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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Microbiology |
-The study of Microorganisms, or Microbes. |
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Microorganisms |
-Organisms that are microscopic, or require magnification to be adequately observed or studied. |
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Microorganisms are Ubiquitous |
-Everywhere and being, or seeming to be, everywhere at the same time. |
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Major groups of microorganisms |
-Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Protozoa, Algae, and Helminths (Parasitic Worms). |
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Prokaryote |
-Microscopic, unicellular organism, lack nuclei, and membrane bound organelles. |
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Eukaryote |
-Unicellular and multicellular, nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
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Bacteria |
-Prokaryotic -Diverse Metabolism -Most Numerous on the Planet |
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Archaea |
-Exist in Extreme Environments -Prokaryotic -Genetically similar to Eukaryotes |
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Viruses |
-Eukaryotic -Single-Celled -Infects Genes - DNA & RNA -Needs a host to be active -Non-living -Destroy T-Cells |
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Fungi |
-Eukaryotic -Can be either Multicellular or Unicellular -May or may not have more than 1 nucleus |
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Protozoa |
-Eukaryotic -Unicellular -Move by using Cilla or Flagella -Found in Soil/Water |
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Algae |
-Eukaryotes -Photosynthesize -Unicellular |
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Helminths |
-Eukaryotes -Kingdom of "Animalia" -> Embryonic Developement -We ingest eggs or cysts and then the worm forms |
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Micron |
- 1 micrometer - 1/ 1 millionth meter = 1/1,000,000 meters - 1/1000 millimeter |
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Nanometer |
- 1000x smaller than a micron - 1/1 billionth meter = 1/1,000,000,000 meters - Size range of Viruses, Proteins, and DNA |
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Selman Wakesman |
- Isolated 22 new compounds made bysoil microbes including streptomycin,the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis. - Taught at Rutgers for 40 years
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Robert Hooke |
- Reported that living things are composed of little boxes of cells - Invented the first microscope - Labeled the first cell |
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Rudolf Virchow |
- Cells come from pre-existing cells - All cells have a mommy and daddy (AKA Parents) |
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Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek |
- Described live microorganisms that he observed in teeth scrapings, etc. - First to see Dust-mites, sperm, etc. |
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Francisco Redi |
- Filled 6 jars with decaying meat: maggots came about for the ones with the cheese cloth and Maggots came to the open jar |
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Louis Pasteur |
- Demonstrated that Microorganisms are present in air - Disproved Spontaneous generation of microbes - S-Shaped flask kept microbes out but let air in - Developed First Rabies Vaccine - Discovered Pasteurization, for which he is named for, which is heating liquids to kill microbes. |
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Joseph Lister |
- Founder of Antiseptic Medicine - Made people wash hands in it before surgery |
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Robert Koch |
- Proved that a particular disease was caused by a particular microbe - Disease Theory for Medicine - First to prove germ theory of disease for particular illness - He discovered Anthrax and TB |
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Edward Jenner |
- Inoculated a person with cowpox, the person was then protected from cowpox - Basically made the first Vaccination |
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Vaccination |
- Derived from vacca for cow - This protection is called an immunity |
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Chemotherapy |
- Treatment with Chemicals - Chemotherapeuticagents used to treat infectious disease can be synthetic drugs or antibiotics - Antibioticsare chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that inhibit or kill othermicrobes. |
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Quinine |
- A chemical derived from a specific tree bark that has been used to treat malaria |
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Paul Eldrich |
- Developed a synthetic arsenic drug used to treat syphilis |
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Alexander Fleming |
- Discovered the first Antibiotic - Observed that the Penicilliumfungus made an antibiotic, penicillin, that killed S. aureus. - |
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Immunology |
- The study of immunity. Vaccines and interferonsare being investigated to prevent and cure viral diseases |
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Rebecca Lancefield |
- Proposed the use of immunology to identify some bacteriaaccording to type |
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Elie Metchnikoff |
- Discovered the role of white blood cells in fighting infection, first in starfish. |
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Recombinant DNA |
- DNAmade from twodifferent sources. In the 1960s, Paul Berginserted animal DNA into bacterial DNA and the bacteriaproduced an animal protein. |
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Genetic Engineering |
- Involves microbial genetics and molecularbiology. (Recombinant DNA Technology) |
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Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty |
- Showed that DNA was the "stuff of genes" using microbes |
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JimWatson and Francis Crick |
- "Puzzled out" the structure of DNA |
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Nathans, Smith, Arber |
- Developedways to cut and snip DNA with “stickyends” forgenetic engineering: the engineer’sscizzors! |
