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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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General characteristics of Vibrio
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gram negative curved, rods, facultiatively anaerobes, ferment carbohydrates, cytochrome oxidase positive, highly motile
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Vibrio cholerae colonizes
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non invasive and colonizes in teh small intestine
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type of toxin produced by Vibrio cholerae
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heat-labile enterotoxin similar to E. coli LT
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How is Vibrio cholerae subdivided
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based on lipoplysaccharide antigens (O-antigens), more than 140 serogroups
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Epidimiology Vibrio cholerae
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endemic to southern Asia, exist in marine environment and associated with shellfish
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how and where Vibrio cholerae colonizes
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in teh small intestine, adheres to mucosal cell layer with pili and adhesions, adn elabores enterotoxin (choleragen)
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how does choleragen work
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increases production cAMP by activating adenylate cyclase which icnreases flow fluid and electrolytes into intestinal lumen
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symptoms of Vibrio cholerae
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nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping and profuse, watery diarrhea containing flake like mucous
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Major virulence factor of Vibrio cholera
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cholera toxin (ctxA, ctxB) which causes hypersecretion of electrolytes and water
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Diagnosis of Vibrio cholerae
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strains are serotyped by an antibody reaction against their LPS O-antigen
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Non-antibiotic treatment of Vibrio cholera
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rapid replacement of lost fluids and electrolytes
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antibiotic treament of Vibrio cholera
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doxycycline, reduces lost fluid and shortens shedding period
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is Vibrio cholerae a normal flora
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in healthy individuals, it is a normal flora, need to get to 10^8 develop cholera
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which people are most suseptible to cholera
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pople with low stomach acidity
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is there a vaccine for Vibrio cholerae
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yes, but it is short lived
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Immunity to Vibrio cholerae
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natural infection of O1 profices long lasting immunity, O139 does not
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Vibrio cholerae non O1 and non-O139
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have different LPS O-antigens
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disease from Vibrio cholerae non-O1 and non-O139
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gastroenteritis, but normally mild and untreated
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Pathogenesis of Vibrio parahaemlyticus
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produce thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) that induces chloride ion sercretion in epithelial cells by increasing intracellular calcium
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symptoms of Vibrio parahemlyticus
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diarrhea, headache, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomitting, and low-grade fever, but less sever than cholera
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infection caused by Vibrio vulnificus
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invasive penetrates through wounds associated with seawater
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symptoms of Vibrio vulinicus
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initial swelling, erythema, and pain, follwed by the development of vesicles or bullae and eventual tissue necrosis
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Treatment Vibrio vulnificus
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antibiotics (tetracyclin) and surgical drainage if necessary
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virulence factors of Vibrio vulnificus
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serum resistance, antiphagocytic-capsule, polysaccharides, cytolysins, collagenase, protease, siderophore
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Vibrio vulnificus ferments
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lactose
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what does Vibrio alginolyticus cause
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wound infection by a collagenase virulence factor
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