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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Times capitis |
Which of the following is not a cause of ringworm A. Microsporum B. Trichopython C. Times capitis D. Epidermophyton E. None of these |
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Handling of contaminated hides |
Anthrax also called "woolsorter's disease" result from A. Contact with contaminated soil B. Ingestion of contaminated meat C. Handling of contaminated hides D. All of the choices are correct E. None of the choices are correct |
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Varicella-zoster virus |
-uses the respiratory epithelium as it's portal of entry
-becomes latent in dorsal root ganglia that serve specific dermatomes
-humans as it's reservoir -causes chickenpox & shingles |
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Clostridium botulinum |
Production of neurotoxin prevents acerylcholine release from motor neurons at neuromuscular junctions |
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Encephalitis |
-fever, headace, rash -coma, convulsions, paralysis in severe cases -myalgia, & orbital pain -muscle aches & joint stiffness |
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Sign of meningitis |
WBCs in CSF |
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Yersinia pestis |
Usually transmitted by a flea vector High virulence: 3-50 cells |
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Brucellosis |
Pasteurization of milk prevents |
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Lyme disease |
-Early symptoms of fever, headache, stiff neck -crippling polyarthristis & cardiovascular & neurological problems -people having contact with wooded or forested area -treatment with antimicrobics |
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Oral thrush |
Candida albicans |
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Clostridium difficile |
Enterotoxin |
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Vibrio cholerae |
Enterotoxin virulence |
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Gummas |
Syphilic tumors in liver, skin, bone, & cartilage during tertiary stage |
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Chancroid |
Caused by Haemophilus ducreyi |
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Leptospirosis |
Reservoir: dogs |
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Carbon dioxide |
-removed from atmosphere during photosynthesis -source of carbon -returned to the atmosphere during respiration & fermentation -used by marine organisms to make limestone for their hard shells |
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Chloronation |
Final treatment if sewage treatment before release into the environment |
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Scarlet fever |
Streptococcus pyongenes in homogenized form that makes erythrogenic toxin |
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Scalded skin syndrome |
-skin peeling -Staphylococcus aureus making an exfoliative toxin |
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Leprosy tuberculoid |
-Shallow skin lesions with loss of sensation |
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Leprosy lepromatous |
-Most disfiguring version -organ failure -skin nodules |
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Neisseria meningitides |
Meningococcus (Gram-) Acute meningitis Fever, sore throat, headache, stiff neck, convulsions, vomiting Meningococcemia-serious complication Petechiae lesions |
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Streptococcus pneumoniae |
Major cause of bacterial pneumonia Also cause pneumococcal meningitis (community acquired meningitis) |
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Haemophilus influenzae |
Acute bacterial meningitis Severe Fever, vomiting, stiff neck, neurological impairment |
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Listeria momnocytogenes |
Gram + coccobacilli Filamentous bacterium Primary reservoirs: soil & water Secondary sources of infection: animals, plants, & food |
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Listeriosis |
-Mild or subclinical in normal adults -Fever, diarrhea, sore throat -Can cause meningitis & septicemia in immunocompromised patients, fetuses, & neonates |
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Clostridium tetani |
Neurotoxin Spastic paralysis Puncture wounds |
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Clostridium botulinum |
Neurotoxin Flaccid paralysis Food poisoning |
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Clostridium perfringens |
Histolytic toxins Gas gangrene Necrotic tissue |
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Clostridium difficile |
Enterotoxin GI symptoms Superinfection |
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Tetanus |
Need immune globulin injection for passive immunity of vaccine/booster not current |
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Rabies |
Long incubation period (1-2 months or longer) Post-exposure vaccination |
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Spongiform encephalopathies |
Caused by PRIONS (proteinaceous infectious particles) Abnormal transmissible proteins that cause neurological disease (vacuolization of the brain tissue) Scrapie Mad Cow Creutzfeld-Jakob Kuru Gertsmann-Straussler-Scheinker |
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Trypanosoma cruzi |
American trypanosome Chagas disease Reduviid/kissing bugs |
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Trypanosoma brucei |
African trypanosome Sleeping sickness Tsetse fly |
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Rubeola |
Measles (3 weeks-months) Can lead to pneumonia & encephalitis |
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Rubella |
German measles (3 days) Serious in pregnant women in first trimester |
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Malaria |
Protozoan infection Plasmodium Complicated life cycle RBCs damage causes symptoms |
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Tularemia |
Francisella tularensis Rabbits/rodents Highly infectious: 10-50 organisms |
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Lyme disease |
Borrelia burgdorferi Spirochete Deer ticks |
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Hemorrhagic fevers |
Yellow fever Dengue fever Ebola Marburg Lassa fever |
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Non-hemorrhagic fevers |
Brucellosis Q-fever Cat scratch Trench fever Ehrlichosis Rocky Mountain fever |
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Legionellosis |
Legionella pneumophila Aerosolized water |
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Cholera |
Vibrio cholera Rice water stools Fluid/electrolyte replacement |
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Gonorrhea |
Discharge Painful urination in men |
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Syphilis |
Treponema palladium Darkfield microscopy Primary- chancre Secondary- rash Tertiary- gummas |
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Chlamydia |
Chlamydia trachomatis Most common infectious case of blindness Nonginococcal urethritis- males Cervicitis- females Ocular trachoma Congenital conjunctivitis |
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Chancoid |
Hemophilis ducreyi Soft chancre (painful in men) Inguinal lymph nodes Tropics & subtropics Direct contact, sexually |
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Crytococcus neoformans |
Fungus Chronic meningitis Headache, nausea, stiff neck Primary reservoir: bird Healthy humans are resistant Symptoms in respiratory & CNS Opportunistic Amphotericin B & fluconazole |
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Coccidioides immitis |
-True fungal infection with high virulence -Pulmonary infection, can dissemate throughout body -soil, aerosols of arthrospores -immunocompromised can develop meningitis, osteomyelitis, skin granulomas |
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Viral meningitis (aseptic meningitis) |
Milder Resolves without Tx Majority occur in children |
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Neonatal meningitis |
Mother to child Streptococcus agalactiae Escherichia coli Listeria monocytogenes |
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Poliomyelitis (infantile paralysis) |
Acute enteroviral infection of spinal cord Neuromuscular paralysis Mild viremia, fever, headaches, nausea, sore throat, myalgia Poliovirus in Picornaviridae family |
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Yellow fever |
Aedes aegypti mosquitos Bleeding, shock, oral hemorrhage, nosebleed, vomiting, jaundice, liver, & kidney damage |
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Dengue fever |
-Aedes mosquito -Less severe in initial infection: rash, fever, fatigue, & headache -Subsequent infections: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever aka "Breakbone Fever" |
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Ebola & Marburg |
-Filoviridae -Bleeding in orifices & mucus membrane (inc eyes), massive,internal bleeding, external bleeding |
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Lassa Fever |
-Areavirus -mostly asymptomatic -20% develop hemorrhagic syndrome -African rodent (multimammate rat) -aerosolization or rat droppings & urine -human transmission -95% miscarriage rate |
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Brucellosis |
-Brucella coccobacilli -AKA Malta fever, undulant fever, Bang's disease -via damaged skin or,mucus membranes (GI, conjunctiva, resp tract) -can live inside phagocytes -handling animals & livestock -pasteurization - |
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Q Fever |
-Coxiella burretii pleomorphic cell -abrupt fever, chills, head & muscle aches, & occasionally rash -tick & occurs between wild & domestic animals (not humans) -human transmission due to environmental contamination & airborne spread |
