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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Helicobacter Pylori
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Gram Negative Curved Rod
Tuft Flagella at one end Urease Positive Similar to Campylobacter |
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Staph Aureus
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Gram Positive Cocci
Catalase Positive Coagulase Positive Low pH Skin flora Primary cause of FOOD POISONING Unrefrigerated foods Heat Stabile |
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Bacillus Cereus
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Gram Positive Rod
Spore forming Associated w/ RICE Heat stabile Low pH |
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Clostridium Botulinum
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Gram Positive Rod
Spore Forming Prevents release of ACh Causes flacid paralysis Associated w/ Home Canning & Honey (infants) |
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Clostridium Tetani
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Gram Positive Motile Rod
Terminal Spores "Tennis Rackets" Inhibits GABA and Glycine Causing Contractile paralysis |
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Describe the Characteristics of Rotavirus?
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Ds RNA Virus Segmented
Double Shelled Icosahedral Capsid -Transmitted Fecal Orally -Associated w/ diarrheal outbreak in daycares |
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Describe the pathogenesis of Rotavirus
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Destroys intestinal Villi and Enterocytes. (Doesnt harm the Crypt cells).
-Viral capsid protein acts like enterotoxin and promotes secretion of electrolytes into the lumen. Results in SECRETORY Diarrhea |
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You have 4 year old female with acute onset of watery diarrhea. Mother states lots of other children in the Daycare have the same symptoms. Stool Cultures are Negative for Bacteria and Ova and Parasites. Diagnosis?
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Rotavirus
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Describe Characterisitcs of Norwalk Virus (Nora Virus)
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SS RNA
Naked Icosahedral Capsid -Can survive Freezing Temperatures and even Steaming. -Cruise Ships |
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Newly Wed couple presents with Severe watery diarrhea and vomiting. Said they had just gotten back from their honeymoon on a cruise in the Bahammas. Diagnosis
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Noravirus
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Name the Virus that is commonly associated with Acute diarrhea and biliary tract disease in AIDS patients
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CMV
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General Characterisitics of E. Coli
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Gram Neg Rod
Lactose Fermenter |
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Describe Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
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-Common in Young Children
-Produces a Shigella Like Toxin -SORBITOL NEG. -Bloody Secretroy Diarrhea -Assoc. with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome -Fecal Oral Transmission -DO NOT TREAT WITH ABX |
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-Bacteria produces Fever, Diarrhea, cramps with 48 hrs
-Travelers Diarrhea -Produces Secretory Non-bloody Diarrhea |
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli
-Virulence: Heat Labile toxin produces cAMP. -Heat Stabile toxin produces cGMP |
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Name the bacteria that causes mild watery diarrhea in Neonates and Young children. Produces a pedistal that blocks intestinal villi
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Enteropathogenic E.coli
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Describe Camplyobacter Jejuni
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Gram Neg Curved Rods
Vibrio like organism with Flagella (Dart like movements) "Gull winged" Oxidase Positive GROWS at 42 degrees Celcius! -In contaminated Poultry, Milk, Water -Produces Bloody Diarrhea |
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Name the Common Causes of Bloody Diarrhea
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-Campylobacter
-Salmonella -Shigella -Enterohemorragic E coli -Enamoeba Histolytica -Balantidium Coli |
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-Curved Gram Neg Rod
-Non-sucrose fermenter -Lactose Neg -Found in Saltwater Fish and Shellfish -TCBS will be Green -Caused Gastroenteritis |
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus
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Bacteria infection similar to Campylobacter. Commonly from Non-Pasturized Dairy Products. Best Cultured from Swollen Mesenteric Lymph Nodes
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Yersinia Enterocolitica
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Hospitalized patient develops severe abdominal pain, diarrhea. Stool culture reveals postitive WBC's and Lymphocytes. Patient has been on large doses of Antibiotics.
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Pseudomembranous Colitis
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Describe Vibrio Cholerae
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-Curved Gram Neg Rod with Polar Flagella.
-Oxidase Positive -Lactose Fermenter -Common in Gulf Coast Waters (contaminated water and seafood) -Severe Secretory Diarrhea -RICE water Stool -Enterotoxin increases cAMP production. -TCBS is YELLOW |
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Gram Neg Rod
Non Motile Non-lactose fermenter H2S negative -Blood Diarrhea, Abdominal cramps and Fever -Fecal Oral Transmission |
Shigella
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Most common Shigella bacteria in U.S.
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Shigella Sonnei
Shigella Dysentery is most severe form |
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Describe Shigella Pathogenesis
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-Invades the M cells.
-Usesplasmid antigen IPA to commendere actin and spread cell to cell laterally. -Toxin cleaves 60s ribosomes and blocks fluid absorption in Colon |
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Describe Salmonella
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Gram Neg Motile (salmon swim) Rod
Non-lactose Fermenter H2S positive -Ingested in food (chicken, eggs) and contaminated water. -Common in Pet Reptiles! -Causes Secretory Diarrhea |
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Pathogenesis of Salmonella Typhi
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Contacts M cells and induces Rippling (salmon swimming) of the cell membrane. Alters electrolye homeostasis and spreads to regional lymph nodes.
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bugs do not Gram stain well
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-treponema ( too thin to be visualized)
-rickesttsia (intracellular parasite) -mycobacteria (high-lipid-content cell wall requires acid-fast stain) -mycoplasma ( no cell wall) -legionella pneumophila (primarily intracelluar) -chamydia (intracelluar parasite; lacks muramic acid in cell wall) |
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Giemsa
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-borrelia
-plasmodium -trypanosomes -chlamydia |
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PAS (periodic acid-Schiff)
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-stains glycogen
-used to diagnose Whipple's Disease tropheryma whippelii) |
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Ziehl-Neelsen
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acid fast organisms
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India Ink
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cryptococcus neogormans
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Silver Stain
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-Fungi
-Legionella ex. pneumocystis |
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Obilgate Aerobes
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O2-dependent system to generate ATP
Nocardia Pseudromonds mycobacterium tuberculosis bacillus Nagging Pets Must Breathe P. AERuginosa is an AERobe |
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Obilgate Anaerobes
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-clostridium
-bacteroides -actinomyces -lack catalase and/or superoxide dusmutase -susceptible to oxidative damage Can't Breathe Air -normal flora -GI Tract -AmnioO2glycosides -ineffective against anaerbobes because the antibiotics require O2 to enter into bacterial cell. |
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Describe bacterial Transformation
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The ability of one bacterial cell to take up DNA from the environment that came from a lysed bacterial cell
SHiN bacteria do this (S. pneumoniae, H. Influenzae, Neisseria) |
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Describe bacterial Transduction
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A lytic phage infects a bacterium. Part of the bacterial DNA becomes packaged in the viral capsid. Phage infects another bacterium and transfers the original bacteriums genes
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Describe bacterial Transposition
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Segments of bacterial DNA "jump" from one location to another and transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome & vice versa
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Which bacterium is Optochin sensitive, G+ & Catalse -?
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S. Pneumoniae
Mneumonic: OVRPS |
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Which bacterium is described as having "tumbling motility"?
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Listeria Monocytogenes
"If you OD on Listerine, you'll tumble around" |
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Which bacterium is suspected in most prosthetic device infections or catheter infections?
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S. Epidermidis
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Which bacterium is suspected in burn victims or intibated victims?
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P. Aeruginosa
Think water connection & blue-green pigment |
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Which bacterium is suspected when sputum is described as "rusty"?
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S. Pneumoniae
K. Pneumoniae would be described as "red currant jelly" |
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What are the suspicious signs of Rheumatic Fever? What causes Rheumatic Fever?
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Signs: Subcutaneous plaques, Polyarthritis, Erythema marginatum, Chorea, Carditis
"No 'rheum' for SPECCulation" Cause: Previous S. Pyogenes (group A strep) infection |
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Which bacterium is Bacitracin sensitive? What other diseases can develop from subsequent infection of this bug?
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S. Pyogenes (group A strep)
Mneumonic: B-BRAS Other diseases: Scarlet Fever, Rheumatic Fever, Glomerulonephritis, Pharyngitis Think: Scarlet PHever, Rheumatic PHever, GlomerulonePHritis, PHaryngitis |
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Which bugs are capable of producing spores?
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B. Antrhacis, C. Perfingens, C. Tetani, B Cereus, C. Botulinum
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Which bacterium would be suspected if you noted black painless ulcers on the pts. skin and subsequent flu-like symptoms which progressed to fever & pulmonary hemorrhage?
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B. Anthracis - G+ spore-forming Rod
Black eschar = Black painless ulcer |
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Which bacterium would be suspected if a patient presented w/ no eyebrows, nasal collapse & lumpy earlobes?
What would be the treatment of choice? |
M. Leprae (leprosy)
Infects skin & superficial nerves of the face Treatment: Long-term oral Dapsone |
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Which bacteria are G- & lactose fermenting?
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Citrobacter, Klebsiella, E. Coli, Enterobacter, Serratia
Mneumonic: macConKEE'S agar |
