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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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secreted from cell:
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exotoxin
-polypeptide certin gram+ and gram- bacteria |
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tetanus, botulism, diptheria are examples of _________
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exotoxins
high toxicity (fatal dose of 1 ug) highly antigenic toxoids used as vaccines |
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cell wall of most gram- bacteria and Listeria, not secreted from cell.
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endotoxin
-lipopolysaccharide -low toxicity -poorly antigenic -fever, shock |
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alpha toxin causues gas gangrene; get double zone of hemolysis on blood agar
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clostridium perfringens
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blocks the release of acetylcholine; CNS paralysis; spores found in canned food; honey
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Clostridium botulinum
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Organisms that have IgA proteases that allow organisms to colonize mucosal surfaces (4):
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Strep pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis N. gonorrhoeae H. influenzae |
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organism that is catalase +, coagulase -, and novobiocin R:
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Staphylococcus saprophyticus
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Organism that is catalase +, coagulase -, and novobiocin S:
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Staph epidermidis
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2 organisms that are alpha hemolytic:
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Strep pneumoniae
Viridans strep |
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Catalase neg, alpha hemolysis, optochin S, bile soluble:
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Strep pneumoniae
+ Quellung (capsule) |
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Catalase neg, alpha hemolysis, optochin R, NOT bile soluble:
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Viridans strep
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Catalase neg, beta hemolytic, bacitracin S:
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Group A strep: Strep pyogenes
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Catalase neg, beta hemolytic, bacitracin R:
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Group B Strep: Strep agalactiae
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Gram + Rods:
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Clostridium (anaerobe)
Bacillus Listeria Corynebacterium |
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Gram - cocci (2 organisms):
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria meningitidis (maltose fermenter) |
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Gram - coccoid rods (4 organisms):
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Haemolphilus influenzae
Pasteurella (animal bites) Brucella Bordetella pertussis |
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Gram - rod, lactose nonfermenter, oxidase +:
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pseudomonas
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Gram - rod, lactose nonfermenter, oxidase neg (3 organisms):
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Shigella
Salmonella Proteus |
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gram - rod, fast lactose fermenter (3 organisms):
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E. coli
Klebsiella Enterobacter |
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gram - rod, slow lactose fermenter (2 organisms):
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Citrobacter
Serratia Others |
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Factor V is:
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NAD
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Factor X is:
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hematin
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H. influenzae media:
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Chocolate agar w/ X & V factors
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N. gonorrhoeae media:
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Thayer-Martin (VCN) agar
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B. pertussis media:
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Bordet-Gengou (potato) agar
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C. diphtheria media:
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Tellurite plate
Loffler's medium blood agar |
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M. tuberculosis media:
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Lowenstein-Jensen agar
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Legionella media:
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charcoal yest extract buffered w/ increased iron and cysteine
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Fungi media:
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sabouraud's agar
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obligate intracellular bugs (2):
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Chlamydia & Rickettsia
Can't make own ATP |
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Encapuslated bacteria (4)
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Strep pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae neisseria meningitidis Klebsiella pneumoniae |
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tumbling motility, meningitis in newborns, unpasteurized milk, beta hemolytic:
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Listeria monocytogenes
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rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis, pharyngitis, impetigo, scarlet fever, & toxic shock syndrome are caused by what organism:
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Group A strep
Streptococcus pyogenes -Bacitracin sensitive -Antibody to M protein enhances host defense |
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most common cause of meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia, sinusitis:
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strep pneumoniae
optochin sensitive associated w/ rusty sputum |
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enterococci can/can't grow in 6.5% NaCl.
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can grow in 6.5% NaCl
Group D cannot grow in 6.5% NaCl |
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Viridans strep are _________ to optochin.
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resistant to optochin
"not afriad of the chin" live in the mouth/optochin resistant cause dental caries and subacute bacterial endocarditis |
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Woolsorters' disease-inhalation of spores from contaminated wool (organism):
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bacillus anthrasis
gram+ spore-forming rod black painless skin lesions |
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a gram + and weakly acid-fast aerobe in soil that causes pulmonary infection in immunocompromised patients:
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Nocardia asteroides
long branching filaments resembling fungi |
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gram - cocci, no capsule, no maltose fermentation, no vaccine, causes gonorrhea, septic arthritis, neonatla conjunctivitis and PID:
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Neisseria gonococci
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gram - cocci, capsule, maltose fermentation, vaccine, causes meningococcemia and meningitis, Waterhouse-Fridericksen syndrome
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Neisseria meningococci
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Factor V is:
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NAD
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Factor X is:
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Hematin
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The _______ (H) antigen is found in motile species of Enterobacteriaceae
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flagellar antigen (H)
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The capsular (K) antigen is related to the ________ of the bug (Enterobacteriaceae)
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virulence
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All species of Enterobacteriaceae have _______ (O) antigen which is the polysaccharide of endotoxin).
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somatic (O) antigen
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Lastose-Fermenting enteric bacteria (4):
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Klebsiella
E. coli Enterobacter Citrobacter Lactose is KEE |
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Salmonella is _______ and can invade futher and disseminate hematogenously.
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motile (salmon swim)
Salmonella has an animal reservoir Non-lactose fermenter, invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea |
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Shigella is more/less virulent than Salmonella.
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Shigella is MORE virulent than Salmonella
Transmitted via Food, Finger, Feces, and Flies Non-lactose fermenter, invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea |
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all species of enterobacteriaceae ferment ________ and are ______ negative.
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ferment glucose and are oxidase negative
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organism found in reheated meat dishes
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Clostridium perfringens
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comma or S-shaped organism; growth at 42 degrees C; bloody diarrhea; oxidase positive:
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Campylobacter
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rice water stools; comma-shaped organism:
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Vibrio cholerae
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Gram-negative rod (gram stains poorly); grow on charcoal yest extract w/ iron and cysteine; aerosol transmission from environomental water source habitat; no person-to-person transmission
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Legionella pneumophila
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aerobic gram-neg rod; non-lactose fermenting; oxidase positve, blue-green pigment
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
burn victims & water |
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces _________ pigment.
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pyocyanin pigment (blue-green)
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disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi:
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Lyme disease
Trasmitted by Ixodes ticks that live on deer and mice |
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Disease caused by Brucella:
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Brucellosis/Undulant fever
Trasmitted by dairy products, contact with animals |
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Transmission of Francisella tularensis
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tick bite; rabbits; deer
Causes Tularemia |
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Disease caused by Pasteurella multocida:
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Cellulitis
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Transmission of Pasteurella multocida:
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animal bite from cat/dog
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Transmission of Yersinia pestis:
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flea bite; rodents (especially prarie dogs)
Plague |
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Brucella is transmitted by:
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dairy products; contact w/ animals
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a pleomorphic, gram-variable rod that causes vaginosis-green vaginal discharge w/ fishy smell
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Gardnerella vaginalis
Mobiluncus (anaerobe) is also involved Clue cells (vaginal epithelial cells covered w/ bacteria) are visable under microscope |
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Leprosy is caused by what organism:
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Mycobacterium leprae
acid-fast bacillus that likes cool temperatures and cannot be grown in vitro! reservoir in US armadillos |
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The two forms of Chlamydiae are:
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1. Elementary body: (small,dense) enters cell via endocytosis
2. Reticulate Body: replicates in cell by fission |
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Types A, B, and C of Chlamydia trachomatis cause:
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african blindness, chronic infection
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Types D-K of Chlamydia trachomatis cause:
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urethritis/PID, ectopic pregnancy, neonatal pneumonia, or neonatal conjunctivitis
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Types L1-3 of Chlamydia trachomatis cause:
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lymphogranuloma venereum
acute lymphadenitis-positive Frei test |
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Spirochetes are spiral-shaped bacterial w/ axial filaments and include _______, ________, & ________.
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Borrelia (big size), Leptospira, and Treponema
BLT! |
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Lyme disease caused by Borrelia burdgoferi displays the classical symptom of:
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an expanding bull's eye red rash with central clearing
also affects CNS, joints and heart Can develop Bell's Palsy |
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What causes syphillis?
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Treponema pallidum
1. presents w/ painless chancre 2. disseminated disease w/ rash on soles and palms 3. neurosyphilis |
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The test for syphilis that is most specific, earliest positive, and remains positive the longest is:
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FTA-ABS
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The FTA-ABS is positive:
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in an active infection and successfully treated infection
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The VDRL is positive:
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in an active infection and can be a false positive.
Negative after successful treatment |
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VDRL detects nonspecific antibdoy that reacts with ______ _______________.
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beef cardiolipin
biologic false postives include: 1. viral infection (mono/hepatitis) 2. drugs 3. rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis 4. Lupus & Leprosy |
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Coccidioidomycosis is seen in what location?
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Southwest US, California
Spherule filled with endospores |
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Histoplasmosis is seen in what location?
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Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys
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Bird or Bat Droppings transmit what systemic mycoses?
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Histoplasmosis
Intracellular (tiny yeast inside macrophages) |
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Paracoccidioidomycosis is endemic to what location?
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Rural latin america
Captian's Wheel appearance |
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Blastomycosis is endemic to what location?
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East of Mississsippi River and Central America
Big, Broad-Based, budding yeast |
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tinea versicolor is caused by _______ _______.
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Malassezia furfur
causes hypopigmented skin lesions |
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tinea nigra is caused by _______ _______.
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Cladosporium werneckii
infection of keratinized layer of skin---brownish spot |
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opportunistic fungus found in pigeon droppings?
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Cryptococcus neoformans
heavily encapsulated yeast stains with india ink |
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mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles (>90)
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mucor and rhizopus
disease mostly seen in ketoacidotic diabetic and leukemic patients |
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mold with sepate hyphae that branch at a V-shape (45) angle. Not dimorphic.
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Aspergillus fumigatus
fungus ball (lung cavity aspergilloma) allergic bronchopulmonary aspergiillosis |
