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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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bacilli
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rods
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coccus
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round
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coccobacilli
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oval
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vibrios
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curved in shape
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spirilla
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spring like
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bacterial grouping
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arrangement of grouping
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bacterial morphology
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bacterial shape; actual shape of bacteria
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AUTOTROPHS
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microbs that obtain their carbon from CO2
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HETEROTROPHS
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microbs that obtain their carbon from other organic molecules; like sugar, proteins and fats. (hetero = same, think they get it from others).
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PHOTOTROPHS
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get their energy from light
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CHEMOTROPHS
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energy from other chemicals
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PSYCHROPHILES
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COLD LOVING
-5 to 15 C |
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MESOPHILES
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25 to 45 C
humans at 37 C |
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THERMOPHILES
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50 to 60 C
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EXTREME (HYPER) THERMOPHILES
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70 to 115
hot springs at Yellowstone |
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THERMODURING ORGANISM
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mesophiles; that can withstand higher temps for short periods of time. FOOD POISENING ISSUES.
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ACIDOPHILES
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1 --> 5 pH
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Obligate Acidophiles can not survive in what pH.?
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above 7.0 pH
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NEUTROPHILES
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5.5 --> 8 pH
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ALKALIPHILES
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7.5 --> 12 pH
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HALOPHILES
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salt loving microbs
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most bacteria like what % of salt?
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2%
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PLASMOLYSIS
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membrane breaks; bacterial cells collapse, drawing plasma membrane out from wall, shinking will occure.
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other nutrients of microbes?
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Nitrogen, Sulfer
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OBLIGATE AEROBES
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must use O2 in final e- transport chain
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OBLIGATE ANAEROBES
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will die in O2
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MICROAEROPHILES
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require O2, but not 100% (only 2 to 10%)
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FACULTATIVE ANAEROBES
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can maintain life aerobicly or via fermintation; metabolic efficenty is reduced if via fermintation
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AEROTOLERANT ANAEROBES
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do not use O2; but can tolarate O2 enviroment
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ENRICHMENT CULTURE
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one grown on a medium, usually liquid, that has been supplemented to encourage the growth of a given type of organism.
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GENERATION TIME
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The time required for a given population to double in size. This time can be as short as 20 minutes or as long as a week.
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Phases of Growth
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Lag phase: do not reproduce but actively senthisize enzymes
Log Phase: population increases rapidly Stationary Phase: numbers of dying cells equal number of cells being produced Death Phase: nutrients are not being added and waste not being removed |
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three types of counting techniques:
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plate count: counting colonies per plate good plate is 30 to 300 colonies
Direct microscopic count: counting on a grid from a slide turbidity: measuring the cloudyness to measure density of microbes in a broth |
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disadvantage of plate count method?
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medium must support growth for all organisms in sample: assumes a homogenous dilution
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disadvantage of direct microscopic count?
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motile bacteria are difficult to count. dead cells will be counted
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disadvantage of turbidity
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dead cells are counted. does not work for small numbers of cells
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