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71 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Is influenza highly communicable?
Yes.
What is influenza?
An Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI).
How is influenza transmitted?
By airborne respiratory droplets
How many influenza pandemics have there been since 1510?
31
The influenza virion belongs to what family?
Orthomyxoviridae
How many types of spike does influenza contain?
2
What are the two types of spikes of influenza?
Hemagglutin (H) and Neuraminidase (N)
What does Hemagglutin(H) do?
Helps the virion attach and penetrate host cells
What does Neuraminidase(N) do?
Helps release virions from the host cell after replication and assembly
How often does influenza A strike?
Every year
Which influenza causes most epidemics?
Influenza A
How often does influenza B strikes?
Every year but less common than influenza A
What does influenza C cause?
Mild respiratory illness but not epidemics
How often does a flu strain evolve?
Every year
Due to the evolution of the flu strain, what does an individual require each year?
A new vaccine
Complications such as pneumonia or secondary inftections occur in who?
Infants, elderly, immunocompromised people
What is the syndrome called when the body damages its own peripheral nerve cells?
Guillain-Barre syndrome
What syndrome occurs in children who take aaspirin to treat pain and fever?
Reye syndrome
What does Rhinovirus produce and where?
Produces inflammation in the Upper Respiratory Tract (URT)
What family do Rhinoviruses belong to?
The Picornaviridae
How are Rhinoviruses transmitted?
By airborne respiratory droplets or contact with contaminated objects.
Rhinoviruses are responsible for many cases of what?
The common cold
How many different rhinovirus strains are?
More than 100
What does Adenovirus infections produce?
Symptoms typical of a common cold
What family do Adenoviruses belong to?
Adenoviridae
What do Adenoviruses do?
Induce the formation of inclusion bodies in host tissues
How are Adenoviruses transmitted?
Through respiratory droplets
What can an Adenovirus infection cause?
-Acute febrile pharyngitis
-Pharyngoconjunctival fever
- Acute respiratory disease
Adenovirus infection can progress to what?
Viral pneumonia
Paramyxovirus infections affect which part of the respiratory tract?
The Lower Respiratory Tract (LRT)
Respiratory syncytial (RS) disease is caused by what virus?
The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Who are commonly affected by the RSV?
Children under 1 yrs of age
What does it infect?
The bronchials and alveoli of the lungs causing the cells to fuse together into syncytia
What causes parainfluenza infections?
Usually caused by human parainfluenza virus 1 and 3. Infections are milder than influenza
What are Human metaphneumovirus (hMPV)?
They are RSV-like viruses
How does Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS) spread?
Through person-to-person contact
SARS belong to what family?
Coronaviridae
How is SARS spread from person to person?
By contact with an infected person or an object which they have coughed and sneezed on
What may be the natural hosts of the virus?
Bats
What are the symptoms of SARS infection?
A moderate upper respiratory illness may develop into severe respiratory illness and pneumonia.
What must SARS patients do?
They should be isolated for at least 10 days after fever has broken to prevent spread.
What infections are widespread and often recurrent?
Human Herpes simplex
Cold sores are contagious sores caused by what virus?
HSV-1 (Herpes Simplex Virus)
After primary infection, the virus become latent where?
In the sensory ganglia
Why do cold sores reccur?
When virus are reactivate and move to the epithelium
What is a common STD that is caused by HSV-2?
Genital herpes
What symptoms result from genital herpes?
Itching and throbbing in the genital area, followed by blisters
Are there any cure for genital herpes?
No
How is genital herpes treated?
With antiviral which can shorten and decrease the number of outbreaks
What is an eye infection caused by herpes called?
Herpes keratitis
What are the effects of herpes keratitis?
It can cause scarring of the cornea and blindness
What is neonatal herpes?
A life-threatening passed from infected mother to newborns during childbirth.
How does neonatal herpes affect the newborn?
The child's mental development can be delayed. Blindness and seizures can occur
Is chickenpox still a prevalent disease in the U.S.?
No
What does the chickenpox vaccine use?
Attenuated viruses
When was the chickenpox vaccine made available?
In 1995
Is chickenpox a highly communicable disease?
Yes
What virus causes chickenpox?
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
How is chickenpox transmitted?
By skin contact and respiratory droplets
What happens when an individual gets a chickenpox infection?
A red, itchy rash spreads across the entire body and turns into fluid-filled vessicles
What happens when the itchy vessicles break open?
They yield highly infectious virus-laden fluid.
What is the most common complication of chickenpox?
Bacterial infection of the skin
What can also occur with chickenpox?
Pneumonia, encephalitis, or Reye syndrome
What is shingles?
An adult disease caused by the same virus as chickenpox.
After infection, VZV can remain in nerve cells for how long?
Many years
What happens when VZV are reactivated?
They can travel to the body trunk and cause blisters and patches of red.
What else can reactivate VZV cause?
facial paralysis and sever "ice0-pick" pains
Can shingles occur repeatedly?
Yes
What is postherpetic neuralgia?
It is the persistence of shingles pain for years after the bilisters have disappered
When does Herpesvirus 6 infection occur?
Primarily in infancy
What does Herpesvirus 6 cause?
Roseola infantium marked by high fever and subsequent red pain