?
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The common cold
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How many different rhinovirus strains are?
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More than 100
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What does Adenovirus infections produce?
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Symptoms typical of a common cold
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What family do Adenoviruses belong to?
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Adenoviridae
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What do Adenoviruses do?
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Induce the formation of inclusion bodies in host tissues
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How are Adenoviruses transmitted?
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Through respiratory droplets
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What can an Adenovirus infection cause?
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-Acute febrile pharyngitis
-Pharyngoconjunctival fever - Acute respiratory disease |
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Adenovirus infection can progress to what?
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Viral pneumonia
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Paramyxovirus infections affect which part of the respiratory tract?
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The Lower Respiratory Tract (LRT)
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Respiratory syncytial (RS) disease is caused by what virus?
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The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
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Who are commonly affected by the RSV?
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Children under 1 yrs of age
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What does it infect?
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The bronchials and alveoli of the lungs causing the cells to fuse together into syncytia
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What causes parainfluenza infections?
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Usually caused by human parainfluenza virus 1 and 3. Infections are milder than influenza
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What are Human metaphneumovirus (hMPV)?
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They are RSV-like viruses
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How does Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS) spread?
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Through person-to-person contact
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SARS belong to what family?
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Coronaviridae
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How is SARS spread from person to person?
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By contact with an infected person or an object which they have coughed and sneezed on
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What may be the natural hosts of the virus?
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Bats
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What are the symptoms of SARS infection?
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A moderate upper respiratory illness may develop into severe respiratory illness and pneumonia.
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What must SARS patients do?
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They should be isolated for at least 10 days after fever has broken to prevent spread.
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What infections are widespread and often recurrent?
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Human Herpes simplex
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Cold sores are contagious sores caused by what virus?
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HSV-1 (Herpes Simplex Virus)
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After primary infection, the virus become latent where?
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In the sensory ganglia
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Why do cold sores reccur?
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When virus are reactivate and move to the epithelium
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What is a common STD that is caused by HSV-2?
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Genital herpes
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What symptoms result from genital herpes?
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Itching and throbbing in the genital area, followed by blisters
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Are there any cure for genital herpes?
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No
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How is genital herpes treated?
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With antiviral which can shorten and decrease the number of outbreaks
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What is an eye infection caused by herpes called?
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Herpes keratitis
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What are the effects of herpes keratitis?
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It can cause scarring of the cornea and blindness
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What is neonatal herpes?
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A life-threatening passed from infected mother to newborns during childbirth.
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How does neonatal herpes affect the newborn?
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The child's mental development can be delayed. Blindness and seizures can occur
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Is chickenpox still a prevalent disease in the U.S.?
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No
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What does the chickenpox vaccine use?
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Attenuated viruses
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When was the chickenpox vaccine made available?
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In 1995
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Is chickenpox a highly communicable disease?
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Yes
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What virus causes chickenpox?
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Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
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How is chickenpox transmitted?
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By skin contact and respiratory droplets
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What happens when an individual gets a chickenpox infection?
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A red, itchy rash spreads across the entire body and turns into fluid-filled vessicles
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What happens when the itchy vessicles break open?
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They yield highly infectious virus-laden fluid.
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What is the most common complication of chickenpox?
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Bacterial infection of the skin
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What can also occur with chickenpox?
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Pneumonia, encephalitis, or Reye syndrome
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What is shingles?
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An adult disease caused by the same virus as chickenpox.
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After infection, VZV can remain in nerve cells for how long?
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Many years
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What happens when VZV are reactivated?
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They can travel to the body trunk and cause blisters and patches of red.
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What else can reactivate VZV cause?
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facial paralysis and sever "ice0-pick" pains
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Can shingles occur repeatedly?
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Yes
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What is postherpetic neuralgia?
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It is the persistence of shingles pain for years after the bilisters have disappered
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When does Herpesvirus 6 infection occur?
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Primarily in infancy
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What does Herpesvirus 6 cause?
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Roseola infantium marked by high fever and subsequent red pain
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