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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ziehl Neelson
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red: acid fast bacteria
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India ink
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cryptococcus
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Giemsa
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blood smears: cytoplasmic inclusions in epithelial cells --> Chlamydia
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PAS
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glycogen, mucopolysaccharides
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Prussian blue
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iron
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Congo red
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amyloid
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Osmic acid
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electron microscopy
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endocarditis s/p dental procedure
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Strep viridans
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teichoic acid
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outer layer gram (+) cell wall
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lipopolysaccharide
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outer layer gram (-) cell wall = endotoxin
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bacteria c/ cholesteol in membrane
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mycoplasma (no cell wall)
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bacteria c/ mycolic acid in cell wall
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mycobacteria (resists decoloration of gram stain)
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dipicolinic acid
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keratin coat on spores => resists heat, dehydration, chemicals
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alpha toxin
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staph aureus => hemolysis, necrosis, cell death; Clostridium perfrongens => lecitininase that causes gas gangrene
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Lancefield antigens
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on strep. Determine group and correlate c/ pathogenicity
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Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
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Meningococcus
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Meningitis in infant 6-24 mo
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Meningococcus
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fried rice poisoning
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bacillus anthracis
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diptheria
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corynebacterium
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Risus sardonicus
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tetanus: fixed smile, elevated eyebroes
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Meningitis in neonate
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E coli
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Food poisoning: poultry, 1-2 day incubation
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Salmonella
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enteric fever
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typhoid, parathyphoid. Salmonella thyphi. 10-14 day incubation
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Dysentery
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Shigella dysenteriae. Watery diarreha --> bloody stool, cramping. Worse than S. flexneri, boydii, sinnei.
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Ammonium calculi
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Proteus UTI (urease production)
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Weil-Felix reaction
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Proteus Ag's cross-react c/ anti-rickettsial Ab's
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K-antigen
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capsule
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H-antigen
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flagella
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O-antigen
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surface
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gram (-) abdominal infection
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bacteroides fragilis
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rice water diarrhea
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Vibrio cholera (comma-shaped)
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diarrhea s/p raw seafood
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Vibrio parahaemolyticus
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watery, foul stool --> bloody
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Campylobacter jejuni (curved rod)
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MALT lyphoma
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H. pylori (urease (+))
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H. pylori tx
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metronidazole + tetracycline + bismuth
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bubonic plague
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yersinia pestis (large, tender lymph nodes) => streptomycin, tetracycine
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dog, cat bite
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Pasteurella => pen G
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undulating fever (gram (-) bacillus)
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Brucella => tetracycline, gentamycin
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tularemia
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Francisella => streptomycin
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Chancroid
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Haemophilus ducreyi
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bronchitis, meningitis (gram (-) bacillus)
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Haemophilus influenza
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Whooping cough
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Bordatella (pertussis toxin)_
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Atypical pneumonia , no cold aggutinins (gram (-) bacillus)
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Legionella
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Pneumonia s/p stagnant water
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Legionella (aerobe)
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Ayprical pneumonia, (+) cold aggutinins
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mycoplasma (no cell wall)
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Lump jaw s/p tooth extraction
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Actinomyces => penicillin
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Sulfur granules
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Actinomyces => penicillin
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Pulmonary infection s/p dust/soil inhalation
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Nocardia
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Subcutaneous tissue infection s/p minor outdoor trauma
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Nocardia
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Lyme disease
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Borrelia burgfdorfei => doxycycline, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin
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Relapsing fever (s/p louse or tick bite)
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Borrelia recurrentis (Ag's undergo changes)
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Leptospitosis
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L. interrogans (uremia, jaundice, hemorrhage, fever) => pen G
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Sewers, rat urine
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L. interrogans
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Cell wall s/ peptidoglycan
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Chlamydia
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Inhalation @ slaughterhouse
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Q fever = Coxiella burnetii
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Trench fever
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R. quintana
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Erytema infectiousum (5th dz)
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B19 = a Parvovirus. Slapped cheeks
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Aypical oneumonia (DNA virus)
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Adenovirus (also conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, hemorrhagic cystitis)
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Smallpox
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Variola
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Hep B
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HBV = a hepadnavirus
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Herpes virus: vesicles, pustules, and crusts
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VZV
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Herpes virus: same stage of all lesions
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Smallpox
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measles
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Rubeola = a paramyxovirus
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German measles
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Rubella = a Togavirus
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Yellow fever, Dengue fever
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Flavivirus
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Subactute sclerosing panencephalitis
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measles virus = Rubeola
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Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
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JC virus
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Adult T-cell leukemia
virus type pathogenesis |
HTLV 1 = oncovirus * Activates existing protoconcogenes = c-onc --> malignant transformation
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gp41
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in HIV env gene. Protein mediates cell fusion.
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gp120
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in HIV env gene. Protein binds CD4 receptor, mutates rapidly
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gag
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Encodes HIV core capsid protein = p24 = serologic marker
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p24
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HIV core capsid protein = serologic marker
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pol
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encodes HIV rev transcriptase, integrase, protease
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tat
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regulatory part of HIV genome, increases transcription rate, supresses synthesis of MHC1 proteins
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Farmer's lung
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aspergillus (mold)
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Pneumonia, meningitis (yeast)
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Cryptococcus
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Desert rheumatism (dimorphic fungus)
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Coccidiodes
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Resp tract infection (dimorphic fungus)
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Blastomyces
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Pulmonary infection (dimorphic fungus)
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Histoplasma
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Blastoconidia, pseudohyphae
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yeast: asexual reproduction
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Arthroconidia, Chlamydioconidia
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Mold: asexual reproduction
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Ascospores
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Yeast: sexual reproduction
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Basidiospores, Zygospres
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Mold: sexual reproductoin
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Yeast in macrophages
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Histoplasma
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Broad-based bud c/ double refractory wall
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Bastomucosis
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Pseudohyphae, germ tubes
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Candida
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V-shaped mold
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aspergillus (mold)
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Mississippi river, humid soil, progressive pulm dz like TB
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Histoplasma
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Valley fever, AZ, NV, NM
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Coccidioidomycosis
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Malaria: fever q48h, latent liver forms, common
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Vivax.
LIVES in liver |
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Malaria: fever q48h, latent liver forms, rare
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Ovale
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Malaria: fever q48h, most severe, banana-shaped gametocytes, no trophozoites or schizonts
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Falciparum
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Malaria: fever q72h. No latent liver forms.
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Malariae
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Protozoa: sudden fever, dyspnea, tachypnea. Immunocomp. Probably a fungus
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Pneumocystis carinii => TMP/SMX, pentamidine
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Protozoa: cysts invade gut wall --> mucles, brain. Congenital defects. Cat poo, undercooked pork
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Toxoplasma gondii => sulfonamide in 1st trimester; sulfonamide-pyrimethamine otherwise
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Chagas
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Trypsanoma cruzi => nifurtimox
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Sleeping sickness
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Trypsanoma rhodesiense, gambiense (tetse fly) => suramin, melarsoprol
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Espundia
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mucocutaneous ulcers. Leishmania brasilensis => sodium stibogluconate
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Kala azar, "black sickness" (GI bleed)
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Leishmania donovani => sodium stibogluconate
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Cutaneous lesimaniasis = red papule, satellites, ulcerations
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Lesimania mexicana, tropica => sodium stibogluconate
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Protozoa: liver abcesses, sexual tranmission, cysts c/ 4 nuclei, bloody mucousy diarrhea
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Entamoeba histolytica => metronidazole
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Protozoa: excystation in duodenum, non-bloody foul diarrhea, cyst c/ 4 nucleii, tropozoite c/ 2 nuclei + 4 pair flagellaGiardia lamblia => metronidazole
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Protozol: severe diarrhea in immunocomp pt, excystation in sm intestine, tropozoites don't invade gut wall
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Cryptosporidium => no tx
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Protozoa: 1 nucleus, 4 flagella, undulating membrane
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Trichimonas => metronidazole
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Fluke: raw fish. Settles in liver --> bile stones, obstruction, bile duct carcinoma
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Clonorchis sinensis
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Fluke: crab meat. Lung --> eosinophilic inflammation
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Cestode: dog poo c/ eggs --> cysts in liver, lung, brain
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Enchinococcus
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Cestode: human poo c/ eggs --> cysticerci in brain and eyes
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Taenia solium => nicloamide
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Cestode: pork c/ larvae --> intestine
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Taenia solium => nicloamide
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Nematode: worm in colon, larvae in lung
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Ascaris
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Nematode: perianal pruritis
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Enterobius
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Nematode: larvae cysts in striated muscle
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Trichinella (pork)
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Nematode: larva penetrate skin --> lung
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Strongyloides
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Nematode: bug bite --> microfilariar in blood, worm in lymph nodes
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Wuchereria
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Nematode: river blindness. Microfilariae in subcutaneous tissue, eye
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Onchocerca
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Cestode: beef c/ larvae --> intestine
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Taenia saginata => niclosamide
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Cestode: raw fish w/ larvae --> intestine
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D. latum => niclosamide
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Schistosoma mansoni: settles in veins of _
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Colon
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Schistosoma hematobium: settles in veins of _
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Small intestine
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Schistosoma japonicum: settles in veins of _
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Urinary bladder
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