Microbiology

Front 1

Metabolism: Beta-hemolytic. Catalase -
Virulence: M-protein
Toxins: Pyrogenic toxin, TSS toxin
Pathology:Pharyngitis, Scarlet Fever, TSS
Treatment: Penicillin, Erythromycin
Diagnostic: Gram +

Back 1

Streptococcus pyogenes
Group A

Front 2

Metabolism:B-hemolytic, Facultative anerobe, catalase -
Pathology: Neonatal meningitis, pneumonia, and sepsis; Sepsis in pregnancy.
Treatment: Penicillin
Diagnostics: Gram +

Back 2

Streptococcus agalactiae
Group B

Front 3

Metabolism: A,B, or gamma-hemolytic, catalase -, F. anaerobe.
Pathology: subacute bacterial endocarditis, Biliary tract infections, UTI
Treatment: Ampicillin w/ aminoglycoside
Diag: Gram Stain +, culture of 40% bile and 6.5% NaCl

Back 3

Enterococci
Streptococcus faecalis and faecium
Non-enterococci
Strept. bovis and equinus
Group D

Front 4

Met: A-hemolytic, F. anaerobe, Catalase -
Path: Subacute bacterial endocarditis, dental carries, brain or liver abscesses
TX: Penicillin G
DX: Gram +, resistant to optochin, normal oral flora

Back 4

Streptococcus viridans

Front 5

Met.: catalase -, A-hemolytic, f.anaerobe
Toxin: Pneumolysin
Path: Pneumonia, Meningitis, Sepsis, Ottis Media in children.
TX: Penicillin, Erythromycin, Ceftriaxone, vaccine.
DX: Gram stain + diplococci, doesn't grow in Optochin and bile, + Quellung test.

Back 5

Streptococcus Pneumonia
(pneumococci)

Front 6

Met: Catalase +, Coagulase +, F. anaerobe
Virulence: Protein A, exofoliatin, TSST-1
Path: Gastroenteritis, TSS, Scalded Skin, Pneumonia, Meningitis, acute bacterial endocarditis
Tx: Penicillinase-resistant penicillin, Vancomycin, Clindomycin
Dx: Gram + in clumps

Back 6

Staphylococcus Aureus

Front 7

Met: Catalase +, Coag. -, F. anaerobe
virulence: biofilm
Path: Nosocomial infections
Tx: Vancomycin
Dx: Gram + in clumps

Back 7

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Front 8

Met.: Catalase +, Coag. -, F. anaerobe
Path: UTI in sexually active women
TX: Penicillin
Dx: gram + in clusters.

Back 8

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Front 9

Reservior: Sheep, Goats, Cattle
Transmission: Endospores- Cutaneous, inhalation, ingestion.
virulence: Protein capsule
toxins: Exotoxin- protective antigen, Edema Factor, Lethal factor
Path: Anthrax
Tx: Cipro, Doxycycline, Vaccine
Dx: Gram +

Back 9

Bacillus anthrais

Front 10

Transmission: endospores
virulence: No capsule, motile
Path: food poisoning (Rice)
TX: Vancomycin, Clindamycin

Back 10

Bacillus cereus

Front 11

Reservior: soil, canned foods, smoked fish, honey
transmission: endospores
met: Anaerobe
Path: Botulism
Tx: Antitoxin, Human botullism immunoglobulin, Hyperbaric Oxygen.

Back 11

Clostridium botulinum

Front 12

Reservior: Soil
transmisison: endospores
Met: anaerobe
Toxin: Tetanospasmin (inhibits GABA)
Path: Tetanus
Tx: Tetanus Toxoid, Antitoxin, Penicillin, vaccine DPT.
Dx: Gram + rods drumstick

Back 12

Clostridium tetani

Front 13

Reservior: soil, Mammal GI tract
transmission: endospores
Met: Anaerobe
toxins: Alpha toxin
Path: Gaseous Gangrene
Tx: surgery, Penicillin, Hyperbaric Ox.
Dx: Gram +

Back 13

Clostridium perfringens

Front 14

Reservoir: GI tract
transmission: Fecal-oral ingestion of endospores.
Toxins: Toxin A and Toxin B
Path: Pseudomembranous entercolitis
Tx: Metronidazole, Oral Vancomycin
Dx: immunoassay, colonoscopy

Back 14

Clostridium difficile

Front 15

Morph: Gram +, non-spore forming,
transmission: respiratory droplets
virulence: pseudomembrane
Path: Diptheria,
Tx: Antitoxin, PCN, Erythromycin, DPT vaccine
Dx: gram + rods (chinese letters)
culture: Potassium Tellurite or Loeffler's medium

Back 15

Cornebacterium diphtheriae

Front 16

Morph: Gram + rods, motile (tumbling)
transmission: raw milk, during birth,
Met: b-hemolytic, catalase +, F. anaerobe
toxin: Listeriolysin O and phospholipases
Path: Meningitis in neonates and immunosuppressed
Tx: Ampicillin and bactrim

Back 16

Listeria monocytogenes

Front 17

reservoir: Nasopharynx of humans
morph: kidney bean shaped in pairs.
met: ferments maltose and glucose
virulence: Capsule, IgA protease, Pili
Path: Meningitis, Septicemia
Tx: Vaccine, Penicillin G, Ceftriaxone, Rifampin used as prophylaxis
Dx: Chocolate agar, Thayer Martin VCN
Neonates susceptible from 6 to 24 months.

Back 17

Neisseria meningitidis

Front 18

Reservoir: Human STD
Morph: Kidney Bean shaped in pairs
Met: forments only glucose
virulence: Pili, IgA protease, Protein I
Path: Urethritis, PID, Ophthalmia neonatorum,
Tx: 3rd gen. Cephalosporin, erythromycin eye drops
Dx: Chocolate agar. Thayer Martin VCN

Back 18

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Front 19

reservoir: normal resp. flora
path: Ottis media in children, bronchitis,sinusitis, COPD exacerbations.
Tx: Azithromycin or clarithromycin, 2nd or 3rd gen, cephalosporin.

Back 19

Moraxella catarrhalis

Front 20

Transmission: Fecal-oral
met: Catalase +, Oxidase -, ferments glucose.
Path: diarrhea, UTI, Pneumonia,
DX: Gram -, grows on EMB agar or McConkey Agar
Antigenic Classification: O-antigen (outer portion of LPS), K-antigen (Capsule), H-antigen (flagella)

Back 20

Enterobacteriaceae

Front 21

Met: Indole +, b-hemolytic, ferments lactose
viruence: Pili, K-antigen, H-antigen.
Toxins: LT, ST, Shiga-like toxin
Path: Newborn meningitis, UTI, Nosocomial sepsis and pneumonia, Diarrhea
Tx: Cephalasporins, Aminoglycosides, Bactrim, Fluoroquinolones
Dx: gram -, EMB and MacConkey agar

Back 21

Escherichia coli

Front 22

Met: Indole -, ferments lactose
Path: Pneumonia, Nosocomial UTI and sepsis
Tx: 3rd gen. Cephalosporins, Cipro

Back 22

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Front 23

Met: Urease, Indole -, don't ferment lactose
Path: UTI, Sepsis
Tx: Ampicillin and Bactrim
Dx:gram -, urine has high pH

Back 23

Proteus mirabilis

Front 24

transmission: fecal-oral
met: No H2S, don't ferment lactose
Toxin: Shiga toxin
Path: Bloody diarrhea with mucus and pus
Tx: cipro, azithromycin, bactrim

Back 24

Shigella dysenteriae

Front 25

transmission: fecal-oral
Met: produces H2S, don't ferment lactose
virulence: Capsule (VI antigen), Siderophore
Path: Typhoid Fever- Fever, Abd. pain, liver or spleen enlargement, Rose spots on abd.
Tx: Cipro, Ceftriaxone, Bactrim
Misc: Facultative intracellular parasite-
lives within macrophages. can live in Gallbladder.

Back 25

Salmonella Typhi

Front 26

Reservoir: pet turtles, chickens, eggs
Met: produces H2S, don't ferment lactose
Virulence: Capsule (VI antigen) Motile
Path: Parathyphoid fever, chronic carrier state, Osteomyelitis
Tx: Cipro, Ceftriaxone, Bactrim. Azithromycin.

Back 26

Non-typhi Salmonella

Front 27

Transmission: Ingestion of contaminated food or water and unpasteurized milk.
Met: don't ferment lactose
Virulence: V and W antigen, motile
Path: Acute enterocolitis with fever, diarrhea and abd. pain.
Dx: gram -,

Back 27

Yersinia enterocolitica

Front 28

transmission: fecal-oral,
morph: comma shaped, single polar flagellum
Met: Oxidase +, ferments sugars except lactose.
Toxin: Choleragen
Path: Cholera (severe diarrhea with rice water stools, no pus)
Tx: replace fluids, Doxycycline, cipro
Dx: Gram -, Dark field microscopy, grows on TCBS agar

Back 28

Vibrio cholerae

Front 29

transmission: eating raw fish
morph: comma shaped single polar flagellum
Met: Halophillic
Path: Food poisoning
Tx: Doxycycline, Cipro
Dx: requires thiosulfate & bile salts

Back 29

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Front 30

transmission: uncooked poultry, unpasteurized milk, fecal-oral
Morph: curved gram- rods with single polar flagellum
Met: Microaerophilic, Oxidase +,
Path: secretory or bloody diarrhea
Tx: Cipro or erythromycin
One of the most common causes of diarrhea in the world

Back 30

Campylobacter jejuni

Front 31

Morph: curved gram - rods with a tuft of polar flagellum.
Met: Microaerophilic and Urease +
Path: Duodenal ulcers, chronic gastritis
TX: Bismuth, ampicillin, metronidazole, and tetracycline.

Back 31

Heliobacter pylori

Front 32

Met: Obligate aerobe, Oxidase +
virulence: motile and hemolysin
Toxin: Exotoxin A
Path: Pneumonia, Osteomyelitis, burn wounds, sepsis
Tx:Timentin, Piperacilin, Imipenem, Hard to kill
Dx: green pigment , grape smell

Back 32

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 33

Met: oxidase+
virulence: extremely hard to kill
Path: Nosocomial infections
Tx:Bactrim, Cipro
Dx: gram -

Back 33

Burkolderia cepacea

Front 34

Met: Oxidase -
virulence: Extremely hard to kill
Path: Nosocomial Pneumonia, endocarditis, meningitis
TX: Bactrim, Ticarcillin +/- aztreonam
Dx: gram -

Back 34

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Front 35

Met: Anaerobic, non-spore former, polysaccharide capsule, normal GI flora
Path: Abscesses in GI tract, pelvis, and lungs
Tx: Metronidazole, Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol, surgical drain
DX: gram -,

Back 35

Bacteroides fragilis

Front 36

Met: normal GI flora, Anaerobic,
Path: Necrotizing anaerobic pneumonia, peridontal disease.
Tx: Metronidazole, Clindamycin
Dx: gram -, produces a black pigment on blood agar.

Back 36

Bacteroides melaninogenicus

Front 37

Met: Anaerobic, non-spore former.
Path: Necrotizing anaerobic pneumonia, periodontal disease, abd or pelvic abscesses
otitis media
TX: Pen G
Dx: gram -

Back 37

Fusobacterium

Front 38

Transmission: Obligate human paraside, respiratory route
Virulence: Capsule a-f, attachment pili, IgA protease.
Path: Meningitis, acute epiglottitis, septic arthritis, Sepsis, pneumonia
Tx: 2nd or 3rd gen. cephalosporin, Hib vaccine
Dx: gram -, chocolate agar, positive quellung reaction

Back 38

Haemophilus influenzae

Front 39

STD
Path: Chancroid
Tx: Azithromycin, ceftriaxone, cipro
Dx: gram -,

Back 39

Haemophilis ducreyl

Front 40

Met: Anaerobic, non-spore former, polysaccharide capsule, normal GI flora
Path: Abscesses in GI tract, pelvis, and lungs
Tx: Metronidazole, Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol, surgical drain
DX: gram -,

Back 40

Bacteroides fragilis

Front 41

Met: normal GI flora, Anaerobic,
Path: Necrotizing anaerobic pneumonia, peridontal disease.
Tx: Metronidazole, Clindamycin
Dx: gram -, produces a black pigment on blood agar.

Back 41

Bacteroides melaninogenicus

Front 42

Met: Anaerobic, non-spore former.
Path: Necrotizing anaerobic pneumonia, periodontal disease, abd or pelvic abscesses
otitis media
TX: Pen G
Dx: gram -

Back 42

Fusobacterium

Front 43

Transmission: Obligate human paraside, respiratory route
Virulence: Capsule a-f, attachment pili, IgA protease.
Path: Meningitis, acute epiglottitis, septic arthritis, Sepsis, pneumonia
Tx: 2nd or 3rd gen. cephalosporin, Hib vaccine
Dx: gram -, chocolate agar, positive quellung reaction

Back 43

Haemophilus influenzae

Front 44

STD
Path: Chancroid
Tx: Azithromycin, ceftriaxone, cipro
Dx: gram -,

Back 44

Haemophilis ducreyl

Front 45

STD
Path: Bacterial vaginitis (fishy odor)
Tx: metronidazole
Dx: Clue Cells (vaginal epithelial cells with tiny pleomorphic gram - bacilli

Back 45

Gardnerella vaginalis

Front 46

Highly contagious, respiratory spread
virulence: Filamentous hemagglutinin
toxin: Petussis toxin
Path: Whooping Cough
Tx: Erythromycin, Vaccine
Dx: gram -, Bordet-Gengou media
High risk groups: infants under 1 year, adults

Back 46

Bordetella pertussis

Front 47

found in water, air-conditioner system, cooling towers
Path: Pontiac fever (headache, fever, muscle aches and fatigue; self-limiting)
Legionnaries disease
Tx: Erythromycin, rifampin
DX: gram -, buffered charcoal yeast extract.

Back 47

Legionella pneumophila

Front 48

Reservoir: Wild rodents, city rats, squirrels and prairie dogs
Transmission: Flea bites, contact with infected animal tissue, Inhaled aerosolized organisms.
Met: F. anaerobe,
Path: Bubonic Plague (regional lymph nodes swell become red, hot, and tender)
Sepsis, Pneumonic plague
Tx: Streptomycin, Doxycycline, killed vaccine affective for a few months.
Dx: gram - rods with biploar staining.

Back 48

Yersinia pestis

Front 49

Reservoir: Wild & domestic animals
transmission: Unpasteurized milk
Path: Enterocolitis
Tx: Cipro, Bactrim,
Cephalosporin resistant!
Dx: cold enrichment of stool with saline, bipolar staining

Back 49

Yersinia enterocolitica

Front 50

reservoir: Rabbits, squirrels, ticks
transmission: bite of tick, deerfly, or infected animal
Met: Obligate aerobe, requires cysteine
Path: Tularemia (ulcer at the site of bite)
Tx: Gentamicin, Doxycycline.

Back 50

Francisella tularensis

Front 51

Reservoir: Goats, cattle, Pigs, dogs
transmission: contact with livestock or aborted placentas, ingestion of infected milk products
Path: Brucellosis (Undulating fever, weakness, loss of appetite)
Tx: Pasteurization of Milk, Treat with doxycycline and one other drug.
Dx: culture of blood, bone marrow.

Back 51

Brucella
Brucella melitensis
Brucella abortus
Brucella suis
Brucella canis

Front 52

Reservoir: Humans
Morph: gram -
transmission: direct contact, eyes, genitals, lungs
met: Elementary body (dense spherule that infect cells.
Path: Trachoma, inclusion conjunctivitis, infant pneumonia, PID
Tx: Azithromycin,
Dx: cannot be grown on artificial media

Back 52

Chlamydia trachomatis