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162 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Salmonella Typhirium Environment
|
-facultative anerobe
-Non-lactose fermenter -In macrophages - In epithelial-M-Cells |
|
Salmonella Typhirium mechanism
|
-SPI 1- mebrane ruffling-allows for ecellular incorporation
-SPI 2- prevents lysosomal maturation -Typre three secretion system -VI |
|
Salmonella Typhirium Symptoms
|
-gastroneteritis
-bacteremia |
|
Salmmonella Typhirium spread
|
Food bourne
|
|
S. Typhirium Diagnosis
|
Stool culture
-Serology confirmation -non-lactose fermenter - |
|
S. Typhi Environemnt
|
-Facultative anerobe
|
|
S. Typhi Mehcanism
|
-spread through macrophages
-Siderophores -H-antigen,capsule, type III secretion system. |
|
S Typhi Spread
|
-chicks and turtles
-human to human |
|
S. Typhi Diagnosis
|
same as typhiurium
|
|
S. Typhi sympotoms
|
-can be asympotmatic
-osteomyleitis -typhoid fever -Bacteremia |
|
S. Typhi treatment
|
-fluoroquinolones
|
|
Pseud. aueriginosis environmnet
|
-Aerobic
Cf patients -Simple nutrition -Blue pigment -Oxidase + characteristic smell |
|
aueriginosis Mechanism
|
-Exotoxin A
Exotoxin S -Cytotoxin -Hemolysin, collagenase -elastase -Phospholipase C -FORMS BIOFILM!!!!!!!! |
|
Pseud. symptoms
|
-*Opportunistic infection
-*Pulmonary infections -UTI -Bacteremia |
|
Pseud. diagnosis
|
- blue color on blood agar
-Mucoid capsules -Grape smell Oxidase + |
|
Pseud. Treatment
|
-*Ticarcillin, Piperacillin
-also susceptible to aminoglycosides and cephalosporins |
|
Haemophilus Influenza Environmnet
|
-Facultative anaerobe
-grows on chocalate agar, blood "blood loving," NAD-fastidious -Normal flora -encapsulated -pleomorphic-long to short |
|
H. Influenza mechanism
|
-Non-typeable- impaired clearance of normal flora
-Encapsulated- accute virulence factor -capsulated is the acute/pathogenic bacteria -non-casulated is chronic and normal flora -IgA protease |
|
H. Inflenza symprotms
|
-ottitis media
-sinusitis -pneumonia -Accute- meningitis, sepsis, epiglottis. |
|
H. Influenza diagnosis
|
-Blood CSF
-Serotyping -culture with CO2 - |
|
H. Influenza treatment/vacicnation
|
-Hib vaccine
-dpedent on Herd immunity - |
|
H. ducreyi environment
|
-requires blood
-fastidious - mainly outside US *Swelling and pain in lymph nodes. |
|
H. ducreyi Symptoms
|
-large pus filled chancre
-swollen lymph nodes -dissmeninates in women -can be asymptomatic |
|
H. ducreyi transmission
|
-self- trasnmission STD
- |
|
H. Duceryi Diagnosis
|
-bicycle chain appearance
- |
|
Haemonphilus aegyptus
|
-brazillian purpuritic fever
-conjunctivitis-treat with eye drops |
|
HACEK bacteria
|
-normal flora
-clenched fist celluliatis -dental carrier-result in periodnatlinfections -endocarditis -Haemophilus, Actinbacillus, cardiobacterium. |
|
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli
(ETEC) Environment |
-small intestine
-facultative anerobe -lactose fermentation -most common anerobe in GI tract |
|
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli
(ETEC) mechanism |
-plasmid mediated exotoxin
-ST/LT: increase cAMP -hypersecretion of electrolytes -have LPS -K1 capsule -Adhesins |
|
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli
(ETEC) symptoms |
-Traveller's Diarrhea
-Infant diarrhea* *NO fever |
|
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli
(ETEC) diagnosis |
-B-hemolytic
-lactose fermenting -serology |
|
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli
(ETEC) treatment |
Ciprofloxacillin and levofloxacin
|
|
Enteroinvasive E. Coli (EIEC)
Environment |
-Colon
-facultative anerobe -fermetns lactose - |
|
Enteroinvasive E. Coli (EIEC) mechanism
|
-SHIGA- increased-Bloody stool
-intracellular cAMP -Plasmid mediated invasion and destruction of GI epithelium. |
|
Enteroinvasive E. Coli (EIEC) symptoms
|
-Fever
-cramping -watery diarrhea -*****bloody stool -pus |
|
Enteroinvasive E. Coli (EIEC) spread
|
Food bourne
|
|
Enteroinvasive E. Coli (EIEC) treatment
|
-ciprofloxacin
|
|
Enteropathogenic E. Coli (EPEC) Environmnet
|
Small intestine
|
|
Enteropathogenic E. Coli (EPEC) mechanism
|
-plasmid-mediated diarrhea
-flattens mucosa-malabsorption |
|
Enteropathogenic E. Coli (EPEC) symptoms
|
infant diarrhea
-NEONATAL MENINGITIS - |
|
Enteropathogenic E. Coli (EPEC) treatment
|
-Antipseudomonals
|
|
Enterohemorrhagic E. COli (EHEC) envrionmnet
|
-COlon
-facultative anerobe -Ferments sorbitol |
|
Enterohemorrhagic E. COli (EHEC) mechanism
|
-SHIGA toxin
-disrupt protein synthesis -Destruction of microvilli |
|
Enterohemorrhagic E. COli (EHEC) symptoms
|
-bloody diarrhea
-Hemolytic uremic syndrome |
|
Shigella Dysenteriae Environment
|
-facultative anerobe
-non-lactose fermenter -in large bowel |
|
Shigella Dysenteriae mechanism
|
-Shiga toxin
-type 3 secretion system -plasmid mediated genes -<100 bugs cause disease |
|
Shigella Dysenteriae symptoms
|
-bloody diarrhea and WBC
-Cramps -fever -tensmus |
|
Shigella Dysenteriae spread
|
-Fecal-oral
-poor hygiene |
|
Shigella Dysenteriae diagnosis
|
-differnetiate between e. coli using non-lactose fermentation property of Shigella
|
|
Shigella Dysenteriae treatment
|
-self-limiting
-hydration important |
|
Ricketsia Ricketsii environment
|
-Won't grow in labs
-oligate intracellular -Oxidase negative -cell enveolope |
|
Ricketsia Ricketsii mechanism
|
-*Scavenge host ATP
-Tropism for epithelium -Petechiae |
|
Ricketsia Ricketsiis ympotms
|
- Rocky mt. spotted fever
-fever -myalgia -spots -mimic meningitis -high mortality |
|
Ricketsia Ricketsii spread
|
- ticks, fleas, mites-arthropods
- |
|
Ricketsia Ricketsii diagnosis
|
-chick yolk
-PCR -western blot |
|
Ricketsia Ricketsii and prowazekii (typhus) treatment
|
-tetracyclines-Doxycycline
|
|
Ricketsia prowazekii (typhus)
|
- rides on the louse
-intracellular growth - scavenge host ATP -rash not on plames and soles -less deadly then ricketsii headaches, chills, delerium -tropism for endothelial cells -Louse restricted to humans |
|
Ehrlicia and Anaplasma environemnt
|
-obligate intracellular
-scavenge ATP -Forms inclusion bodies |
|
Ehrlicia and Anaplasma mechanism
|
-replicate in phagosome
-inhibit phagolysomal fusion -in leukocytes (causes inflamatory response which drags leukocytes in and infects them) |
|
Ehrlicia and Anaplasma symptoms
|
-Symtpoms like RMSF
|
|
Ehrlicia and Anaplasma spread
|
-spread through *dogs* and ticks
|
|
Ehrlicia and Anaplasma diagnose
|
-*inclusion bodies
-DNA probe - |
|
Ehrlicia and Anaplasma treatment
|
doxycycline
|
|
Coxiella burnetti environmnet
|
-intracellular, but stable in outsid eneviroment
|
|
Coxiella burnetti mechanism
|
-replicates in lysoosome of phagocytic cells
-stable in environmnet |
|
Coxiella burnetti symptoms
|
-Q-fever
- headache, pneumonia -hepatitis, Rash |
|
Coxiella burnetti spread
|
-cattle
-animals -**Can contract through dust because of its stability-inhalation - |
|
Coxiella burnetti diagnosis
|
- grow in acid
-antibody response |
|
Coxiella burnetti treatment
|
-vaccine
-tetracylcines |
|
Kleibsiella pneumoniae Environemnt
|
-IMViC test- differnetiates Kiebesella from E. Coli
-Globular capsulates Lactose fermenter |
|
Kleibsiella pneumoniae Symptoms
|
-*Opportunistic infection
-pneumonia -sepsis(second most cause behind E. Coli) -Lung necrosis -Bloody cough -UTI -High mortality |
|
Kleibsiella pneumoniae spread
|
- soil
food bourne human intestine |
|
Kleibsiella pneumoniae diagnosis
|
Rapid MIC
Serotype capsule |
|
Kleibsiella pneumoniae treatment
|
-Rapid durg resistant.
-treat with antipseudomonas |
|
Citrobacter, Proteus, Enterobacter, Seratia environment
|
-Gram negative
-bad odod -Highly motile - Nosocomial infections -causes UTI infections -*****urease****** -Swarming culture (highly motile) |
|
Chlamydia trachomatis environment
|
-single round inclusion
-Obligate intracellular -Scavenge ATP -NO PEPTIDOGLYCAN -Infects non-ciliated columnar, cuboidal, and transitional epithelial cells. |
|
Chlamydia trachomatis mechanism
|
-Elementary body
-form reticulate bodies which will form elementary bodies -Type three secretion system -Serovars D-K- most common--*Delayed type hypersensitivity *Can cause autoimmunity |
|
Chlamydia trachomatis symptoms
|
-inclusion conjunctivits
-occular trachoma -Urethritis, discharge -Neonatal conjunctivitis -PID in women -Inguinal lymphadenopathy |
|
Chlamydia trachomatis spread
|
human to human
|
|
Chlamydia trachomatis diagnose
|
-PCR
-Culture chick yolk - |
|
Chlamidyia Trachmotatis Treatment
|
-erythromycin
-Sulfanomides |
|
Chlamydia pneumonia environment
|
-multiple uniform inclsuions
-Obligate intracellular |
|
Chlamydia pneumonia mechanism
|
-may increase plaque development
-scavenge for ATP |
|
Chlamydia pneumonia symptoms
|
-Chronic bronchitis
-Sinusitis -Pneumonia -Exacerbated COPD -Stroke, arthritis -Heart disease |
|
Chlamydia pneumonia spread
|
Human-Human inhalation
Though to have a recent jump to humans Don't really try to diagnose due to normal flora contamination |
|
Chlamydia pneumonia diagnosis
|
Flourescent antibodies
|
|
Chlamydia pneumonia treatment
|
-Erythmicin
-Doxycyclin |
|
Chlamydia psittaci
|
-multiple inclusion bodies
-scavenge ATP -Exotic animals (koala) -Spontaneous abotiron |
|
H. Pylori Environmnet
|
-Urease +
-Microaerophilic |
|
H. Pylori mechanism
|
-acid inhibitory protein
-Superoxide dismutase -Flagellum -Heat shock protein |
|
H. Pylori Symptoms
|
-reduction of acid
-peptic ulcers -stomach cnacer |
|
H. Pylori diagnose
|
-urease breath test
-biopsy |
|
H. Pylori treatment
|
-metronidazole
-tetracylcine -proton pump inhibitors-Omeprazoele |
|
Campylobacter jejuni environment
|
-*microaerophilc
-Elevated CO2 -grow at 42 degrees cell -Urease + -Seasonal (camping in the warmer months) |
|
Campylobacter jejuni mechanism
|
-S protein-confers resistance to serum killing-C3b binding
-Invade M-cells -Ahydrochloric -Cytotoxin enterotoxin |
|
Campylobacter jejuni symptoms
|
*Most common cause of diarrhea
-gastroneteritis -Bactermia |
|
Campylobacter jejuni spread
|
-puppies
-food water |
|
Campylobacter jejuni diagnosis
|
***Low antibiotic media-because of resitance
*grow at CO2 levels and high temp * |
|
Campylobacter jejuni treatment
|
-self-limiting
-if real bad can use erythromycin |
|
Vibiro Cholera Environment
|
-facultative anaerobe
-in upper small bowl -El-Tor in humans -fermenter -Oxidase + |
|
Vibiro Cholera Mechanism
|
-Serotype 01/0139
-A-B toxin -Zonula occludens toxin -Coregulated Pillus Toxin -Hypchlorondria |
|
Vibiro Cholera symptoms
|
-cholera
-gastroenteritis -Diarrhea -fluid loss -Vomitting |
|
Vibiro Cholera spread
|
-Food bourne
-Shell fish -Water bourne |
|
Vibiro Cholera diagnosis
|
-Culture stool
-Dehydration -*Grows yellow on TCBS -Oxidase + |
|
Vibiro Cholera treatment
|
-self-limiting treat symptoms
-incur immunity -HERD imunity |
|
vibrio vulnificus
|
-Loves salt
-facultative anerobe -curved rod -H-antigen -Capsule -Shellfish -Highly infective-open wound exposure |
|
vibrio vulnificus diagnosis
|
-glucose fermenter
-Oxidase + -Culture wound |
|
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
|
-facultative anerobe
-Hemolytic cytotoxin, H-antigen, capsule -Diarrhea -Specicemia -Wound infection Shellfish |
|
Vibrio parahaemolyticus treament
|
-treat with doxycycline and fluoroquinolones
|
|
yersinia entercolitica environment
|
-Pschrophilic
-facultative anaerobe |
|
yersinia entercolitica mechanism
|
1. type three secretion system
2. Inhibition of phagocytosis and chemotaxis 3.Enterotoxin 4. Decrease NaCl reabsorption |
|
yersinia entercolitica symptoms
|
1. swelling of lymph nodes
2. gastroenteritis 3. chronic acute diarrhea 4. pain/swelling abdomen |
|
yersinia entercolitica spread
|
1. food bourne
2. blood 3. animal contact 4. feces |
|
yersinia entercolitica diagnosis
|
1. stool culutre
2. cold enrichment w/ salt |
|
yersinia entercolitica treatment
|
1. self-limited
2. used broad spectrum antibiotics |
|
Yersinia pestis environment
|
-coccobacilli
-motile at 37 degrees -Bipolar staining -club shaped - |
|
Yersinia pestis mechanism
|
1. V and W antigens
2. Infection persists in macrophages 3. Pesticin: kills other bacteria 4. F1 capsular antigen |
|
Yersinia pestis symptoms
|
1. Bubonic and pneumonic plague
2. Tender inguinal lymph nodes 3. high fever |
|
Yersinia pestis spread
|
Rats/fleas
Aerosoles |
|
Yersinia pestis diagnosis
|
rapid culture
culture blood and buboe Urease and Ornithine negative |
|
Yersinia pestis treatment
|
streptomycin and gentamycin
|
|
Legionella pneumophila environment
|
1. Obligate aerobe
2. Needs iron 3. found in macrophages |
|
Legionella pneumophila mechanism
|
1. TYPE IV secretion system
2. Capsule 3. Endosome binds ER and becomes autosome; optimal environmnet for bacteria |
|
Legionella pneumophila symptoms
|
1.legionaires disease- pneumonia, diarrhea, chills, headache
2. Pontiac Fever- flu-like, mild fever |
|
Legionella pneumophila spread
|
1. Water and mist
|
|
Legionella pneumophila diagnosis
|
1. test urine for antigens
2. serology for Ig's |
|
Legionella pneumophila treatment
|
1. macrolides and fluoroquinolones
|
|
Bordetella pertussis environment
|
1. Coccobacilli
2. obligate aerobe 3. Delicate, fastidious 4. grown on blood agar |
|
Bordetella pertussis mechanism
|
1. hemolysis in virulent phase
2. Ptx-AB toxin- causes ribosyltrasnferase and increase cAMP. 3. actually kills the cilia |
|
Bordetella pertussis symptoms
|
1. paroxysmal-whooping
2. Catarrhal- flu-like, highly contagious 3. recovery-occurs when cough subsides |
|
Bordetella pertussis spread
|
inhalation
|
|
Bordetella pertussis diagnosis
|
-PCR confirmation
-nasopharyngeal swab -culture on Bordet agar and Ampicillin. |
|
Bordetella pertussis treatment
|
1. Tdap
2.FHA 3. Erythromycin, tetracyclines, or chlorophenicol |
|
Brucella environment
|
1. Facultative intracellular
2. Aerobic (CO2) |
|
Brucella mechanism
|
1. invade and multiply in macrophages
2. Granulamatous response 3. spread through reticuloendothelial tissue 4. destroy autophagosomes 5. STD in cattle, placenta, breast |
|
Brucella symptoms
|
1. Brucellosis
2. Undulant fever 3. Achy, low grade fever 4.Focal bone and joint lessions 5. Abortions in animals |
|
Brucella spread
|
1. Cows, pigs, goat
2. unpasteurized milk |
|
Brucella diagnosis
|
1. individuals history
2. bone marrow culture 3. DHT skin test |
|
Brucella Treatment
|
1. segration from cattle
2. Cattle vaccination 3. 6 weeks of antibiotics |
|
francisella tularensis environment
|
1. Obligate aerobe
2. facultative intracellular |
|
francisella tularensis mechanism
|
1. occuloglandular-enters conjunctiva
2. Ulceroglandular- enters through the skin 3. Pneumonic- pneumonia with sepsis-worst one 4. inhibition of phagolysosome |
|
francisella tularensis symtpoms
|
1. typhoid-like disease
2. TULAREMIA 3. Papules and lymphadenopathy 4. persists in lymph nodes and high rate or mortality |
|
francisella tularensis spread
|
1. Ticks
2. Deerflies 3. Rabbits |
|
francisella tularensis diagnosis
|
1. PCR for rapid diagnosis
2. grown in chick embryos 3. Require cysteine in culture |
|
francisella tularensis treatment
|
1. vaccine available but barely used
2. treat with gemtamycin and streptomycin |
|
Moraxella Catharrhalis environment
|
1. Oxidase positive
2. Upper/lower RT 3. Mainly in children 4. Ampicillin resistnat |
|
Moraxella Catharrhalis mechanism
|
1. only in humans
2. normal respiratory flora |
|
Moraxella Catharrhalis symptoms
|
1. ottisits media
2. sinusitis 3. conjunctivitis 4. pneumonia |
|
Moraxella Catharrhalis spread
|
inhalation
|
|
Moraxella Catharrhalis diagnosis
|
1. Oxidase positive
2. culture |
|
Moraxella Catharrhalis treatment
|
1. Fluoroquinolones
2. 3rd gen. Cephalosporins 3. Erythromycin |
|
Neisseria Meningitidis environment
|
1. Diplococci (MNN)
2. Aerobic 3. Nasopharyngeal carriage 4. Iron scavenger |
|
Neisseria Meningitidis mechanism
|
1. crosses BBB
2. antiphagocytic capsule 3. IgA protease 4. pilli |
|
Neisseria Meningitidis symptoms
|
1. Preceeded by pneumonia
2. meningitis 3. fever 4. sepsis |
|
Neisseria Meningitidis spread
|
1. Aerosol
|
|
Neisseria Meningitidis diagnosis
|
1. Blood CSF
2. Sputum 3. Ferments glucose and maltose 4. Culture on chocalte agar. |
|
Neisseria Meningitidis treatment
|
1. adjuvant vaccine
2. Corticosteroids 3. 3rd genreation cephalopsonins-cefatriaxone and cefazidine. |
|
Neisseria gonorrheae environment
|
-Aerobic
-GU tract -Anorectal system -iron scavenger |
|
Neisseria gonorrheae mechanism
|
1. LOS
2. Pilli 3. IgA protease 4. Porins |
|
Neisseria gonorrheae symptoms
|
1. PID
2. Urethral discharge 3. Neonatal blindness 4. similar to chlamydia |
|
Neisseria gonorrheae diagnosis
|
1. urethral/cervical smears
2. Glucose fermenter3. Immunoflourescence |
|
Neisseria gonorrheae treatment
|
1. ceftriaxone
2. Fluoroquinolone 3. Azithromycin |