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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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T/F: strep pyogenes is catalase negative and bacitracin sensitive
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TRUE
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3 pyogenic manifestations of strep pyogenes
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pharyngitis, cellulitis, impetigo
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Which is not a toxigenic manifestation of strep pyogenes: scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, TSS, acute glomerulonephritis
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Rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis are immune-mediated
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List 5 signs and symptoms characteristic of rheumatic fever
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PECCS: polyarthritis, erythema marginatum, chorea, carditis, subcutaneous nodules
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T/F: Enterococci are penicillin G sensitive and show variable hemolysis
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F - they are resistant, but do have variable hemolysis
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Lancefield group D includes ___ and ___, which can be differentiated through ___ (lab test)
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Enterococci and non-enterococcal Group D strep. Enterococci can grow on 6.5% NaCl, and non-enterococci cannot.
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Lancefield grouping is based on ___ on the bacterial cell wall
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C carbohydrate
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Viridans Strep are ___ hemolytic
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alpha
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Strep mutans causes ___
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dental caries
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S. sanguis causes ___
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bacterial endocarditis
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How do you differentiate viridans strep from S. pneumoniae in the laboratory?
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Both are alpha-hemolytic, but viridans strep is resistant to optochin (live in the mouth, not afraid of-the-chin)
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T/F: Clostridia are gram-positive, spore-forming, microaerophilic bacteria
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False - they are obligate anaerobes
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Name 4 types of Clostridia and disease caused by each
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Tetanus - tetanic paralysis, Botulinum - flaccid paralysis, Perfringens - gangrene, Difficile - diarrhea
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How does Clostridia cause tetanic paralysis?
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Exotoxin blocks glycine (inhibitory neurotransmitter) release from Renshaw cells in spinal chord leading to tetanic paralysis
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How does C. botulinum cause flaccid paralysis?
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Preformed, heat - labile toxin inhibits ACh release
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T/F: C. perfringens produces alpha-toxin, a globulin that causes myonecrosis, gas gangrene, or hemolysis
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False - alpha-toxin is a lecithinase
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What causes pseudomembranous colitis? How is it treated?
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Cytotoxin, an alpha toxin produced by C. diff, usu after antibiotic use (clindamycin ar ampicillin). Treat with metronidazole.
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Exotoxin is encoded by ___ and ihibits ___ by ADP-ribosylation of ___
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beta-prophaage, protein synthesis, EF-2
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T/F: Symptoms of diphtheria include pseudomembranous pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, and hematuria
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Does not cause hematuria
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Lab tests for Diphtheria
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Gram-positive, club-shaped rods with metachromatic granules; grow on tellurite agar
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ABCDEFG of diphtheria
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ADP ribosylation, Beta-prophage, Corynebacterium, Diphtheriae, EF-2, Granules
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Anthrax is caused by ___ (bacteria)
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Bacillus anthracis
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T/F: Bacillus anthracis is spore-forning and gram negative rod
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FALSE - it is a gram-positive rod
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What is the progression of anthrax?
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Contact leads to malignant pustule (painless ulcer) which can progress to bacteremia and death
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What is woolsorter's disease?
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Life-threatening pneumonia caused by inhalation of spores
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Characteristic lesion of anthrax
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Black skin lesions - vesicular papules covered by black eschar
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Actinomycis, Nocardia are gram___ rods that form long-branching filaments resembling fungi
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positive
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What air requirement do actinomysis and nocardia have?
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Actinomyces is an anaerobe and nocardia is an aerobe
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A vs. N (pick one): pulmonary infection in immunocompromized
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nocardia
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A vs. N (pick one): oral/facial abscess with sulfur granules that may drain through sinus tracts in skin
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actinomyces
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A vs. N (pick one): Normal oral flora
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actinomyces
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A vs. N (pick one): Weakly acid fast
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nocardia
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What treatment do you use for actinomycis? For nocardia?
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SNAP - sulpha for nocardia; actinomyces use penicillin
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Gram negative bugs are ___ to benzyl penicillin G and ____ to penicillin derivatives such as ampicillin
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resistant, may be susceptible
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T/F: Vancomycin can enter gram-negative bacteria
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False - gram-negative outer membrane layer inhibits entry of penicillin G and vancomycin
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Bugs causing food poisoning: Reheated rice
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Bacillus cereus
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Bugs causing food poisoning: Contaminated seafood
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Vibrio parahemolyticus and vulnificus
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Bugs causing food poisoning: Meats, mayonaise, custard
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S. aureus
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Bugs causing food poisoning: Reheater meat dishes
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C. perfringens
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Bugs causing food poisoning: Improperly canned food
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C. botulinum
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Bugs causing food poisoning: Undercooked meat
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E. coli 0157:H7
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Bugs causing food poisoning: Poultry, meat, eggs
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Salmonella
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Name diarrheal organism associated with the following:: Ferments lactose and causes non-bloody diarrhea
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enterotoxigenic E. coli
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Name diarrheal organism associated with the following:: Comma-shaped organism
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Vibrio cholerae
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Name diarrheal organism associated with the following:: Does not ferment lactose, motile, bloody diarrhea
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Salmonella
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Name diarrheal organism associated with the following:: Does not ferment lactose, nonmotile, very low ID50, bloody diarrhea
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Shigella
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Name diarrheal organism associated with the following:: Comma or S-shaped, growth at 42 degrees, bloody diarrhea
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Campylobaxter jejuni
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Name diarrheal organism associated with the following:: Transmitted by seafood
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Vibrio parahemolyticus
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Name diarrheal organism associated with the following:: Transmitted through pet feces (puppies), bloody diarrhea
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Yersenia enterocolitica
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Name diarrheal organism associated with the following:: Rice-water stools
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Vibrio cholerae
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Name diarrheal organism associated with the following:: 4 non-bacterial causes of non-bloody diarrhea
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Virus - rotavirus, norwalk virus; protozoan - Cryptosporidium and Giardia
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Name diarrheal organism associated with the following:: Ferments lactose and causes bloody diarrhea
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E. coli 0157:H7
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Name diarrheal organism associated with the following:: Protozoan cause of bloody diarrhea
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Entamoeba histolytica
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