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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Starch Hydrolysis Medium
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Starch agar
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Starch Hydrolysis Reaction
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amylase
Starch ------------>glucose |
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Starch Hydrolysis Procedure
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Add Gram's iodine to cover surface of plate
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Starch Hydrolysis Interpretation
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+=clear area in medium around the growth
-=dark area in medium around growth |
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Casein Hydrolysis Medium
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Skim milk agar
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Casein Hydrolysis Reaction
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casease
Casein-------------> polypeptides and amino acids |
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Casein Hydrolysis Interpretation
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+=Clearing around growth
-=no clearing |
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Gelatin Hydrolysis medium
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Nutrient gelatin deep
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Gelatin Hydrolysis Reaction
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gelatinase
Gelatin-------------------->polypeptides and amino acids |
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Gelatin Hydrolysis Procedure
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Refrigerate or chill before reading
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Gelatin Hydrolysis Interpretation
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Gelatin is liquid = Gelatinase is present
Gelatin is solid = no gelatinase |
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Urea Hydrolysis Medium
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Urea broth
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Urea Hydrolysis Reaction
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urease
Urea + 2H20----------->2NH3+CO2+H20 |
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Urea Hydrolysis Reagents
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Phenol red pH indicator is in the medium
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Urea Hydrolysis Interpretation
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=+birght pink
-=pale or amber color or no change |
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Hydrogen Sulfide Production Medium
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Peptone iron agar deep
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H2S Sulfide Production Reaction
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cysteine desulfarase
cysteine---------------------->H2s+alanine |
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H2S Production Reagents
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Iron sulfate is in the medium
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H2S Interpretation
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+=black precipitate
-=no black precipitate |
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Carbohydrate Fermentation Medium
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Glucose, Lactose, or Sucrose broth
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Carbohydrate Fermentation Reaction
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Fermentation enzymes
Glucose------------------->acid/gas Lactose Sucrose |
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Carbohydrate Fermentation Procedures/Reagents
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Druham tube to detect gas
Phenol red pH indicator is in the medium |
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Carbohydrate Fermentation Interpretation
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+/+=Yellow broth, bubble in tube (acid/gas)
+/-=Yellow broth, no bubble (acid/no gas) -/+=Red broth, bubble (no acid/gas) -/-=Red broth, no bubble |
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Oxidase Test Medium
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Trypticase Soy Agar plate (streak for isolation)
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Oxidase Test Reaction
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oxidase
redox dye------------------->redox dye (colorless) (purple) |
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Oxidase Test Interpretation
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Purple within 1 minute indicates oxidase is present
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Catalase Production Medium
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Trypticase Soy Agar plate - streak for isolation
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Catalase Production Reaction
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catalase
2H202------------------>2H2O+O2 |
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Catalase Production Interpretation
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Bubbles present indicates catalase is present
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Nitrate Reduction Medium
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Nitrate broth
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Nitrate Reduction Reaction
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nitrate reductase reductases
Nitrate---------------------------->Nitrite----------->ammonia or nitrogen |
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Nitrate Reduction Special Procedures
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Stage 1: Add 5 drops: A sulfanilic acid; B naphthylamine
Stage 2: C zinc powder |
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Nitrate Reduction Interpretation
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Positive= Red color; presence of nitrite
Negative/Inconclusive test=No color change Positive (after stage 2)=No color change; Bacteria reduced N beyond nitrite Negative: (after stage 2)Zinc reduced nitrate to nitrite (not the bacterium) |
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Motility medium
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Motility test medium
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Indole Production Medium
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Tryptophan broth
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Indole Production Reaction
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tryptophanase
Tryptophan---------------->indole + pyruvate |
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Indole Production Reagents
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Add 5 drops Kovac's reagent
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Indole Production Interpretation
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+=Red ring at top
-= yellow/orange; no indole present |
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Methyl Red Medium
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MRVP
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Methyl Red Reaction
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fermentation enzymes
glucose----------------->highly acidic end products |
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Methyl Red Test Reagents
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Add 5 drops methyl red indicator
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Methyl Red Test Interpretation
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+=Red, acid present
-=Yellow/orange, not acidic |
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Voges-Proskauer Test Medium
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MRVP
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VP Test Reaction
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fermentation enzymes
Glucose------------------>acetoin |
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VP Test Reagents
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Add 15 drops VP reagent A; Mix
Add 15 drops VP reagent B; Mix Let sit ~4 hours |
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VP Test Interpretation
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+reddish color in approx. 4 hours; acetoin present
-=yellow/brown; no acetoin |
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Citrate Utilization Medium
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Citrate agar slant
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Citrate Utilization reaction
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citrase
Citrate-------------------------->pyruvate citrate permease |
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Citrate Utilization reagents
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Bromthymol blue pH indicator is in the medium
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Citrate Utilization Interpretation
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+=Blue, alkaline, citrate used
-=green, not alkaline, citrate not used |
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Carbohydrate fermentation (glucose, lactose/sucrose) medium
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Triple Sugar Iron Agar Slant
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CHO fermentation reaction
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fermentation enzymes
Glucose--------------------->acid/gas |
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CHO fermentation reagent
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Phenol red pH indicator is in the medium
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CHO fermentation Interpretation
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Red=Alkaline
Yellow=Acid Rising/cracking=gas Black=H2S production |
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H2S production medium
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Triple Sugar Iron agar slant
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H2S Reaction
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S reduction
Na thiosulfate---------------------->H2s |
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H2S Reagents
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Ferrous sulfate is in the medium
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H2S Interpretation
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Medium contains iron and turns black of hydrogen sulfide is produced
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