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162 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Salmonella Typhirium Environment
-facultative anerobe
-Non-lactose fermenter
-In macrophages
- In epithelial-M-Cells
Salmonella Typhirium mechanism
-SPI 1- mebrane ruffling-allows for ecellular incorporation
-SPI 2- prevents lysosomal maturation
-Typre three secretion system
-VI
Salmonella Typhirium Symptoms
-gastroneteritis
-bacteremia
Salmmonella Typhirium spread
Food bourne
S. Typhirium Diagnosis
Stool culture
-Serology confirmation
-non-lactose fermenter
-
S. Typhi Environemnt
-Facultative anerobe
S. Typhi Mehcanism
-spread through macrophages
-Siderophores
-H-antigen,capsule, type III secretion system.
S Typhi Spread
-chicks and turtles
-human to human
S. Typhi Diagnosis
same as typhiurium
S. Typhi sympotoms
-can be asympotmatic
-osteomyleitis
-typhoid fever
-Bacteremia
S. Typhi treatment
-fluoroquinolones
Pseud. aueriginosis environmnet
-Aerobic
Cf patients
-Simple nutrition
-Blue pigment
-Oxidase +
characteristic smell
aueriginosis Mechanism
-Exotoxin A
Exotoxin S
-Cytotoxin
-Hemolysin, collagenase
-elastase
-Phospholipase C
-FORMS BIOFILM!!!!!!!!
Pseud. symptoms
-*Opportunistic infection
-*Pulmonary infections
-UTI
-Bacteremia
Pseud. diagnosis
- blue color on blood agar
-Mucoid capsules
-Grape smell
Oxidase +
Pseud. Treatment
-*Ticarcillin, Piperacillin
-also susceptible to aminoglycosides and cephalosporins
Haemophilus Influenza Environmnet
-Facultative anaerobe
-grows on chocalate agar, blood "blood loving," NAD-fastidious
-Normal flora
-encapsulated
-pleomorphic-long to short
H. Influenza mechanism
-Non-typeable- impaired clearance of normal flora
-Encapsulated- accute virulence factor

-capsulated is the acute/pathogenic bacteria
-non-casulated is chronic and normal flora
-IgA protease
H. Inflenza symprotms
-ottitis media
-sinusitis
-pneumonia
-Accute- meningitis, sepsis, epiglottis.
H. Influenza diagnosis
-Blood CSF
-Serotyping
-culture with CO2
-
H. Influenza treatment/vacicnation
-Hib vaccine
-dpedent on Herd immunity
-
H. ducreyi environment
-requires blood
-fastidious
- mainly outside US
*Swelling and pain in lymph nodes.
H. ducreyi Symptoms
-large pus filled chancre
-swollen lymph nodes
-dissmeninates in women
-can be asymptomatic
H. ducreyi transmission
-self- trasnmission STD
-
H. Duceryi Diagnosis
-bicycle chain appearance
-
Haemonphilus aegyptus
-brazillian purpuritic fever
-conjunctivitis-treat with eye drops
HACEK bacteria
-normal flora
-clenched fist celluliatis
-dental carrier-result in periodnatlinfections
-endocarditis
-Haemophilus, Actinbacillus, cardiobacterium.
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli
(ETEC) Environment
-small intestine
-facultative anerobe
-lactose fermentation
-most common anerobe in GI tract
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli
(ETEC) mechanism
-plasmid mediated exotoxin
-ST/LT: increase cAMP
-hypersecretion of electrolytes
-have LPS
-K1 capsule
-Adhesins
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli
(ETEC) symptoms
-Traveller's Diarrhea
-Infant diarrhea*
*NO fever
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli
(ETEC) diagnosis
-B-hemolytic
-lactose fermenting
-serology
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli
(ETEC) treatment
Ciprofloxacillin and levofloxacin
Enteroinvasive E. Coli (EIEC)
Environment
-Colon
-facultative anerobe
-fermetns lactose
-
Enteroinvasive E. Coli (EIEC) mechanism
-SHIGA- increased-Bloody stool
-intracellular cAMP
-Plasmid mediated invasion and destruction of GI epithelium.
Enteroinvasive E. Coli (EIEC) symptoms
-Fever
-cramping
-watery diarrhea
-*****bloody stool
-pus
Enteroinvasive E. Coli (EIEC) spread
Food bourne
Enteroinvasive E. Coli (EIEC) treatment
-ciprofloxacin
Enteropathogenic E. Coli (EPEC) Environmnet
Small intestine
Enteropathogenic E. Coli (EPEC) mechanism
-plasmid-mediated diarrhea
-flattens mucosa-malabsorption
Enteropathogenic E. Coli (EPEC) symptoms
infant diarrhea
-NEONATAL MENINGITIS
-
Enteropathogenic E. Coli (EPEC) treatment
-Antipseudomonals
Enterohemorrhagic E. COli (EHEC) envrionmnet
-COlon
-facultative anerobe
-Ferments sorbitol
Enterohemorrhagic E. COli (EHEC) mechanism
-SHIGA toxin
-disrupt protein synthesis
-Destruction of microvilli
Enterohemorrhagic E. COli (EHEC) symptoms
-bloody diarrhea
-Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Shigella Dysenteriae Environment
-facultative anerobe
-non-lactose fermenter
-in large bowel
Shigella Dysenteriae mechanism
-Shiga toxin
-type 3 secretion system
-plasmid mediated genes
-<100 bugs cause disease
Shigella Dysenteriae symptoms
-bloody diarrhea and WBC
-Cramps
-fever
-tensmus
Shigella Dysenteriae spread
-Fecal-oral
-poor hygiene
Shigella Dysenteriae diagnosis
-differnetiate between e. coli using non-lactose fermentation property of Shigella
Shigella Dysenteriae treatment
-self-limiting
-hydration important
Ricketsia Ricketsii environment
-Won't grow in labs
-oligate intracellular
-Oxidase negative
-cell enveolope
Ricketsia Ricketsii mechanism
-*Scavenge host ATP
-Tropism for epithelium
-Petechiae
Ricketsia Ricketsiis ympotms
- Rocky mt. spotted fever
-fever
-myalgia
-spots
-mimic meningitis
-high mortality
Ricketsia Ricketsii spread
- ticks, fleas, mites-arthropods
-
Ricketsia Ricketsii diagnosis
-chick yolk
-PCR
-western blot
Ricketsia Ricketsii and prowazekii (typhus) treatment
-tetracyclines-Doxycycline
Ricketsia prowazekii (typhus)
- rides on the louse
-intracellular growth
- scavenge host ATP
-rash not on plames and soles
-less deadly then ricketsii
headaches, chills, delerium
-tropism for endothelial cells
-Louse restricted to humans
Ehrlicia and Anaplasma environemnt
-obligate intracellular
-scavenge ATP
-Forms inclusion bodies
Ehrlicia and Anaplasma mechanism
-replicate in phagosome
-inhibit phagolysomal fusion
-in leukocytes (causes inflamatory response which drags leukocytes in and infects them)
Ehrlicia and Anaplasma symptoms
-Symtpoms like RMSF
Ehrlicia and Anaplasma spread
-spread through *dogs* and ticks
Ehrlicia and Anaplasma diagnose
-*inclusion bodies
-DNA probe
-
Ehrlicia and Anaplasma treatment
doxycycline
Coxiella burnetti environmnet
-intracellular, but stable in outsid eneviroment
Coxiella burnetti mechanism
-replicates in lysoosome of phagocytic cells
-stable in environmnet
Coxiella burnetti symptoms
-Q-fever
- headache, pneumonia
-hepatitis, Rash
Coxiella burnetti spread
-cattle
-animals
-**Can contract through dust because of its stability-inhalation
-
Coxiella burnetti diagnosis
- grow in acid
-antibody response
Coxiella burnetti treatment
-vaccine
-tetracylcines
Kleibsiella pneumoniae Environemnt
-IMViC test- differnetiates Kiebesella from E. Coli
-Globular capsulates
Lactose fermenter
Kleibsiella pneumoniae Symptoms
-*Opportunistic infection
-pneumonia
-sepsis(second most cause behind E. Coli)
-Lung necrosis
-Bloody cough
-UTI
-High mortality
Kleibsiella pneumoniae spread
- soil
food bourne
human intestine
Kleibsiella pneumoniae diagnosis
Rapid MIC
Serotype capsule
Kleibsiella pneumoniae treatment
-Rapid durg resistant.
-treat with antipseudomonas
Citrobacter, Proteus, Enterobacter, Seratia environment
-Gram negative
-bad odod
-Highly motile
- Nosocomial infections
-causes UTI infections
-*****urease******
-Swarming culture (highly motile)
Chlamydia trachomatis environment
-single round inclusion
-Obligate intracellular
-Scavenge ATP
-NO PEPTIDOGLYCAN
-Infects non-ciliated columnar, cuboidal, and transitional epithelial cells.
Chlamydia trachomatis mechanism
-Elementary body
-form reticulate bodies which will form elementary bodies
-Type three secretion system
-Serovars D-K- most common--*Delayed type hypersensitivity
*Can cause autoimmunity
Chlamydia trachomatis symptoms
-inclusion conjunctivits
-occular trachoma
-Urethritis, discharge
-Neonatal conjunctivitis
-PID in women
-Inguinal lymphadenopathy
Chlamydia trachomatis spread
human to human
Chlamydia trachomatis diagnose
-PCR
-Culture chick yolk
-
Chlamidyia Trachmotatis Treatment
-erythromycin
-Sulfanomides
Chlamydia pneumonia environment
-multiple uniform inclsuions
-Obligate intracellular
Chlamydia pneumonia mechanism
-may increase plaque development
-scavenge for ATP
Chlamydia pneumonia symptoms
-Chronic bronchitis
-Sinusitis
-Pneumonia
-Exacerbated COPD
-Stroke, arthritis
-Heart disease
Chlamydia pneumonia spread
Human-Human inhalation

Though to have a recent jump to humans

Don't really try to diagnose due to normal flora contamination
Chlamydia pneumonia diagnosis
Flourescent antibodies
Chlamydia pneumonia treatment
-Erythmicin
-Doxycyclin
Chlamydia psittaci
-multiple inclusion bodies
-scavenge ATP
-Exotic animals (koala)
-Spontaneous abotiron
H. Pylori Environmnet
-Urease +
-Microaerophilic
H. Pylori mechanism
-acid inhibitory protein
-Superoxide dismutase
-Flagellum
-Heat shock protein
H. Pylori Symptoms
-reduction of acid
-peptic ulcers
-stomach cnacer
H. Pylori diagnose
-urease breath test
-biopsy
H. Pylori treatment
-metronidazole
-tetracylcine
-proton pump inhibitors-Omeprazoele
Campylobacter jejuni environment
-*microaerophilc
-Elevated CO2
-grow at 42 degrees cell
-Urease +
-Seasonal (camping in the warmer months)
Campylobacter jejuni mechanism
-S protein-confers resistance to serum killing-C3b binding
-Invade M-cells
-Ahydrochloric
-Cytotoxin
enterotoxin
Campylobacter jejuni symptoms
*Most common cause of diarrhea
-gastroneteritis
-Bactermia
Campylobacter jejuni spread
-puppies
-food water
Campylobacter jejuni diagnosis
***Low antibiotic media-because of resitance
*grow at CO2 levels and high temp
*
Campylobacter jejuni treatment
-self-limiting
-if real bad can use erythromycin
Vibiro Cholera Environment
-facultative anaerobe
-in upper small bowl
-El-Tor in humans
-fermenter
-Oxidase +
Vibiro Cholera Mechanism
-Serotype 01/0139
-A-B toxin
-Zonula occludens toxin
-Coregulated Pillus Toxin
-Hypchlorondria
Vibiro Cholera symptoms
-cholera
-gastroenteritis
-Diarrhea
-fluid loss
-Vomitting
Vibiro Cholera spread
-Food bourne
-Shell fish
-Water bourne
Vibiro Cholera diagnosis
-Culture stool
-Dehydration
-*Grows yellow on TCBS
-Oxidase +
Vibiro Cholera treatment
-self-limiting treat symptoms
-incur immunity
-HERD imunity
vibrio vulnificus
-Loves salt
-facultative anerobe
-curved rod
-H-antigen
-Capsule
-Shellfish
-Highly infective-open wound exposure
vibrio vulnificus diagnosis
-glucose fermenter
-Oxidase +
-Culture wound
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
-facultative anerobe
-Hemolytic cytotoxin, H-antigen, capsule
-Diarrhea
-Specicemia
-Wound infection
Shellfish
Vibrio parahaemolyticus treament
-treat with doxycycline and fluoroquinolones
yersinia entercolitica environment
-Pschrophilic
-facultative anaerobe
yersinia entercolitica mechanism
1. type three secretion system
2. Inhibition of phagocytosis and chemotaxis
3.Enterotoxin
4. Decrease NaCl reabsorption
yersinia entercolitica symptoms
1. swelling of lymph nodes
2. gastroenteritis
3. chronic acute diarrhea
4. pain/swelling abdomen
yersinia entercolitica spread
1. food bourne
2. blood
3. animal contact
4. feces
yersinia entercolitica diagnosis
1. stool culutre
2. cold enrichment w/ salt
yersinia entercolitica treatment
1. self-limited
2. used broad spectrum antibiotics
Yersinia pestis environment
-coccobacilli
-motile at 37 degrees
-Bipolar staining
-club shaped
-
Yersinia pestis mechanism
1. V and W antigens
2. Infection persists in macrophages
3. Pesticin: kills other bacteria
4. F1 capsular antigen
Yersinia pestis symptoms
1. Bubonic and pneumonic plague
2. Tender inguinal lymph nodes
3. high fever
Yersinia pestis spread
Rats/fleas
Aerosoles
Yersinia pestis diagnosis
rapid culture
culture blood and buboe
Urease and Ornithine negative
Yersinia pestis treatment
streptomycin and gentamycin
Legionella pneumophila environment
1. Obligate aerobe
2. Needs iron
3. found in macrophages
Legionella pneumophila mechanism
1. TYPE IV secretion system
2. Capsule
3. Endosome binds ER and becomes autosome; optimal environmnet for bacteria
Legionella pneumophila symptoms
1.legionaires disease- pneumonia, diarrhea, chills, headache
2. Pontiac Fever- flu-like, mild fever
Legionella pneumophila spread
1. Water and mist
Legionella pneumophila diagnosis
1. test urine for antigens
2. serology for Ig's
Legionella pneumophila treatment
1. macrolides and fluoroquinolones
Bordetella pertussis environment
1. Coccobacilli
2. obligate aerobe
3. Delicate, fastidious
4. grown on blood agar
Bordetella pertussis mechanism
1. hemolysis in virulent phase
2. Ptx-AB toxin- causes ribosyltrasnferase and increase cAMP.
3. actually kills the cilia
Bordetella pertussis symptoms
1. paroxysmal-whooping
2. Catarrhal- flu-like, highly contagious
3. recovery-occurs when cough subsides
Bordetella pertussis spread
inhalation
Bordetella pertussis diagnosis
-PCR confirmation
-nasopharyngeal swab
-culture on Bordet agar and Ampicillin.
Bordetella pertussis treatment
1. Tdap
2.FHA
3. Erythromycin, tetracyclines, or chlorophenicol
Brucella environment
1. Facultative intracellular
2. Aerobic (CO2)
Brucella mechanism
1. invade and multiply in macrophages
2. Granulamatous response
3. spread through reticuloendothelial tissue
4. destroy autophagosomes
5. STD in cattle, placenta, breast
Brucella symptoms
1. Brucellosis
2. Undulant fever
3. Achy, low grade fever
4.Focal bone and joint lessions
5. Abortions in animals
Brucella spread
1. Cows, pigs, goat
2. unpasteurized milk
Brucella diagnosis
1. individuals history
2. bone marrow culture
3. DHT skin test
Brucella Treatment
1. segration from cattle
2. Cattle vaccination
3. 6 weeks of antibiotics
francisella tularensis environment
1. Obligate aerobe
2. facultative intracellular
francisella tularensis mechanism
1. occuloglandular-enters conjunctiva
2. Ulceroglandular- enters through the skin
3. Pneumonic- pneumonia with sepsis-worst one
4. inhibition of phagolysosome
francisella tularensis symtpoms
1. typhoid-like disease
2. TULAREMIA
3. Papules and lymphadenopathy
4. persists in lymph nodes and high rate or mortality
francisella tularensis spread
1. Ticks
2. Deerflies
3. Rabbits
francisella tularensis diagnosis
1. PCR for rapid diagnosis
2. grown in chick embryos
3. Require cysteine in culture
francisella tularensis treatment
1. vaccine available but barely used
2. treat with gemtamycin and streptomycin
Moraxella Catharrhalis environment
1. Oxidase positive
2. Upper/lower RT
3. Mainly in children
4. Ampicillin resistnat
Moraxella Catharrhalis mechanism
1. only in humans
2. normal respiratory flora
Moraxella Catharrhalis symptoms
1. ottisits media
2. sinusitis
3. conjunctivitis
4. pneumonia
Moraxella Catharrhalis spread
inhalation
Moraxella Catharrhalis diagnosis
1. Oxidase positive
2. culture
Moraxella Catharrhalis treatment
1. Fluoroquinolones
2. 3rd gen. Cephalosporins
3. Erythromycin
Neisseria Meningitidis environment
1. Diplococci (MNN)
2. Aerobic
3. Nasopharyngeal carriage
4. Iron scavenger
Neisseria Meningitidis mechanism
1. crosses BBB
2. antiphagocytic capsule
3. IgA protease
4. pilli
Neisseria Meningitidis symptoms
1. Preceeded by pneumonia
2. meningitis
3. fever
4. sepsis
Neisseria Meningitidis spread
1. Aerosol
Neisseria Meningitidis diagnosis
1. Blood CSF
2. Sputum
3. Ferments glucose and maltose
4. Culture on chocalte agar.
Neisseria Meningitidis treatment
1. adjuvant vaccine
2. Corticosteroids
3. 3rd genreation cephalopsonins-cefatriaxone and cefazidine.
Neisseria gonorrheae environment
-Aerobic
-GU tract
-Anorectal system
-iron scavenger
Neisseria gonorrheae mechanism
1. LOS
2. Pilli
3. IgA protease
4. Porins
Neisseria gonorrheae symptoms
1. PID
2. Urethral discharge
3. Neonatal blindness
4. similar to chlamydia
Neisseria gonorrheae diagnosis
1. urethral/cervical smears
2. Glucose fermenter3. Immunoflourescence
Neisseria gonorrheae treatment
1. ceftriaxone
2. Fluoroquinolone
3. Azithromycin