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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 6 major groups of microorganisms? |
* Bacteria * Viruses * Fungi * Algae * Helminths |
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How long have bacterial-like cells been on the Earth? |
3.5 billion years |
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What are some important differences between Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic organisms? |
* Pro: no nucleus; E: nucleus * Pro: no organelles; E: membrane bound organelles * Pro: smaller than Eukaryotes * Pro: began 3.8 billion years ago; E: 1.5 billion years ago * Pro: Cell walls + cell membrane; E: no cell walls |
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Explain the uniqueness of Mitochondria & Chloroplasts. (5) |
* Both have their own circular DNA (like prokaryotic DNA) * Make their own ribosomes (to make proteins) * Divide by binary fission * Cannot live on their own outside the cell because part of their DNA has gone to the nucleus * originally thought to be phagocytosed by cells but not eaten |
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What is the Three Domain Theory? |
There used to be Domain Eukarya (Kingdoms: Plantae, Animalia, Protista & Fungi) & Domain Monera (Archaea & Bacteria)
Bacteria has become so prolific that they have split Domain Monera to Domain Archaea & Domain Bacteria. |
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Describe Viruses. (5) |
* Microscopic microbe * Most common one on Earth * Cause infections & disease * NOT cells * Small particles that exist at a level of complexity between large molecules & cells |
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Describe Microbes. |
* Necessary for life to exist * Perform photosynthesis * Microbes in water make up 50% of our oxygen * Most are harmless * Free living * Perform decomposition and nutrient recycling * Exception: Parasites |
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Describe Parasites. |
* Live in or on a host * Gets most if not all of its nutrition from the host, which causes damage * Damage can cause infection & disease * A pathogen |
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Facts about Pathogens. |
* Currently 2K classified pathogens * 10 billion infections on the Earth * 13 million die from infectious diseases each year * Examples: TB, Malaria, Hepatitis (A, B & C), Rotavirus, Shigellosis, Dengue Fever, HIV/AIDS, Measles, Typhoid, Influenza |
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What are emerging diseases? |
Newly identified conditions that are being reported in increasing numbers. Since 1969, scientists have identified 26 new infectious agents. |
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What is a Pandemic? |
Means that it has spread worldwide. Example: HIV |
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What is a Zoonoses? |
An infectious disease that is transmitted from animals to humans. Example: West Nile Virus; Lyme Disease |
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What are Reemerging Diseases? |
Older, well known diseases that we thought we had eradicated, that have started to come back. Example: TB (8M new infections a year, kills 1-2M annually); Malaria; Cholera; Hepatitis B. |
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What names do we use when classifying microorganisms? |
We use their Genus and their Species to name them. Example: Escherichia coli which is E. coli. |
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Who is considered to be the Father of Bacteriology & Protozoology? |
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |
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What is Abiogenesis? |
The belief in spontaneous generation. Example: rotting meat "produces" maggots. |
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What is Biogenesis? |
Living things arise only from others of their same kind. |
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Who was one of the first to test the theory of Spontaneous Generation? |
Francesco Redi of Italy |
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Who did mutton gravy experiments to try to prove Abiogenesis? |
John Needham |
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Who is considered to be the Father of Immunology? |
Edward Jenner |
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Who was the first scientist to clearly link a microscopic organism with a disease? |
Robert Koch |
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Who was the first scientist to introduce Aseptic Techniques? |
Joseph Lister |
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Who are the two founders of Microbiology? |
Robert Koch & Louis Pasteur |
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Who laid down the rules for taxonomic (taxa) categories? |
Carl von Linne. |
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What is the order of Taxa from top to bottom? (8) |
* Domain * Kingdom * Phylum (or division) * Class * Order * Family * Genus * Species |
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What is Phylogeny? |
The natural relatedness between groups of living things. |
