Microbiology - Bacterium Of The Day

Front 1

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Back 1

Gram negative, aerobic, rod-shaped soil bacteria; chemical opines as carbon and nitrogen sources; carries a Ti plasmid that causes (crown gall disease) ‘galls’ in plants

Front 2

Azotobacter vinelandii

Back 2

Gram negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, nitrogen fixation soil bacteria; uses atmospheric nitrogen and turns it into ammonia and organic nitrogen

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Bacillus stearothermophilus

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Gram positive, rod shaped, thermophilic, aerobic, highly heat resistant spore forming bacterium; sours low acid canned foods with short-chain fatty acids

Front 4

Bacillus thuringiensis

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Gram positive, rod shaped, diamond shaped ‘Cys’ toxins, facultative anaerobe; insect pathogen (Bt toxin) and insecticide

Front 5

Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus

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Gram negative, vibrio shaped, obligate aerobe; bacterial predator, which has a biophasic life cycle

Front 6

Beggiatoa sp.

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Gram negative, very large, mat-forming, gliding, sulfur oxidizing bacteria; exhibits three negative ‘tactic’ responses to H2S, O2, and light.

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Caulobacter crescentus

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Gram-negative, rod shaped, stalked, aerobic, heterotrophic, fresh water bacterium; used to study asymmetric cell division

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Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum

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Gram negative, rod shaped, phototrophic, sulfur reducing, anaerobic bacterium; makes ‘external’ sulfur granules which refract light

Front 9

Chromatium vinosum

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Gram negative, rod shaped, strict anaerobe bacterium; reduces sulfur; globules of sulfur distributed within the cell; NADP-thioredoxin reductase

Front 10

Citrobacter freundii

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Gram negative, facultative anaerobe, bacillus shaped bacterium; opportunistic pathogen that fixes nitrogen, as well as uses citrate (fermentation of glycerol) as a chief carbon source

Front 11

Clostridium species

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Gram positive, spore forming, rod shaped, anaerobes, pathogens, mesophiles, large sized bacterium; causes botulism, tetanus, and gas-gangrene

Front 12

Clostridium botulinum

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Gram positive, rod shaped, spores, obligate anaerobe, very resistant spores; produces toxin which affects the principle CNS

Front 13

Clostridium tetani

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Gram positive, rod shaped, spore forming baciullus, anaerobic; produces toxins tetanolysin and tetanopasmin=tetanus; less lethal than C. botulinum

Front 14

Clostridium perfringens

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Gram positive, rod shaped, spores; causes food poisoning; causes gas-gangrene

Front 15

Escherichia coli

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Gram negative, rod shaped, anaerobe, probiotic intestinal inhabitation, O157:H7 strain pathogenic; manipulation can produce insulin

Front 16

Halobacterium halobium

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Gram negative, bacillus, obligate aerobe, membrane “S-layer”. halobacterium; bacteriorhodopsin protein transports H+ out of cell to create proton gradient (active transport); bacterioruberin antioxidant pigment to protect against UV damage; high GC contact

Front 17

Klebsiella pneumonia

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Gram negative, rod shaped, facultative anaerobe, lactose fermenting, opportunistic human pathogen bacterium; common in intestines and soil; causes specific disease named after bacteria; K antigen protects from phagocytosis

Front 18

Nitro species

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both discovered by Winogradsky; both part of nitrogen cycle – nitrogen fixation to ammonification to nitrofixation to denitrification

Front 19

Nitrobacter

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Gram negative, rod shaped, chemoautotrophic bacterium; oxidizes nitrite to nitrate; biphasic growth; aquaponic-removes ammonia from water by converting it to nitrate

Front 20

Nitrosomona sp.

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Gram negative, rod shaped, chemoautotrophic bacterium; oxidizes ammonia to nitrite; contains urease to convert urea to ammonia to CO2

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Proteus vulgaris

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Gram negative, bacillus shaped, facultative anaerobe bacterium; highly resistant; never ferments lactose; produces urease, splits urea which is a medium; when organism breaks down urea the medium would change colors due to phenol red (yellow in acid/red in base)

Front 22

Sinorhizobium meliloti

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Gram negative, rod shaped, aerobe (free living), microaerobe (living symbiotically); cambialistic superoxide dismutase to remove O2-; bacteroid--differential colonies immune response to hormones, polymorphic in structure; nodule formation in legume plants; NIF genes

Front 23

Rhodobacter sphaeroides (or Rhodospirillum rubrum)

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Gram negative, rod shaped, lives in multiple ranges of enviroments (aerobe to diazotrophic-nitrogen fixation); bioremediation used to detoxify metal oxides; synthesizes ZnS, mediates the production of indole, and used to isoloate Rhodethrin and extract Carotenoids

Front 24

Serratia marcescens

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Gram negative, rod shaped, swarmer colonies, red pigmentation, facultative anaerobe, fermentation as energy source, and uses enzymes to hydrolyze casein; very antibiotic resistant; LPS in outer membrane act as endotoxin; R-factor (Resistance factor) on plasmids that result in multibiotic resistance by modifying, cleaving, or degrading antibiotics.