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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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This bacteria contains sterols and have no cell wall.
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Mycoplasma
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This bacteria contains mycolic acid. High lipid content.
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Mycobacteria
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Bugs that don't stain well? (6 of them)
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Treponema
rickettsia Mycobacteria Mycoplasma Legionella pneumophila Chlamydia (These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color) |
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How are Neisseria species differentiated?
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On basis of sugar fermentation:
MeninGococci: Maltose, Glucose Gonococci: Glucose |
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What bug produces blue-green pigment?
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Pseudomonas AERUGInosa
(AERUGula is green) |
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Which bug is coagulase -, novobiocin sensitive?
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S. epidermidis
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Which bug is coagulase -, novobiocin resistant?
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S. saprophyticus (UTIs in sexually active women)
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Which bacteria is Beta-hemolytic and bacitracin sensitive?
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Group A Strep (S. pyogenes)
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Which bacteria is beta-hemolytic and bacitracin resistant?
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Group B Strep (S. agalactiae)
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Which bacteria is alpha-hemolytic and quellung +, optochin sensitive, and bile soluble?
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S. pneumoniae
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Which bacteria is alpha-hemolytic, has no capsule, is optochin resistant, and not bile soluble?
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Viridans streptococci (S. mutans)
Mnemonic: OVRPS: Optochin -- Viridans is Resistant; Pneumonia is Sensitive |
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Which bacteria are gamma-hemolytic?
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Enterococcus (used to be Group D strep) and Peptostreptococcus
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Obligate aerobes?
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Nocardia
Pseduomonas aeruginosa Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacillus (Nagging Pests Must Breathe) |
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Obligate anaerobes?
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Actinomyces
Bacteroides Clostridium (Anaerobes know their ABCs) |
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Facultative Intracellular bugs?
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Salmonella
Neisseria Brucella Mycobacterium Listeria Francisella Legionella Yersinia (Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLY) |
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Encapsulated bacteria?
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus inflenzae (esp B serotype) N. meningitidis Klebsiella pneumoniae |
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Acquired by ingestion of unpasteurized milk/cheese or by vaginal transmission during birth.
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Listeria monocytogenes
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Gram-positive weakly acid-fast aerobe in soil that causes pulmonary infections in immunocompromised patients.
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Nocardia
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Forms yellow "sulfur granules" in sinus tracts.
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Actinomyces israelii
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Gram positive anaerobe that causes oral/facial abscesses that may drain through sinus tracts in skin. Part of normal oral flora.
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Actinomyces israelii
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Causes epiglottitis, meningitis, otitis media, and pneumonia.
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HaEMOPhilus influenzae
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Red currant jelly sputum. Pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics. Bug?
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Klebsiella
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Fever, diarrhea, headache, rose spots on abdomen. Disease and bug?
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Typhoid fever, Salmonella typhi
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Transmission is via Food, Finger, Feces, and Flies.
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Shigella
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Transmission from pet feces (e.g, puppies), contaminated milk, or pork. Outbreaks common in daycare centers.
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Yersinia enterocolitica
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Infection with this bug can mimic Crohn's or appendicitis.
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Yersinia enterocolitica
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Reheated rice -> food poisoning. Bug?
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Bacillus cereus
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Contaminated seafood. Bug?
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Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus
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Wound infections from contact w/ contaminated water or shellfish. Bug?
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Vibrio vulnificus
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Reheated meat dishes -> food poisoning. bug?
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Clostridium perfringens
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Food poisoning due to undercooked meat. Bug?
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E. coli 0157:H7
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Food poisoning due to poultry, meat, and eggs. Bug?
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Salmonella
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This toxin permanently disables Gi, causing whooping cough.
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Pertussis toxin
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This toxin includes a factor that is itself an adenylate cyclase.
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Bacillus anthracis toxin, includes edema factor which is an adenylate cyclase that incr. cAMP.
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Aerobic gram - rod, non-lactose fermenting, oxidase positive. Bug?
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Water source and blue-green pigment. Bug?
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Associated with wound and burn infections. Bug?
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Pleomorphic gram-variable rod that causes vaginosis (off-white/gray vaginal discharge with fishy smell; non-painful)
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Gardnerella vaginalis.
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Fever, night sweats, weight loss. Disease?
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TB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
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Classic triad of headache, fever, and rash (vasculitis). Bug?
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Rickettsiae
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Atypical rickettsia that is transmitted by aerosol and causes pneumonia (versus arthropod vector)
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Coxiella burnetti
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Q fever. Bug?
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Coxiella burnetti
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Palm and sole rash. What three infections come to mind?
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (R. rickettsii), Syphilis (T. pallidum), Coxsackievirus A infection (hand, foot, and mouth disease)
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Name the spirochetes (3).
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Borrelia
Leptospira Treponema (BLT, B is big) Only Borrelia can be visualized using aniline dyes in light microscopy. |
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Argyll Robertson pupil.
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Tertiary syphilis
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spaghetti and meatball appearance on KOH prep. Organism?
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Malassezia furfur (causes Tinea versicolor)
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Mold w/ septate hyphae that branch at V-shaped (45 degree) angle.
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Aspergillus fumigatus
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Fungus that is cultured on Sabouraud's agar and stains w/ Inida ink.
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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Mold w/ irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles (>= 90 degrees).
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Mucor
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Dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation. When traumautically introduced into skin, often via thorn ("rose gardener's" disease), causes local pustule or ulcer w/ nodules along draining lymphatics (ascending lymphangitis).
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Sporothrix schenckii (Sporotrichosis)
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Which two forms of plasmodium cause relapsing malaria?
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P. Ovale and Vivax (OVer and OVer again)
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Appears as "Maltese cross" on blood smear.
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Babesia (Babesiosis -- fever and hemolytic anemia, mostly in NE United States)
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Brain cysts, seizures.
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Taenia solium (cysticercosis)
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Liver cysts.
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Echinococcus granulosus
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B12 deficiency
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Diphyllobothrium latum
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Biliary tract disease.
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Clonorchis sinensis
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Hemoptysis
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Paragonimus westermani
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Portal hypertension
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Schistosoma mansoni
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Hematuria, bladder cancer
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Schistosoma haematobium
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Microcytic anemia
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Ancylostoma, Necator
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Perianal pruritis
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Enterobius
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Monospot test used to detect which bug?
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EBV -- causes mono. Heterophil antibody test detected via agglutination of sheep RBCs (Ab against EBV x-react and agglutinate sheep RBCs).
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Associated w/ development of Hodgkin's and endemic Burkitt's lymphoma.
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EBV
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What are the Picornaviruses (5)?
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Poliovirus
Echovirus Rhinovirus Coxsackievirus HAV (PERCH on a "peak" (pico)) |
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High fever, black vomitus, and jaundice. Councilman bodies (acidophilic inclusions) may be seen in liver. Bug?
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Yellow fever virus (flavivirus; also an arbovirus). Flavi = yellow.
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What are the Paramyxoviruses?
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Parainfluenza (croup)
RSV Measles, Mumps (PaRaMMyxovirus) |
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Dominant normal flora in nose?
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S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
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Dominant normal flora in dental plaque?
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Streptococcus mutans
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Dominant normal flora in colon?
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Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
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Dominant normal flora in vagina?
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Lactobacillus, colonized by E. coli and group B strep.
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Common cause of pneumonia in neonates (< 4 weeks)?
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Group B strep
E. coli |
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Common cause of pneumonia in children (4 weeks - 18 years)?
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Viruses (RSV)
Mycoplasma Chlamydia pneumoniae Streptococcus pneumoniae (Runts May Cough Sputum) |
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Common cause of pneumonia in adults (18 - 40 years)?
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Mycoplasma
Chlamydia pneumoniae S. pneumoniae (same as children w/o viruses) |
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Common cause of pneumonia in adults (40-65 years)?
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S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae Anaerobes Viruses Mycoplasma |
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Common cause of pneumonia in elderly?
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S. pneumoniae, viruses
anaerobes, H. influenzae Gram - rods |
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Common causes of atypical pneumoniae?
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Mycoplasma
Legionella Chlamydia viruses |
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Gram - rods covered by aminopenicillins?
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H flu
E coli Listeria Proteus Salmonella ... also Enterococci (ampicillin/amoxicillin HELPS kill Enterococci) |
