Microbiology Airborne Illnesses

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What is the most common agent of strep throat and tell gram staining and other diseases that this bacteria causes??

Back 1

G + Type A Streptococcus Pyogenes Encapsulated chains Puerperal sepsis( childbed fever) Septocemia(blood poisoning) Erysipelas (open skin wounds)

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scarlet fever

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streptococcus Pyogenes thoat with a skin rash

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erythrogenic toxin

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red forming toxin

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glomerulonephritis

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A manifistation of streptococcus pyogenes in kideneys fever and inflammation of small blood vessels

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rheumatic fever

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fever and immflamation of small blood vessels joint pain and distortion of heart valves antibody reaction

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Alpha hemolitic

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turn blood agar olive green color partially destroy red blood cells

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Beta hemolytic

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streptococci that are surrounded by clear zones on due to complete destruction of red blood cells on blood agar

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Gamma hemolytic stretococci

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No effecct on red blood cells in blood agar

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Second classification system of streptococci

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First system is the blood -digesting and the second is based on variats of a specific carbo.the C substance in the cell walls of strep. Groups A thr O

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Strep cases anually

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500,000

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M Protein

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enhances the pathogenticity of strep.P.
locateded in the cell wall and pili encourages adherence retards phagocytosis 60 types

Front 12

what are the symptoms of diptheria

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toxin can cause bullneck
a leathery pseudomembrane forms(dead tissue mucus and white blood cells)
exotoxin kills epithial cells in from interfering with protien synthesis

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Treatment for diptheria
Vaccine???

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Penecillin and antitoxin
Toxoid in DTaP

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Diptheria agent and type ????

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Corynebacterium diptheriae-- Gram positive rod

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corynephage???

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Viris attache to bacterial chromosomes containing the genetic code for exotoxin
(lysogenic relationship)

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Metachromatic granules??

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corynebacterium diptheriae stained show up as cytoplasmic dots

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toxoid

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toxin molecules treated with formaldahyde or heat to destroy their toxic qualities

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No. of cases of diptheria

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12 in US but problem in many regeins of world esp. asia

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Serotype???

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antigens on surface of bacteria 5 types

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Transmisson of step p.

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airborne droplets

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Symptoms of strep. p.

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1-3 days
high fever mesophile
swollen lymph nodes
red pharyngeal tissue

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bacteriophage

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transfer proteins from one another

Front 23

which does penecillin work best against

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Gram positive bac.

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Agent of Meninogococcal meningitis

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Neisseria meningitis

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Stain and desript. of neisseria meningitis

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GRam NEGETIVE DIPLOCOCCUS

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Symtoms of meningococcal meningitis

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Influenza like resp. disease
stiff arched neck
headache
rash on skin blue black to bright red
death can come in 2 hours
Untreated (50% mortality rate

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meningococcemia????

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meninges inflamed

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Meningoccocal meningitis treatments and vaccin????

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rifampin,penicillin, sulfonamide drugs
Vaccinate under certain circumstances with capsular polysaccharides from several groups of meningococci

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Waterhouse_Fridersichsen syndrome????

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Lesions from meningococcol meningitis on adrenal gland (hormone imbalence)

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transfer of meningococcal meningitis???
No of cases per???

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Person to person transfer
fragile organism
3000 in 1997 in us

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Agent of haemopnilus meningitis
Bacteria type??

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haemophilus influenzae type B
Gram negetive encapsulated rod

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Symptoms of haemophilus meningitis

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haemophilus influenzae type b causes stiff neck, severe headache, listlessness, drowsiness,irritability
disease mortality 5%

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Vaccinne for haemophillus meningitis???
treatmen??
how many cases??

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Included in DTaP (poyysaccharides from organism's capsule ACELLULAR VACCINe
rifampin used for treatment with others

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HIB disease???

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Haemophilus meningitis in children from 6months to 2 years- Complication to a previous disease

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Treatment for haemophilus meningitis

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rifampin

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Tuberculosis Agent???

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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tuberculosis staining???

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Cell wall contains layer of fatt waxey material that resis. environmental factors.. stain acompanied by heat or lip dissolving (small rod is ACID FAST)

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tuberculin test???

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app, of purified protein derivitive of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the skin( if exposed skin becomes raised thick and red

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How many exposures to get tB

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multiple

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Transfer of mycobacterium tuberculosis???

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Airborne droplets mutiple exposures

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Cases of tuberculosis in US

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20,000 new case anually More deaths from this disease in developing countries than any other bacterial
3,000 Annual fatalities in us
1.7 billion people in the world 1997 3 million world deaths

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what percent of tb people become ill within 3 months with syptoms of chronic cough, chest pain, high fever, rust colored sputnum

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10 %

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Miliary tuberculosis????explain


Another name for???

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the tubercle has broken down and spread to other body parts 1.no discernable toxins 2. tissues are consumed

Consumption

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Mantoux test???

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test for antibodies ,,if vacinnated can't test

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Who first isolated mycobacterium tuberculosis??

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Robert Koch in 1882

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Pott's disease ????

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Tuberculosis of the spine

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Drugs to treat TB???

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isoniazid(INH),pyrazinamide,rifamptin,ethambutal and streptomycin

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How do you immunize against TB???

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injections of weakened Mycobacterium bovis

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what is mycobacterium avium-intracellular

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Acid fast rod that causes lung disease especially in AIDS patients,associated with birds,Called mycobacteriosis, or Mai disease

Front 50

pneumonia meaning?

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microbial diseases of the bronchial tubes and lungs

Front 51

80% of bacterial cases of pneumonia are caused by what agent

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Streptococcus pneumonia

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Give description of Streptococcus pneumonia

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Gram positive ,encapsulated chain,diplococcus

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What is agent in pneumococcal pneumonia??

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streptococcus pneumonia(pneumococcus)

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How is pneumococcal pneumonia aquired??

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droplets or contact ---The pneumococcus exist in most Americans but resistance is high--in respiratory tract--

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Symptoms of streptococcus pneumonia are ------????

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high fever
chest pains
diffuclt breathing
rust colored sputnum

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lobar pneumonia???

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entire lobe of one lung has infection

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pneumonia in both lungs is called ______???/

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double pneumonia

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How many strains of pneumococcal pneumonia are there and how many have vaccine made for them????

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over 80 strains and FDA has liscenced a vaccine for 23 strains

Front 59

Describe the Eaton agent???

and Tell the name of agent.

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Causes primary atypical pneumonia and named mycoplasma pneumoniae PAP

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Another name for mycoplasmic pneumonia???

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walking pneumonia and primary a typical pneumonia

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Describe agent mycoplasmic pneumoniae

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smallest of bacteria
Mycoplasma
have no Gram reaction
0.2um in size
Pleomorphic (variety of shapes)
no cell wall

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What antibiotic used against mycoplasma pneumonia

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erythromiacin

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cold agglutinin screening test???

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antibodies produced against mycoplasmic pneumonia agglutinate type O red blood cells at 4degrees C but not at 37 degrees C

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describe agent of Klebsiella pneumonia???

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Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram negative encapsulated rod,often occurs naturally inresp. tract of humans.
As secondary disease is a Nosocomial
As primary disease is characterized by sudden onset and gelantinous reddish brown sputnum 5% of bacterial pnuemononia