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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Do prosthetic valves require a longer course of antibiotics?
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yes
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Treatment of viridans streptococci
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Penicillin g with or w/o aminoglycoside
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Viridans spretococci are normal inhabitant of?
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The oral cavity:
Enter the bloodstream following any procedure that causes submucosal damage |
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Multiple blood cultures are necessary to demonstrate?
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continuous bacteremia
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What type of bacteria are Viridans streptococci?
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Gram positive alpha hemolytic that occurs in chains
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What does alpha hemolytic mean?
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Colonies on blood agar medium are surrounded by a partial zone indicating incomplete lysis of rbc's and a greenish discolorization.
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What is viridans streptoccus resistant to?
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Optochin
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Infection of the endocardial surface of the heart that usually occurs as a result of transient bacteremia in the setting of a preexistant valve abnormality
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Infective endocarditis
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Usually caused by those with S. aureus in IVDU pts. Pathology includes large vegetations and occasional abscesses
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Acute bacterial endocarditis
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Fulminant course of bacterial endocarditis suggests
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an acute downhill course
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Variants of subacute endocarditis
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Native valve:
S. viridans Sequlae of dental procedures Prosthetic valve: Staph. epidermidis |
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In pts with prosthetic heart valves, what organism predominates?
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Staphylococcus:
usually do to contamination of surgical site, appears a few months after surgery. |
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What organism predominates in SBE?
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streptococcus
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Coagulase negative staph is more often seen in? coag positive?
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SBE: S. epidermis
Acute: S. aureus w/ IVDU |
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Native valve endocarditis usually occurs in instances when ?
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turbulence to the endothelial surface of the heart leads to minor trauma. This causes deposition of fibrin and paltelets. transient bacteremia then leads to seeding of the lesions with adherent bacteria.
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Facilitates binding of S. viridans to adherence of thrombi on heart valves.
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Fibronectin
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Pathology of other organs in endocarditis is a result of?
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Circulating immune complexes
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Endocarditis in pts with IVDU predominately affects what side of the heart?
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Right side and involving the tricuspid valve.
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Most common symptom of endocarditis
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fever
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small erythematous lesions on the palms or soles
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Janeway lesion
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Roth spots
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retinal hemorrhages
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painful raised lesions on the finger and toe pads
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Osler nodes
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