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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the spore forming Bacteria
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Bacillus
Clostridium |
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name the unique molecule associated with spore forming bacteria? (function?)
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calcium dipicolinate (aids in dehydrating the spore)
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name the non-motile GPR
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C. Diptheria
Nocardia Clostridium perfingens (ALL other Clostridia are motile) B. Anthracis |
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Name the acid fast organisms
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-Mycobacterium
-Nocardia (partially AF) - Cryptosporidium oocysts |
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Name the major encapsulated organisms (include mnemonic)
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- Strept. Pneumo
- Klebsiella " " -H. Flu - N. Meningitidis -Cryptococcus Neoformans (Some Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules) |
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Describe the B. Anthracis capsule
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a poly D-glu capsule (IE: the ONLY bacteria with polypeptide capsule)
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name the E. Coli strain associated with a capsule
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K1 (meningeal strain)
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Describe the group A strept capsule (Composition and function)
Is it immunogenic? |
a hyaluronic acid capsule that plays an antiphagocytic role.
It is NOT immunogenic |
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Significance of the Salmonella typic capsular antigen
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it increases virulence
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Name the biofilm producers (and their associated pathology)
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Staph. epidermidis (cath. related ifns)
Streptococcus mutans (dental caries) |
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name the most important pigment producing bacteria
what color? |
Psuedomonas aeruginosa
blue-green |
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Name the pigmnts associated with Pseudomonas
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-pyocyanin
-fluorescein |
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Serratia is associated with what color pigment
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red
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Staph. A. is associated with what color pigment
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yellow
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C. Diptheriae is associated with what pigment
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gray-black
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name the general types of pigment producing mycobacterium
associated color? |
photochromagenic and scotochromagnic
yellow and orange |
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What organism is associated with metachromatic staining?
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Corynebactrium
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Word association:
Lancet-shaped diplococci |
Strept. Pneumo
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Word association:
Kidney bean-shaped diplococci (associated gram stain) |
Neisseria (gram neg)
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Word association:
Gull wing bacteria |
Campylobacter (although H. Pylori has also been described as such)
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Word association:
bipolar staining |
Yersinia pestis
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Name the virus associated with Negri bodies (location of said bodies)
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Rabies
(intracytoplasmic) |
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Name the virus associated with intracytoplasmic acidophilic inclusions
(inclusions AKA) |
Poxviruses
(Guarnieri bodies) |
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Name the virus associated with Owl eye inclusions
(inclusion location) |
CMV
(intracytoplasmic AND intranuclear) |
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viruses associated with Syncytia (giant cells)
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HSV
VZV paramyxovirus RSV HIV |
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name the microaerophilic bacteria
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Campylobacter
Helicobacter |
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Name the key aerobes
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Mycobacterium (hence their propensity for the lung apex)
Pseudomonas Bacillus |
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name the less important aerobes
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Nocardia
C. Diptheriae |
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name the key anaerobes
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Actinomyces (in contrast to Nocardia)
Bacteroides Clostridium |
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name the less important anaerobes
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Fusobacterium
Prevotella Eubacterium |
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name the aerotolerant anaerobes
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Propionibacterium
lactobacillus |
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All Enterobacteria are Oxidase ______________
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negative
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All Nesseria are Oxidase ____________
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positive
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Urease positive organisms(mnemonic)
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(PUNCH)
Proteus Ureaplasma Cryptococcus Nocardia Helicobacter |
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name the pathology associated with urease positive UTI's
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struvite (staghorn) renal caliculi
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Catalase
function |
degrade Hydrogen peroxide
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Most anaerobes are Catalase _________
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negative
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what is the key to distinguishing Staph. and Strept. organisms?
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all staph. are catalase positive
all strept. are catalase negative |
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major pathology associated with Catalase + organisms
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recurrent and severe ifns in Chronic granulomatous disease
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Name the catalase + organisms
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Staph
Psuedomonas aeruginosa Candida Aspergillus Enterobacteriaceae |
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Kevin is _________
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brilliant, charming and handsome
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name the coagulase positive bacteria
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Staph A.
Yersinia pestis |
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bacterial pathogenic factors that are encoded on the chromosome
(mnemonic) |
Chloregan
Endotoxin Shiga Toxin (Chromosome Encoded Shit) |
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possible locations for bacterial pathogenic factors
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-bacterial chromosome
-plasmids - bacteriophage chromosome |
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most bacterial toxins and multiple drug rsistances are encoded on
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plasmids
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define lysogenic conversion
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modification of bacterial virulence by the stabl presence of phage DNA in the bacterial cell
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Key examples of plasmid encoded virulence factors/toxins
(mnemonic) |
Salmonella O antigen
Botox Erthrogenic toxin of GAS Dip. Toxin (OBED) |
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key examples of bacteria that undergo antigenic variation
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Gonococci (pili)
Borrelia recurrentis Trypanosomoa brucei |
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mech of Diptheria toxin
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ADP ribosylation of eEF2 ---> impaired protein synthesis
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mech of Tetanus toxin
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inhibition of release of inhibitory GABA and Glycine leading to tetany
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mech of Botox
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interaction with synaptobrevin impairs ACH release
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Cholera toxin mech
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ADP ribosylation of Gs leads to elevated cAMP and subsequent secretion
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ETEC toxin mech
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ADP ribosylation of Gs leads to elevated cAMP and subsequent secretion
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name the C. Diff. toxins
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Toxins A and B
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C. Diff. toxin mechs
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inhibition of protein synthesis and loss of intracellular K+
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toxins stable at 60 degrees C
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Staph A. enterotoxin
ST toxin of E. Coli Yersinia enterocolitica toxin |
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toxins stabl at 100 degrees C
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LPS
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name the important Pseudomonas exotoxins
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exotoxin A and S
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Pseudomonas exotoxin mech
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ADP-ribosylation of eEF2
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Pertussis toxin mech.
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ADP-ribosylation of Gi leading to increased cAMP
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what organism is classically associated with a "slime layer" (function)
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Psuedomonas
(anti-phagocytic) |
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organism that produces M protein (function)
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GAS
(anti-phagocytic) |
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organism that produces A protein (function)
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Staph. A.
(anti-phag) |
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What produces Lipoteichoic acid (function)
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all Gram +
(attachment to host cells) |
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Why are Gram + organisms (as opposed to gram neg) predominately associated with endocarditis?
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lipoteichoic acid allows adhesion to the valve.
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function of N. gonorrhoeae pili
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-antiphagocytic
- antigen variation |
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What organism produces Hyaluronidase? (function)
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GAS
(hydrolysis of Ground substance) |
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What organisms produce IgA proteases (function)
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Neisseria
Haemophilus Strpt. Pneumo |
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Organisms that express Collagenase
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Clostridium Perfringens
Prevotella |
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organisms that express kinases (function)
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Strept. and Staph.
(hydrolyis of fibrin) |
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what organism expresses Lecithinase (alpha toxin)
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C. perfringens
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What organisms express Heparinase
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B. fragilis
Prvotella |
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name the obligate intracellular pathogens
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All Rickettsiae
All Chlamydiaceae All viruses mycobacterium leprae some protozoa |
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name the obligate intracellular protozoa
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Plasmodium
Toxoplasma gondii Babesia Leishmania T. Cruzi |
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are there obligate intracellular fungi?
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no
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name the organisms that cannot be cultured but are extracellular
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T. Pallidum
PCP |
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name the facultative intracellular fungi
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Histoplasma
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name the facultative intracellular bacteria part 1
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MTB
non-TB mycobacteria Listeria monocytogenes Franscisella tularensis Brucella |
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name the facultative intracellular bacteria part 2
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S. typhi
Legionella pneumophilia Y. Pestis Nocardia Borrelia burgdorferi |
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name the KEY bacteria that have exclusively human reservoirs
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MTB
M. Leprae Shigella S. Typhi Rickettsia prowazekii |
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other bacteria with exclusively human reservoirs
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GAS
Neisseria C. Dip. pneumococcus T. pallidum Chlaymydophila trachomatis |
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organism associated with cat bites
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Pasteurella multocida
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Zoonotics
name the vibrio species associated with fish |
vibrio parahaemolyticus
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Zoonotics
name the vibrio species associated with oysters |
vibrio vulnificus
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name the zoonotic pathogen associated with birds and atypical pneumonia
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chlamydophila psittaci
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name the zoonotic organisms part 1
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B. anthracis
Salmonella Leptospira Borrelia |
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name the zoonotic organisms part 2
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Listeria
Brucells Francisella tularenis Yersina |
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name the zoonotics part 3
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Campylobacter
Rickttsia Coxiella |
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name the vector for Chagas disease
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kissing bugs
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name vector for malaria
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Anopheles mosquitos
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name the vector for Dengue
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Aedes mosquito
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Name the mosquito borne encephalitides
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WEE
EEE VEE SL |
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name the yellow fever vector
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Aedes mosquito
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other mosquio born pathogens
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filariasis (also transmitted by midges)
West Nile virus |
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name the most important disease transmitted via sanflies
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Leishmanias
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other diseases transmitted by sandflies
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viral sandfly fever (well, that's totally unexpected)
bartonellosis |
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diseases transmitted by blackflies
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onchocerciasis
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vector for African trypanosomiasis
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tsetse flies
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dieseases transmitted by deerflies/horse flies
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loaloasis
tularemia |
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diseases transmitted via flea
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plague
endemic typhus |
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rocky mountain spotted fever is transmitted via?
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dermacentor tick
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colorado tick fever is transmitted via
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dermacentor tick
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name the Lyme disease vector
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Ixodes tick
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Name the Ehrlichia vector
(Key to diagnosis?) |
Ixodes tick
(morula) |
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name the Babesiosis vector
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Ixodes tick
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name the diseases transmitted by Ixodes
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Lyme Disease
Ehrlichia Babesiosis |
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name the other important diseases transmitted via tick
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Tularemia
Recurrent fever (tick borne relapsing fever) |
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name the mite borne illnesses
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scrub typhus
Rickettsialpox |
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name the TORCH pathogens
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toxoplasmosis
Other (syphillis) Rubella CMV HSV and HIV |
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name the non-contagious infections
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NTB Mycobacteria
non-sporulating anaerobes LEGIONELLA all non-dermatophilic fungi |
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parasitic infections that cross the placenta
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Toxoplasma
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Bacterial infections that cross the placenta
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T. pallidium
Listeria |
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viral infections that cross the placenta
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HIV
Polio Coxsackie B HSV2 CMV Rubella |
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name the worms transmitted by ova (common name)
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Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
Ascaris loumbricoides (roundworm) |
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other parasitic infections transmitted by ova
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Toxocara canis (visceral larva migrans)
Echinooccus Taenia solium |
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name the bacteria transmitted sexually
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Chlamydophila
Neisseria Treponema Trichomonas |
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name the viruses transmitted sexually
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HIV
HPV HSV2 CMV |
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name the diseases transmitted by non-sexual contact
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Impetigo (both Staph and Strept)
Staph. ifns HSV1 EBV HBV |
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granuloma forming ifns
(idiotic mnemonic) |
(Fran Likes My Pal Bruce And His Blasted Cockerspaniel (in) Blessed SLC)
(F)rancisella (L)isteria (M)ycobacteria T. (P)allidium (B)rucella (A)ctinomyces (H)istoplasma (B)lastomyces (C)occidiodes (B)erylliosis (S)arcoid (L)ymphogranuloma venrum (C)at scratch fever |
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infections that cause intracerebral calcifications
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Toxoplasma
CMV Cysticercosis Cryptococcus MTB meningitis |
