Microbiology

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Produces a toxin that results in liver damage upon ingestion of wild mushrooms.

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AMANITA species.

Ingestion may result in life-threatening fulminant hepatitis, requiring liver transplant

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Produces the carcinogen aflatoxin and is a common contaminat of moldy nuts and grains.

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ASPERGILLUS FAVUS

Aflatoxins contrubute to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and act synergistically with HBV to promote carcinogenesis.

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Proliferation of this organism within the lung causes a "fungus ball" that must be removed surgically.

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ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS

Microscopically the organism grows as septate hyphae, branching at 45 degree angles.

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Although an opportunistic mycosis, it can cause hypersensitivity pneumonitis such as Farmer's lung.

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ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS

Resulting from inhalation of moldy hay.

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Systemic mycosis that begins as lower respiratory tract infection and may disseminate to cause warty-like skin lesions.

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BLASTOMYCES DERMATITIDIS

Results in granulomatous lung lesions similar to TB; may also result in skeletal and genitourinary manifestations.

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Systemic mycosis endemic to the southeastern US.

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BLASTOMYCES DERMATITIDIS

Fungi appears in infected tissue as yeast with broad based budding.

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Causes a cottage cheese-like vaginal discharge.

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CANDIDA ALBICANS

Predisposing factors include immunosuppression, diabetes, obesity, and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.

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Causes white curd-like patches on the mucocutaneous membranes of the outh and extend downward to cause esophagitis in immunocompromised pts.

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CANDIDA ALBICANS

In addition to causing thrush, C. albicans is a common cause of tinea unguium (nails) and diaper rash.

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Most common mycotic pathogen.

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CANDIDA ALBICANS

Although a yeast, it can form pseudohyphae in infected tissue and form characteristic germ tubes at 37 degrees C under laboratory conditions.

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Systemic mycosis endemic to the San Joaquin Valley in southern California.

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COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS

Causes "Valley Fever," characterized by arthralgias, cough and fever.

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Found within infected tissue as spherules that rupture to release endospores.

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COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS

Dimorphic fungi with contraction of infection by inhalation of arthrospores in sand and soil.

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The only mycotic pathogen with a capsule

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CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS

Visualized with an India ink test; capsule excludes ink, providing contrast.

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Causes meningitis in pts with underlying immunodeficiency, especially AIDS.

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CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS

Associated with pegeon droppings, this fungus grows within the Virchow-robin vascular spaces of the brain resulting in "soap bubble lesions".

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Causes cutaneous infections such as tinea corporis, tinea cruris (jock itch), and tinea pedis (athlete's foot)

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DERMATOPHYTES

Typically caused by dermatophytes of the genera Trichophyton spp. and result in scaly hypo or hyperpigmented annular pruritic lesions.

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Associated with the inhalation of spores from bird or bat droppings in the Ohio and Mississippi River Valley.

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HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM

Histologically characterized by macrophages stuffed with numerous yeast cells.

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Most common pulmonary mycotic infection with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to TB like symptoms.

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HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM

In immunocompetent individuals, infection often resolves, with calcification of hilar lymph nodes.

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Causes tinea versicolor, which manifests as patches of hyper and hypopigmentation on the trunk.

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MALASSEZIA FURFUR

Found in skin scales and has a characteristic spaghetti and meatballs appearance (yeast clusters and short, curved septate hyphae)

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Most common cause of tinea captitis, ringworm of the scalp.

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MICROSPORUM CANIS

Common in prepubescent children with pets; the natural inhibitor of Microsporum Spp. growth, Undecylenic acid, is produced in the sebum of postpubertal individuals.

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Results in rhinocerebral disease, primarily in pts with diabetic ketoacidosis or leukemia.

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MUCOR AND RHIZOPUS species

Distinct from other human fungal pathogens in that these species cause disease in their sexual life cycle and display nonseptate hyphae branching at a 90 degree angle or wider.

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This organism grows as multiple budding yeasts that appear as a "captain's wheel" and causes disease almost exclusively in men.

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PARACOCCIDIOIDES BRAZILIENSE

This granulomatous lung disease occurs primarily in Central and South America, with > 90% of cases seen in males.

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Causes an alveolar pneumonia, typically in AIDS pts.

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PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII

Previously though to be a protozoa, this fungus causes a foamy, amorphous alveolar exudate and is seen as cup or boat shaped cysts (Flying saucers)upon staining with silver methenamine.

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Causes the most common subcutaneous mycosis, Rose handler's disease

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SPOROTHRIX SCHENCKII

Transmitted by the prick of a contaminated thorn; treated with a dilute solution of Potassium Iodide (KI)in milk.