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20 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
4 diseases transmitted through placenta
HIV, syphilis, rubella, CMB
what % of colonized people is required to consider a bacterium "normal flora"?
95%
ingression:
spread from contiguous tissue
penetration:
spread from superficial tissue to deeper tissue
what is required of a bacterium for it to inhabit the upper resp tract?
ability to stick to epithelial surfaces
what are 3 types of infection that are caused by bacteria that exist on the surface of mucosal barriers?
cholera, whooping cough, bladder infections
what are 2 ways bacteria can survive the stomach?
ingested with food or be acid-fast
how do reduviid bugs cause Chagas disease?
the parasite exists in the bug feces and it defecates when eating; a person then scratches the insect bite and allows parasite access
what viruses use insects as an entry agent?
viral encephalitis, yellow fever
what bacteria use insects as an entry agent?
plaque, typhus
what protozoa use insects as an entry agent?
malaria, sleeping sickness
what worms use insects as an entry agent?
river blindness, elephantitis
what parasites use insects as an entry agent?
Chagus disease
what are 2 constitutive defenses?
complement activation and phagocytosis
what are 2 inducible defenses?
humoral and cell immunity
types of microbial defense strategies to avoid defense mechanisms of body
extracellular capsules, genetic modification of surface antigens and support/provide nutrients for host
3 mechanisms of cell death
cytolytic toxins, induced phagocytosis by activated WBC, induced apoptosis
Ab-antigen complex activates which pathway of complement?
classical
microorganism itself activates which pathway of complement?
alternative
which immune response is associated with chronic infection?
cellular immunity