Microbiology Ch 1

Front 1

Robert Hooke

Back 1

Built the first compound microscope - a magnifying instrument containing two or more lenses that multiply magnification in series.
Published Microphagia - the first publication that illustrated objects observed under a microscope. Had magnification of 30X.

Front 2

Antoine van Leeuwenhoek

Back 2

first individual to observe singe celled microbes. He grounded lenses which made it stronger than Hookes.

Front 3

Louis Pasteur

Back 3

Founder of medical microbiology and immunology. He disproved the theory of spontaneous generation. He discovered the microbial basis of fermentation. Showed that providing oxygen does not enable spontaneous generation. Pasteurization - prevent food spoilage by heating below boiling temp.

Front 4

Lazzaro Spallanzani

Back 4

Showed that microbes arise from preexisting microbes and demonstrated that heat sterilization can prevent microbial growth.

Front 5

John Tyndall

Back 5

Repeated cycles of heat could eliminate spores formed by certain bacteria.

Front 6

Ignaz Semmelweis and Joseph Lister

Back 6

Before the work of Kock and Pasteur. Used antiseptics to prevent transmission of pathogens from doctor to patient.

Front 7

Martinus Beijernick

Back 7

Discovered viruses as filterable infective particles.

Front 8

Thomas Cech

Back 8

Discovered catalytic RNA (ribozyme)
He and his coworkers established that an RNA molecule can splice itself in the absence of protein and can have highly specific catalytic activity.

Front 9

Angelina and Walter Hesse

Back 9

Use of agar to make solid plate media for bacterial growth.

Front 10

Robert Kock

Back 10

Founder of the scientific method of microbiology.Technique of pure culture to study single species of microbe. A key technique was culture on solid medium using agar.

Front 11

Kochs Postulate

Back 11

Provide a set of criteria to establish a causative link between an infectious agent and a disease.

1. Microbe is found in all cases of disease but is absent in healthy individuals.
2. Microbe is isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture.
3. When microbe is introduced into a healthy host, the same disease occurs.
4. The same strain is obtained from new host and when cultured shows the same characteristics as before.

Front 12

Edward Jenner

Back 12

established the practice of vaccination, inoculation of cowpox to prevent smallpox. Based on earlier observation by Lady Mary Montague and others that a mild case of smallpox could prevent future cases.

Front 13

Louis Pasteur

Back 13

developed the first vaccines based on attenuated strains, such as the rabies vaccine.

Front 14

Alexander Flemming

Back 14

Discovered penicillin. He discovered that the Penicillum mold generated a substance that kills bacteria.