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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do antimicrobial drugs work?
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They interfere with growth of microbes within a host
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What is the difference between antimicrobial drugs and disinfectants?
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Antimicrobial drugs must be inside a host organism to work (think about the difference between neosporin and pills).
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A substance produced by a microbe that, in small amounts, inhibits another microbe.
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What is antibiotic?
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Please identify the genus name of a gram-positive rod bacterium that produces antibodies.
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Bacillus
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Please identify the genus name of bacteria that produce antibodies.
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Streptomyces
Saccharopolyspora Micromonospora |
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Please identify the genus name of fungi that produce antibodies.
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Penicillium
Cephalosporium |
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What are the five actions of antimicrobial drugs?
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Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Inhibition of protein synthesis Inhibition of metabolic synthesis Damage to cellular membrane Inhibition of nucleic acid replication and transcription |
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Which antimicrobial drugs inhibit cell wall synthesis?
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Penicillins,
cephaolsporins, bacitracin, vancomycin |
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Which antimicrobial drugs inhibit protein synthesis?
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streptomycin
choloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracyclines |
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Which antimicrobial drugs inhibit the synthesis of essential metabolites (i.e. ribosomes)?
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Sulfanilamide, trimethoprim
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Which antimicrobial drugs damage the cellular membrane?
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polymyxin B
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Which antimicrobial drugs inhibit replication and transcription of nucleic acid?
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quinolones
rifampin |
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Which antimicrobial drug(s) change the shape of the 30S portion of a ribosome so that mRNA will be read incorrectly?
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Streptomycin
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Which antimicrobial drug(s) blinds to the 50S portion of a ribosome and inhibits the formation of peptide bonds?
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Chloramphenicol
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Which antimicrobial drug(s) interfere with the attachment of tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex?
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Tetracyclines
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What four actions will make microbes resistance to antibiotics?
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Blocking entry
Inactivating enzymes Efflux of antibiotic Alteration of target molecule |
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How do bacteria acquire resistance to antibodies?
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Transfer of genes/mutations
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Does bacteria mutate as a result of the overuse of antibiotic drugs?
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No
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Why do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
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Random events like gene transfers and mutations
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Why is an antimicrobial drug's selective toxicity important?
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Doctors only want to kill the pathogen, but not the host.
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What are the adverse effects of antimicrobial drugs?
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Allergies, toxicity, suppression of the normal flora (the equilibrium of microbes in a host)
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What does the suppression of the normal flora cause?
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Another infection, usually by a different microbe. When an antimicrobial drug kills everything in a host, different microbes can thrive better and cause infections.
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What is a narrow-spectrum antimicrobial drug?
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One that kills only specific microbes
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What is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial drug?
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One that kills a wide array of microbes
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What are the two actions that antimicrobial drugs can perform?
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-stat and -cid (bacteriostatic/bactericidal)
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