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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
4 diseases transmitted through placenta
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HIV, syphilis, rubella, CMB
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what % of colonized people is required to consider a bacterium "normal flora"?
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95%
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ingression:
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spread from contiguous tissue
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penetration:
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spread from superficial tissue to deeper tissue
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what is required of a bacterium for it to inhabit the upper resp tract?
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ability to stick to epithelial surfaces
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what are 3 types of infection that are caused by bacteria that exist on the surface of mucosal barriers?
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cholera, whooping cough, bladder infections
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what are 2 ways bacteria can survive the stomach?
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ingested with food or be acid-fast
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how do reduviid bugs cause Chagas disease?
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the parasite exists in the bug feces and it defecates when eating; a person then scratches the insect bite and allows parasite access
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what viruses use insects as an entry agent?
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viral encephalitis, yellow fever
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what bacteria use insects as an entry agent?
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plaque, typhus
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what protozoa use insects as an entry agent?
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malaria, sleeping sickness
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what worms use insects as an entry agent?
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river blindness, elephantitis
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what parasites use insects as an entry agent?
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Chagus disease
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what are 2 constitutive defenses?
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complement activation and phagocytosis
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what are 2 inducible defenses?
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humoral and cell immunity
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types of microbial defense strategies to avoid defense mechanisms of body
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extracellular capsules, genetic modification of surface antigens and support/provide nutrients for host
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3 mechanisms of cell death
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cytolytic toxins, induced phagocytosis by activated WBC, induced apoptosis
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Ab-antigen complex activates which pathway of complement?
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classical
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microorganism itself activates which pathway of complement?
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alternative
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which immune response is associated with chronic infection?
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cellular immunity
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