Microbiology: Bordetella, Pseudomonas, And Legionella: Block Ii

Front 1

Small gram negative coccobacilli, that are obligate parasites of the respiratory tract, disease is initially an URI of the nasopharnyx which later spreads to the trachea and bronchi.

Back 1

Bordetella

Front 2

Starts as an upper respiratory tract infection that moves lower and pneumonia is never a common feature of the disease

Back 2

Bordetella

Front 3

Causes whooping cough

Back 3

Bordetella Pertussis

Front 4

This is the major component of the new acellular pertussis vaccine

Back 4

Fimbrial Hemagglutinin (F-HA)

Front 5

This short filament is found of the cell surface of pertussis, is involved in adherance to the mucosal surface, and is a major component of the vaccine:

Back 5

Fimbrial Hemagglutinin (FHA)

Front 6

This toxin inhibits monocyte and neutrophil activation/killing by causing increased levels of cAMP and is a major component of the vaccine for B. pertussis:

Back 6

Pertussis Toxin

Front 7

This pertussis toxin inhibits ciliated cells and triggers inflammation

Back 7

Tracheal Cytotoxin

Front 8

These two pertussis extracellular products inhibit monocyte and neutrophil activation by increasing the levels of intracellular cAMP in phagocytic cells

Back 8

Pertussis Toxin and Adenylate Cyclase

Front 9

Always causes disease when found in the nasopharnyx - has no carrier state. Is highly communicable via respiratory droplets and has highest morbidity and mortality in newborns:

Back 9

B. Pertussis

Front 10

This is one disease with two stages - Catarrhal stage and paroxysmal stage

Back 10

B. Pertussis

Front 11

In this stage of pertussis there are mild symptoms of an upper respriratory infection with attachment of bacteria to the cilliated epithelial cells of the nasopharnyx spreading to the trachea and bronchi, and at this stage the disease is highly infectious

Back 11

Catarrhal Stage

Front 12

This is the stage of pertussis in which the classical whooping cough is seen often with vomiting , severe facial congestions, and apperance of suffication. Other complications include seizures and secondary infections

Back 12

Paroxysmal Stage

Front 13

How is pertussis identified?

Back 13

Culture on modified agar and PCR.

Front 14

The vaccine for this disease is acellular with purified FHA and PT toxoid.

Back 14

B. Pertussis

Front 15

Widely distributed in soil and water and transmitted via water. Observed in compromised patients with cancer, burns, and CF.

Back 15

Pseudomonas

Front 16

Cystic fibrosis patients seem to be particularly susceptible to some of these lung infections

Back 16

P. Aeruginosa

Front 17

This member of the psuedomonas family causes various opportunistic infections, esp. in cystic fibrosis patients

Back 17

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Front 18

These two members of the psuedomonas family causes nosocomial respiratory infections, esp in CF patients

Back 18

Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia
and Burkholderia Cepacia

Front 19

This pathogen is similar to psuedomonas and is a common cause of wound infections contaminated with fresh water and usually spreads systemically

Back 19

Aeromonas Hydrophilia

Front 20

This is an emerging pathogen with antibiotic resistance that is seen in US soldiers in Iraq and transmitted from the soil and water but can also cause colonization without disease

Back 20

Actinebacter Baumannii

Front 21

What three things should be expected in any of the unusual gram negative organisms?

Back 21

1. Compromised host
2. Environmental source - water
3. Antibiotic resistance

Front 22

Can grow on almost any surface, is a strict aerobe and oxidase positive, is very resistant to chemical disinfectants and antibiotics

Back 22

P. Aeruginosa

Front 23

Has a glycocalyx capsule with a slime layer and a mucoid capsule nearly exclusive for CF strain:

Back 23

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Front 24

Is a gram negative pathogen with a capsule that has several exotoxins and is v. resistant to disinfectants and antibiotics

Back 24

P. Aeruginosa

Front 25

Is found in the water in hospital reservoirs, requires a defect in host defenses, causes a variety of diseases including pneumonia

Back 25

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Front 26

This disease is caused by P. Aeruginosa, occurs in immunocompromised persons, caused acute onset, has bloodstream invasion and septicemia with a non-mucoid slime capsule

Back 26

Nosocomial Pneumonia

Front 27

This disease is caused by a defect in mucocilliary clearance mechanism, is community acquired, caused chronic progressive lung destruction, has no bloodstream invasion, and involves a change to a mucoid capsule

Back 27

Cystic Fibrosis Pneumonia

Front 28

This disease is caused by P. Aeruginosa on moist skin from extended exposure to contaminated water which is more severe in diabetes and immunocompromised

Back 28

Dematitis

Front 29

Causes pneumonia, infections in burns, UTIs, dermatitis, corneal infections, and endocarditis

Back 29

P. Aeruginosa

Front 30

How is P. Aeruginosa identified?

Back 30

By culture - because it is resistant to so many things, antibiotic sensitivity testing is crucial

Front 31

When is psuedomonas treated with combination (2-drug) therapy?

Back 31

When it is a serious, life threatening infection.

Front 32

What is the treatment/prevention of P. Aeruginosa?

Back 32

There are no vaccines available and complete elimination of the organism is not practical so the best prevention is hand washing.

Front 33

Commonly found in fresh water aquatic habitats, proliferate primarily as intracellular parasites, when inhaled they may cause acute pneumonia.

Back 33

Legionella

Front 34

Which species of Legionella is responsible for 85% of all infections?

Back 34

L. Pneumophilia

Front 35

Has gram negative rods that stain poorly, don't grow on routine media (require Fe and L-cysteine), has intracellular growth in macrophages and protozoa with highest numbers in surface biofilms:

Back 35

Legionella Pneumophilia

Front 36

How is Legionella transmitted?

Back 36

It is a nosocomial and community acquired disease transmitted through inhalation of aerosols from contaminated building water - No human to human transmission

Front 37

What is the primary disease caused by Legionella?

Back 37

Acute pneumonia - can also cause mild, self-limited respiratory disease (pontiac fever)

Front 38

How is legionella diagnosed?

Back 38

Urine antigen test

Front 39

How is legionella treated? How is it prevented?

Back 39

Its treated with newer macrolides or fluoroquinolones and while there is no vaccine, it can be prevented by monitoring and disinfecting water sources