Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Growth
|
Increases in the # of cells in the population rather than an increase in the size of the individual cell
|
|
|
moderate
|
2-8% oxygen tolerant
|
|
|
Advantage to Standard plate count
|
counting only viable cells, high or low cell #s
|
|
|
maximum growth temp
|
highest temp to supprt growth
|
|
|
chemotrophs
|
use oxidating of the organic carbon for energy animals, protozoans, fungi, & many bacteria
|
|
|
mesophiles
|
20-455 C opt 30s
|
|
|
Advantage to periodic subcultures
|
always readily available
|
|
|
psychrotoph
|
0-30C
|
|
|
photoheterotroph
|
use light and photosynthesis as energy source *unique to bacteria
|
|
|
thermophiles
|
45 C and up opt 50s
|
|
|
Advantage to low temp holding method
|
No change due to mutation
|
|
|
psychrophiles
|
0 - 20 opt in the teens
|
|
|
Ph optimum for akalophiles
|
above 8
|
|
|
minimum growth temp
|
Lowest temp to support growth
|
|
|
Disadvantages to periodic subcultures
|
changes can occur due to mutation
|
|
|
aerotolerant
|
do not use oxygen but are not harmed by it
|
|
|
Decline or Death phase
|
cell death greater then cell division generation time even longer. Environment becomes more unfavorable.
|
|
|
microalrophilic
|
requires oxygen at a low concentration 5%
|
|
|
Spectometer shines what kind of light?
|
monochromatic light through the sample
|
|
|
optimum growth temperature
|
Best temp for growth
|
|
|
Growth Rate
|
exponential (doubles in size)
|
|
|
analrobes
|
grow without oxygen and may be harmed by its presence
|
|
|
Disadvantages to ATCC
|
expensive and not readily available
|
|
|
facilitatives
|
grow weather oxygen is present or not
|
|
|
Generation time
|
time it takes for population to double varys depending on organism and condition
|
|
|
strict
|
tolerate 0.5% of oxygen or less
|
|
|
Turbidity will increase?
|
When the cells increase
|
|
|
obligat arobe
|
requires oxygen
|
|
|
Disadvantages for Petroff-Hauser
|
cant always determine if the cells are dead or alive, not very useful for low cell #
|
|
|
thermoduric
|
able to withstand high temperatures non conclusive and non growing only survive
|
|
|
What do you use to measure turbidity?
|
spectrophometer
|
|
|
photoheterotroph
|
use light and photosynthesis as energy source *unique to bacteria
|
|
|
Advantages to lyphilization
|
no change due to mutation, easily shipped to other people or labs
|
|
|
chemolithotropes
|
energy from oxidation of inorganic nutrients NH4, NO2, Fe, and S, compounds *unique to bacteria
|
|
|
Advantage to Turbidity
|
immediate result
|
|
|
Ecoli
|
37 C g.t. = 20 mins
20 C g.t. = 30 mins |
|
|
Preservation of cultures
|
transfer to new growth environment (culture medium)
|
|
|
Lag phase ( no growth occuring)
|
period of adjustment when introduced to new environment (amount of time depends on previous environment)
|
|
|
Disadvantages for standard plate count
|
actual # may be greater than the # you count due to assumptions, cloudiness: consider the growth environment medium, temp, and O2 requirements
|
|
|
Direct microscopic count
|
stain smear sample & count # of cells
|
|
|
Disadvantages to turbidity
|
cant tell if cells are dead or alive, it is an indirect method and you must also uase a direct method at least once usually 1st time
|
|
|
CFSU
|
colony forming units per 1 ml
|
|
|
lyophilization
|
Freeze drying (long term) High concentration of cells --- freeze 70 C --- remove H2o under vaccuum --- open vile --- transfer to growth medium --- incubate --- you will have the culture again
|
|
|
Carbon source - biosynthesis & primary energy source
|
O2 (inorganic) or organic
|
|
|
ATCC
|
American Typ Culture Collection (purchase cultures)
|
|
|
Exponential or log phase
|
Most active growth population doubling at amximum generation
|
|
|
Low temp holding method
|
Freeze high concentration of cells --- 70 C hold at 70 C --- thaw --- transfer
|
|
|
Advantages for Petroff-Hauser
|
immeidate results, minimul equipment needed, observe morphology
|
|
|
Nutritional group
Lithotroph (autotroph) |
"rock eating" grow on inorganic nutrients
carbon source O2 |
|
|
Growth curve in Life Cycle population
|
Life cycle of batch culture
|
|
|
Other nutritional requirements
|
water, and maybe growth factors such as vitamins, and amino acids
|
|
|
Standard plate count method
|
dilute sample --- plate onto agar --- incubate --- count colonies
assume that 1 cell = 1 colony alla cells will grow # of colonies * dilution = # of CFSus per ml |
|
|
Nitrogen source - biosynthesis
|
NH4 inorganic or organic
|
|
|
Inorganic compounds and trace elements
|
SO4 sulfate, PO4, CA, K, Fe, Cu, Zn, NaCl
|
|
|
Ph optimum for acidophiles
|
below 6
|
|
|
photolithotropes
|
use light and photosynthesis as energy source (plants, algae, bacteria)
|
|
|
PH optimum for neutrophiles
|
6.5 - 7.5
range 4-9 |
|
|
Stationary phase
|
Cell division and cell death are equal, due to decreased in nutrients. Also have build-up of waste (unfavorable environment). Generation time gets longer.
|
|
|
Heterotroph
|
require organic carbon
|
|
|
hemocytometer
|
used to count eucaryotic cells
|
|
|
Petroff-Hauser way to count bacteria
|
1mm area of slide filled with sample --- count areas of slide --- calculate --- # of cells per mm in sample
|
