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853 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Herpesviridae
Structure |
dsDNA
Enveloped Linear |
|
|
Herpes Infection patterns
|
Lytic
Persistent Latent or Transforming |
|
|
Herpes Theraputic Agent
|
Thymidine Kinase
|
|
|
HSV attachement Site
|
Heparan Sulfate
glycoprotein found on many cells |
|
|
Stages for HSV infection
|
Immediate: control gene transcription
Early: Polymerase and other enzymes Late: protein synthesis |
|
|
Epidemiology of HSV
|
Found in Secretions
Vaginal Saliva Vesicle Towels Glasses |
|
|
Clinical Features of HSV
|
Oral cold, sores, fever, blisters and genital vesicles
|
|
|
HSV Eruptions are caused by
|
fever
UV light menstruation local irriation |
|
|
Cowdry Type A acidophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies
|
HSV 1 and 2
|
|
|
Disease caused by HSV
|
Herpes pharyngitis
ocular keratitis Herpetic whitlow encephalitis (HSV 2) |
|
|
Lab diagnosis for HSV
|
Tzank Smear
Virus isolation |
|
|
Prevention of HSV
|
Avoid exposure
|
|
|
What is acyclovir
|
Its is used to mimic guanosine and prevent HSV
|
|
|
Thymidine Kinase
|
Receptor, therapeutic target
|
|
|
Binding site for EBV
|
CR2 of the B-cell
|
|
|
Outcomes after EBV binds to B-Cells
|
Permissive
Latent Immortalization of B cells |
|
|
EBV early Antigens
|
Early Antigen
Viral Capsid antigen |
|
|
EBV Latent Antigens
|
Non permissive, EBNA and LMP
|
|
|
Kissing disease
|
EBV
|
|
|
Virus spreads for a lifetime
|
EBV
|
|
|
Children Asymptomatic
|
EBV
M.Tb |
|
|
Infective Mononucleosis
|
EBV
|
|
|
Sore throat
Lymphadenopathy Splenomegaly |
Infective Mononucleosis
|
|
|
Burkitt's lymphoma
|
EBV
|
|
|
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
|
EBV
|
|
|
Lymphoproliferative Disease
|
EBV
|
|
|
Chromosome Effected with EBV
|
c-myc gene from chromosome 8/14 translocation
|
|
|
Downey Cells
|
Atyptical lymphocytes seen in EBV
|
|
|
Monospot Test
|
Heterophile Antibody for EBV
|
|
|
Antibodies tested for EBV
|
EA and EBNA
|
|
|
Herpesviridae
Structure |
dsDNA
Enveloped Linear |
|
|
Herpes Infection patterns
|
Lytic
Persistent Latent or Transforming |
|
|
Herpes Theraputic Agent
|
Thymidine Kinase
|
|
|
HSV attachement Site
|
Heparan Sulfate
glycoprotein found on many cells |
|
|
Stages for HSV infection
|
Immediate: control gene transcription
Early: Polymerase and other enzymes Late: protein synthesis |
|
|
Epidemiology of HSV
|
Found in Secretions
Vaginal Saliva Vesicle Towels Glasses |
|
|
Clinical Features of HSV
|
Oral cold, sores, fever, blisters and genital vesicles
|
|
|
HSV Eruptions are caused by
|
fever
UV light menstruation local irriation |
|
|
Cowdry Type A acidophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies
|
HSV 1 and 2
|
|
|
Disease caused by HSV
|
Herpes pharyngitis
ocular keratitis Herpetic whitlow encephalitis (HSV 2) |
|
|
Lab diagnosis for HSV
|
Tzank Smear
Virus isolation |
|
|
Prevention of HSV
|
Avoid exposure
|
|
|
What is acyclovir
|
Its is used to mimic guanosine and prevent HSV
|
|
|
Thymidine Kinase
|
Receptor, therapeutic target
|
|
|
Binding site for EBV
|
CR2 of the B-cell
|
|
|
Outcomes after EBV binds to B-Cells
|
Permissive
Latent Immortalization of B cells |
|
|
EBV early Antigens
|
Early Antigen
Viral Capsid antigen |
|
|
EBV Latent Antigens
|
Non permissive, EBNA and LMP
|
|
|
Kissing disease
|
EBV
|
|
|
Virus spreads for a lifetime
|
EBV
|
|
|
Children Asymptomatic
|
EBV
M.Tb |
|
|
Infective Mononucleosis
|
EBV
|
|
|
Sore throat
Lymphadenopathy Splenomegaly |
Infective Mononucleosis
|
|
|
Burkitt's lymphoma
|
EBV
|
|
|
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
|
EBV
|
|
|
Lymphoproliferative Disease
|
EBV
|
|
|
Chromosome Effected with EBV
|
c-myc gene from chromosome 8/14 translocation
|
|
|
Downey Cells
|
Atyptical lymphocytes seen in EBV
|
|
|
Monospot Test
|
Heterophile Antibody for EBV
|
|
|
Antibodies tested for EBV
|
EA and EBNA
|
|
|
Which are the only organs that escape Tb infections
|
Tests and ovaries
|
|
|
Morphology of Neisseria meningitidis
|
Gram - Diplococci with a kidney bean shaped
|
|
|
Oxidase and catalase positive
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Oxidase test where dye changes color
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Polysaccharide capsule with 13 serologic groups A,B,C,Y and W135
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Normal flor of N.Meningitidis
|
Nose and throat
|
|
|
Move through sinuses and can even go to the brain
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Transmission of N.Meningitidis
|
Aerosols, college and school children
|
|
|
Effects children with later complement deficiency
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Contain antiphagocytic capusles and pilli
|
N.Meningitidis
H. Influenza |
|
|
Purulent, headache, fever, stiffness
|
Meningitis which is caused by N.meningitidis and H.Influenza
|
|
|
Petechia, purpura, thrombosis of small blood vessels, septic shock
|
Meningococcemia which is caused by N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Bilateral renal gland hemorrhagic necrosis
|
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome which is caused by N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Chocolate agar, Thayer-martin chocolate agar
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Vaccines of four polysaccharides A,C,Y and W135 MPSV4
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
MCV4 vaccine
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
3 main human pathogens of H. Haemophilus
|
H.influenza
H.ducreyi H.aegyptius |
|
|
Conjuctivitis (pink eye)
|
H.Aegyptius
|
|
|
Chancroid an STD
|
H.ducreyi
|
|
|
What do H.Haemophilus require for growth
|
Hemin the X factor
NAD V factor |
|
|
Structure of H.Influenza
|
Six capuslar antigenic types, Polyribitol ribose phosphate (PRP), Hib.
|
|
|
Non-typable strains that lack a capsule
|
H.influenza
|
|
|
Cause Otitis Media and Sinusitis
|
H.influenza
|
|
|
Epiglottitis
|
H.Influenza
Can cause obstruction |
|
|
Herpesviridae
Structure |
dsDNA
Enveloped Linear |
|
|
Herpes Infection patterns
|
Lytic
Persistent Latent or Transforming |
|
|
Herpes Theraputic Agent
|
Thymidine Kinase
|
|
|
HSV attachement Site
|
Heparan Sulfate
glycoprotein found on many cells |
|
|
Stages for HSV infection
|
Immediate: control gene transcription
Early: Polymerase and other enzymes Late: protein synthesis |
|
|
Epidemiology of HSV
|
Found in Secretions
Vaginal Saliva Vesicle Towels Glasses |
|
|
Clinical Features of HSV
|
Oral cold, sores, fever, blisters and genital vesicles
|
|
|
HSV Eruptions are caused by
|
fever
UV light menstruation local irriation |
|
|
Cowdry Type A acidophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies
|
HSV 1 and 2
|
|
|
Disease caused by HSV
|
Herpes pharyngitis
ocular keratitis Herpetic whitlow encephalitis (HSV 2) |
|
|
Lab diagnosis for HSV
|
Tzank Smear
Virus isolation |
|
|
Prevention of HSV
|
Avoid exposure
|
|
|
What is acyclovir
|
Its is used to mimic guanosine and prevent HSV
|
|
|
Thymidine Kinase
|
Receptor, therapeutic target
|
|
|
Binding site for EBV
|
CR2 of the B-cell
|
|
|
Outcomes after EBV binds to B-Cells
|
Permissive
Latent Immortalization of B cells |
|
|
EBV early Antigens
|
Early Antigen
Viral Capsid antigen |
|
|
EBV Latent Antigens
|
Non permissive, EBNA and LMP
|
|
|
Kissing disease
|
EBV
|
|
|
Virus spreads for a lifetime
|
EBV
|
|
|
Children Asymptomatic
|
EBV
M.Tb |
|
|
Infective Mononucleosis
|
EBV
|
|
|
Sore throat
Lymphadenopathy Splenomegaly |
Infective Mononucleosis
|
|
|
Burkitt's lymphoma
|
EBV
|
|
|
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
|
EBV
|
|
|
Lymphoproliferative Disease
|
EBV
|
|
|
Chromosome Effected with EBV
|
c-myc gene from chromosome 8/14 translocation
|
|
|
Downey Cells
|
Atyptical lymphocytes seen in EBV
|
|
|
Monospot Test
|
Heterophile Antibody for EBV
|
|
|
Antibodies tested for EBV
|
EA and EBNA
|
|
|
Which are the only organs that escape Tb infections
|
Tests and ovaries
|
|
|
Morphology of Neisseria meningitidis
|
Gram - Diplococci with a kidney bean shaped
|
|
|
Oxidase and catalase positive
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Oxidase test where dye changes color
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Polysaccharide capsule with 13 serologic groups A,B,C,Y and W135
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Normal flor of N.Meningitidis
|
Nose and throat
|
|
|
Move through sinuses and can even go to the brain
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Transmission of N.Meningitidis
|
Aerosols, college and school children
|
|
|
Effects children with later complement deficiency
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Contain antiphagocytic capusles and pilli
|
N.Meningitidis
H. Influenza |
|
|
Purulent, headache, fever, stiffness
|
Meningitis which is caused by N.meningitidis and H.Influenza
|
|
|
Petechia, purpura, thrombosis of small blood vessels, septic shock
|
Meningococcemia which is caused by N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Bilateral renal gland hemorrhagic necrosis
|
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome which is caused by N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Chocolate agar, Thayer-martin chocolate agar
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Vaccines of four polysaccharides A,C,Y and W135 MPSV4
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
MCV4 vaccine
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
3 main human pathogens of H. Haemophilus
|
H.influenza
H.ducreyi H.aegyptius |
|
|
Conjuctivitis (pink eye)
|
H.Aegyptius
|
|
|
Chancroid an STD
|
H.ducreyi
|
|
|
What do H.Haemophilus require for growth
|
Hemin the X factor
NAD V factor |
|
|
Structure of H.Influenza
|
Six capuslar antigenic types, Polyribitol ribose phosphate (PRP), Hib.
|
|
|
Non-typable strains that lack a capsule
|
H.influenza
|
|
|
Cause Otitis Media and Sinusitis
|
H.influenza
|
|
|
Epiglottitis
|
H.Influenza
Can cause obstruction |
|
|
Herpesviridae
Structure |
dsDNA
Enveloped Linear |
|
|
Herpes Infection patterns
|
Lytic
Persistent Latent or Transforming |
|
|
Herpes Theraputic Agent
|
Thymidine Kinase
|
|
|
HSV attachement Site
|
Heparan Sulfate
glycoprotein found on many cells |
|
|
Stages for HSV infection
|
Immediate: control gene transcription
Early: Polymerase and other enzymes Late: protein synthesis |
|
|
Epidemiology of HSV
|
Found in Secretions
Vaginal Saliva Vesicle Towels Glasses |
|
|
Clinical Features of HSV
|
Oral cold, sores, fever, blisters and genital vesicles
|
|
|
HSV Eruptions are caused by
|
fever
UV light menstruation local irriation |
|
|
Cowdry Type A acidophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies
|
HSV 1 and 2
|
|
|
Disease caused by HSV
|
Herpes pharyngitis
ocular keratitis Herpetic whitlow encephalitis (HSV 2) |
|
|
Lab diagnosis for HSV
|
Tzank Smear
Virus isolation |
|
|
Prevention of HSV
|
Avoid exposure
|
|
|
What is acyclovir
|
Its is used to mimic guanosine and prevent HSV
|
|
|
Thymidine Kinase
|
Receptor, therapeutic target
|
|
|
Binding site for EBV
|
CR2 of the B-cell
|
|
|
Outcomes after EBV binds to B-Cells
|
Permissive
Latent Immortalization of B cells |
|
|
EBV early Antigens
|
Early Antigen
Viral Capsid antigen |
|
|
EBV Latent Antigens
|
Non permissive, EBNA and LMP
|
|
|
Kissing disease
|
EBV
|
|
|
Virus spreads for a lifetime
|
EBV
|
|
|
Children Asymptomatic
|
EBV
M.Tb |
|
|
Infective Mononucleosis
|
EBV
|
|
|
Sore throat
Lymphadenopathy Splenomegaly |
Infective Mononucleosis
|
|
|
Burkitt's lymphoma
|
EBV
|
|
|
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
|
EBV
|
|
|
Lymphoproliferative Disease
|
EBV
|
|
|
Chromosome Effected with EBV
|
c-myc gene from chromosome 8/14 translocation
|
|
|
Downey Cells
|
Atyptical lymphocytes seen in EBV
|
|
|
Monospot Test
|
Heterophile Antibody for EBV
|
|
|
Antibodies tested for EBV
|
EA and EBNA
|
|
|
Which are the only organs that escape Tb infections
|
Tests and ovaries
|
|
|
Morphology of Neisseria meningitidis
|
Gram - Diplococci with a kidney bean shaped
|
|
|
Oxidase and catalase positive
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Oxidase test where dye changes color
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Polysaccharide capsule with 13 serologic groups A,B,C,Y and W135
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Normal flor of N.Meningitidis
|
Nose and throat
|
|
|
Move through sinuses and can even go to the brain
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Transmission of N.Meningitidis
|
Aerosols, college and school children
|
|
|
Effects children with later complement deficiency
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Contain antiphagocytic capusles and pilli
|
N.Meningitidis
H. Influenza |
|
|
Purulent, headache, fever, stiffness
|
Meningitis which is caused by N.meningitidis and H.Influenza
|
|
|
Petechia, purpura, thrombosis of small blood vessels, septic shock
|
Meningococcemia which is caused by N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Bilateral renal gland hemorrhagic necrosis
|
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome which is caused by N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Chocolate agar, Thayer-martin chocolate agar
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Vaccines of four polysaccharides A,C,Y and W135 MPSV4
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
MCV4 vaccine
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
3 main human pathogens of H. Haemophilus
|
H.influenza
H.ducreyi H.aegyptius |
|
|
Conjuctivitis (pink eye)
|
H.Aegyptius
|
|
|
Chancroid an STD
|
H.ducreyi
|
|
|
What do H.Haemophilus require for growth
|
Hemin the X factor
NAD V factor |
|
|
Structure of H.Influenza
|
Six capuslar antigenic types, Polyribitol ribose phosphate (PRP), Hib.
|
|
|
Non-typable strains that lack a capsule
|
H.influenza
|
|
|
Cause Otitis Media and Sinusitis
|
H.influenza
|
|
|
Epiglottitis
|
H.Influenza
Can cause obstruction |
|
|
What is the basic characteristics of Mycobacteria
|
Aerobic, slow growing, non spore forming bacilli
|
|
|
Stain for Mycobacteria
|
Acid Fast
|
|
|
Main content of Mycobacteria
|
Mycolic acid, Lipid, making them very hydorphobic
|
|
|
Morphology of Mycobacteria Colonies
|
Yellow to orange, dry fraible colonies
|
|
|
What is the main mode of transmission of M.Tuberculosis, and how prevelent is it ?
|
Aerosol transmission and 1/3 of the world's population is infected
|
|
|
MOA of M.Tb
|
Blocks phagosome-lysosome fusion after being phagocytosed by the cell.
|
|
|
Severity of most M.Tb infections
|
Asymptomatic or latent
|
|
|
Cellular reactions of M.Tb
|
Epithelioid cells, macrophages containing bacteria for granulomas with necrotic centers that can be reactivated with stress
|
|
|
Main virulent factor of M.Tb
|
Cord Factor (a lipid) kills mice and induces granulomas
|
|
|
Symptoms of M.Tb in the lung
|
Cavitary lung disease (cough, bloody sputum, fever, chils, night sweats, weight loss)
|
|
|
Systemic Symptoms of Tb
|
Miliary (multiple foci) disseminated and extra pulmonary disease of many tissues
|
|
|
Drug resistant forms of Tb
|
MDR-TB (multi drug resistant) isoniazid/rifampin
XDR-TB (extreme drug resistant) quinolone and aminoglycoside |
|
|
Diagnositic Tests for Tb
|
Tuberculin Skin Test (Mantoux)
Acid Fast Staining of SputumFluorescent Dyes |
|
|
Culturing methods for Tb
|
Decontamination of sputum specimens with 2% sodium hydroxide
Egg based media |
|
|
Lab Diagnosis test for Tb
|
IFN-gamma assays
Assay for the production of IFNg by the patients blood cells is evidence of lymphocyte reaction with antigens |
|
|
Main features of Mycobacterium Avium
|
Shares same microbiology as M.Tb
Effects those with pulmonary conditions, Immunodeficient, smokers. |
|
|
MAC pathogensis
|
Patchy lung infiltrates
|
|
|
Which are the slow growing mycobacteria
|
M. Kansasii
M. Bovis |
|
|
Which are the cutaneous pathogens
|
M. Ulcerans: tropical, skin grafts.
M. Marinum in swimming pools. |
|
|
Microbiology of Mycobacterium Leprae and other names for it
|
Cannot be grown in culture
Leprosy or Hansen's disease |
|
|
Transmission of M.Leprae
|
Contact, Aerosols, skin abrasion
|
|
|
Pathogenesis of M. Leprae
|
heavy tissue burden of bacteria.
tuberculoid has fewer bacteria in tissue |
|
|
Herpesviridae
Structure |
dsDNA
Enveloped Linear |
|
|
Herpes Infection patterns
|
Lytic
Persistent Latent or Transforming |
|
|
Herpes Theraputic Agent
|
Thymidine Kinase
|
|
|
HSV attachement Site
|
Heparan Sulfate
glycoprotein found on many cells |
|
|
Stages for HSV infection
|
Immediate: control gene transcription
Early: Polymerase and other enzymes Late: protein synthesis |
|
|
Epidemiology of HSV
|
Found in Secretions
Vaginal Saliva Vesicle Towels Glasses |
|
|
Clinical Features of HSV
|
Oral cold, sores, fever, blisters and genital vesicles
|
|
|
HSV Eruptions are caused by
|
fever
UV light menstruation local irriation |
|
|
Cowdry Type A acidophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies
|
HSV 1 and 2
|
|
|
Disease caused by HSV
|
Herpes pharyngitis
ocular keratitis Herpetic whitlow encephalitis (HSV 2) |
|
|
Lab diagnosis for HSV
|
Tzank Smear
Virus isolation |
|
|
Prevention of HSV
|
Avoid exposure
|
|
|
What is acyclovir
|
Its is used to mimic guanosine and prevent HSV
|
|
|
Thymidine Kinase
|
Receptor, therapeutic target
|
|
|
Binding site for EBV
|
CR2 of the B-cell
|
|
|
Outcomes after EBV binds to B-Cells
|
Permissive
Latent Immortalization of B cells |
|
|
EBV early Antigens
|
Early Antigen
Viral Capsid antigen |
|
|
EBV Latent Antigens
|
Non permissive, EBNA and LMP
|
|
|
Kissing disease
|
EBV
|
|
|
Virus spreads for a lifetime
|
EBV
|
|
|
Children Asymptomatic
|
EBV
M.Tb |
|
|
Infective Mononucleosis
|
EBV
|
|
|
Sore throat
Lymphadenopathy Splenomegaly |
Infective Mononucleosis
|
|
|
Burkitt's lymphoma
|
EBV
|
|
|
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
|
EBV
|
|
|
Lymphoproliferative Disease
|
EBV
|
|
|
Chromosome Effected with EBV
|
c-myc gene from chromosome 8/14 translocation
|
|
|
Downey Cells
|
Atyptical lymphocytes seen in EBV
|
|
|
Monospot Test
|
Heterophile Antibody for EBV
|
|
|
Antibodies tested for EBV
|
EA and EBNA
|
|
|
Which are the only organs that escape Tb infections
|
Tests and ovaries
|
|
|
Morphology of Neisseria meningitidis
|
Gram - Diplococci with a kidney bean shaped
|
|
|
Oxidase and catalase positive
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Oxidase test where dye changes color
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Polysaccharide capsule with 13 serologic groups A,B,C,Y and W135
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Normal flor of N.Meningitidis
|
Nose and throat
|
|
|
Move through sinuses and can even go to the brain
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Transmission of N.Meningitidis
|
Aerosols, college and school children
|
|
|
Effects children with later complement deficiency
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Contain antiphagocytic capusles and pilli
|
N.Meningitidis
H. Influenza |
|
|
Purulent, headache, fever, stiffness
|
Meningitis which is caused by N.meningitidis and H.Influenza
|
|
|
Petechia, purpura, thrombosis of small blood vessels, septic shock
|
Meningococcemia which is caused by N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Bilateral renal gland hemorrhagic necrosis
|
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome which is caused by N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Chocolate agar, Thayer-martin chocolate agar
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Vaccines of four polysaccharides A,C,Y and W135 MPSV4
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
MCV4 vaccine
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
3 main human pathogens of H. Haemophilus
|
H.influenza
H.ducreyi H.aegyptius |
|
|
Conjuctivitis (pink eye)
|
H.Aegyptius
|
|
|
Chancroid an STD
|
H.ducreyi
|
|
|
What do H.Haemophilus require for growth
|
Hemin the X factor
NAD V factor |
|
|
Structure of H.Influenza
|
Six capuslar antigenic types, Polyribitol ribose phosphate (PRP), Hib.
|
|
|
Non-typable strains that lack a capsule
|
H.influenza
|
|
|
Cause Otitis Media and Sinusitis
|
H.influenza
|
|
|
Epiglottitis
|
H.Influenza
Can cause obstruction |
|
|
What is the basic characteristics of Mycobacteria
|
Aerobic, slow growing, non spore forming bacilli
|
|
|
Stain for Mycobacteria
|
Acid Fast
|
|
|
Main content of Mycobacteria
|
Mycolic acid, Lipid, making them very hydorphobic
|
|
|
Morphology of Mycobacteria Colonies
|
Yellow to orange, dry fraible colonies
|
|
|
What is the main mode of transmission of M.Tuberculosis, and how prevelent is it ?
|
Aerosol transmission and 1/3 of the world's population is infected
|
|
|
MOA of M.Tb
|
Blocks phagosome-lysosome fusion after being phagocytosed by the cell.
|
|
|
Severity of most M.Tb infections
|
Asymptomatic or latent
|
|
|
Cellular reactions of M.Tb
|
Epithelioid cells, macrophages containing bacteria for granulomas with necrotic centers that can be reactivated with stress
|
|
|
Main virulent factor of M.Tb
|
Cord Factor (a lipid) kills mice and induces granulomas
|
|
|
Symptoms of M.Tb in the lung
|
Cavitary lung disease (cough, bloody sputum, fever, chils, night sweats, weight loss)
|
|
|
Systemic Symptoms of Tb
|
Miliary (multiple foci) disseminated and extra pulmonary disease of many tissues
|
|
|
Drug resistant forms of Tb
|
MDR-TB (multi drug resistant) isoniazid/rifampin
XDR-TB (extreme drug resistant) quinolone and aminoglycoside |
|
|
Diagnositic Tests for Tb
|
Tuberculin Skin Test (Mantoux)
Acid Fast Staining of SputumFluorescent Dyes |
|
|
Culturing methods for Tb
|
Decontamination of sputum specimens with 2% sodium hydroxide
Egg based media |
|
|
Lab Diagnosis test for Tb
|
IFN-gamma assays
Assay for the production of IFNg by the patients blood cells is evidence of lymphocyte reaction with antigens |
|
|
Main features of Mycobacterium Avium
|
Shares same microbiology as M.Tb
Effects those with pulmonary conditions, Immunodeficient, smokers. |
|
|
MAC pathogensis
|
Patchy lung infiltrates
|
|
|
Which are the slow growing mycobacteria
|
M. Kansasii
M. Bovis |
|
|
Which are the cutaneous pathogens
|
M. Ulcerans: tropical, skin grafts.
M. Marinum in swimming pools. |
|
|
Microbiology of Mycobacterium Leprae and other names for it
|
Cannot be grown in culture
Leprosy or Hansen's disease |
|
|
Transmission of M.Leprae
|
Contact, Aerosols, skin abrasion
|
|
|
Pathogenesis of M. Leprae
|
heavy tissue burden of bacteria.
tuberculoid has fewer bacteria in tissue |
|
|
Rusty Sputum
|
Strep.Pneumo
|
|
|
Which immunosuppression is common among drug users
|
HIV
|
|
|
Prevention Immunization of H.Influenzae
|
Conjugate type b vaccine
|
|
|
The virulence factor of Listeria Monocytogens
|
Listeriolysin O
|
|
|
Gram positive, short motile bacilli with tumbling motion
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
|
|
|
Found in soil, Vegetations, and the feces of animals
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
|
|
|
Populations at risk of Listeria Monocytogens
|
High adult population like pregnant, risk of infants from non immune infected mothers.
|
|
|
Cells enter and enter enterocytes and attach to M cells
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
|
|
|
Action of Listeriolysin O in L.Monocytogens
|
Phagolysosome release
|
|
|
Actin based intracellular motility, moving cells to systemic sites
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
|
|
|
Stages of L.Monocytogens clinical infections
|
Early onset in utero, birth defects due to transplacental infection.
Late onset: infant meningitis Adult disease: as symptomatic in health, mild flu like symptoms in healthy adults. |
|
|
CAMP test
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
|
|
|
Weak Beta hemolysis and cold enrichment
|
Listeria monocytogenes
|
|
|
Morphology of Rabies Virus
|
bullet shaped rhabdovirus, enveloped,helical,
negative sense ssRNA. |
|
|
RNAdep-RNApoly
|
Rabies Virus
|
|
|
Rabies Epidemiology
|
Zoonotic from dogs, cats, mad dog disease.DOMESTIC ANIMALS
|
|
|
Virus binds acetylcholine receptors, moves up neural system to brain, then outward to cornea, hair roots and salivary glands.
|
Rabies Virus
|
|
|
Hydrophobia and paralysis
|
Rabies Virus
|
|
|
Negri bodies
|
Intracytoplasmic are viral aggregates in neural tissues seen in animal or post mortem human. In Rabies.
|
|
|
Fluorescent antibody test of animal tissue for virus presence
|
Rabies Virus
|
|
|
RT-PCR on saliva
|
Rabies Virus
|
|
|
Wound cleansing and Injection of HRIG as well as active immunization
|
Human rabies immune globulin is for prevention of Rabies.
|
|
|
Herpesviridae
Structure |
dsDNA
Enveloped Linear |
|
|
Herpes Infection patterns
|
Lytic
Persistent Latent or Transforming |
|
|
Herpes Theraputic Agent
|
Thymidine Kinase
|
|
|
HSV attachement Site
|
Heparan Sulfate
glycoprotein found on many cells |
|
|
Stages for HSV infection
|
Immediate: control gene transcription
Early: Polymerase and other enzymes Late: protein synthesis |
|
|
Epidemiology of HSV
|
Found in Secretions
Vaginal Saliva Vesicle Towels Glasses |
|
|
Clinical Features of HSV
|
Oral cold, sores, fever, blisters and genital vesicles
|
|
|
HSV Eruptions are caused by
|
fever
UV light menstruation local irriation |
|
|
Cowdry Type A acidophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies
|
HSV 1 and 2
|
|
|
Disease caused by HSV
|
Herpes pharyngitis
ocular keratitis Herpetic whitlow encephalitis (HSV 2) |
|
|
Lab diagnosis for HSV
|
Tzank Smear
Virus isolation |
|
|
Prevention of HSV
|
Avoid exposure
|
|
|
What is acyclovir
|
Its is used to mimic guanosine and prevent HSV
|
|
|
Thymidine Kinase
|
Receptor, therapeutic target
|
|
|
Binding site for EBV
|
CR2 of the B-cell
|
|
|
Outcomes after EBV binds to B-Cells
|
Permissive
Latent Immortalization of B cells |
|
|
EBV early Antigens
|
Early Antigen
Viral Capsid antigen |
|
|
EBV Latent Antigens
|
Non permissive, EBNA and LMP
|
|
|
Kissing disease
|
EBV
|
|
|
Virus spreads for a lifetime
|
EBV
|
|
|
Children Asymptomatic
|
EBV
M.Tb |
|
|
Infective Mononucleosis
|
EBV
|
|
|
Sore throat
Lymphadenopathy Splenomegaly |
Infective Mononucleosis
|
|
|
Burkitt's lymphoma
|
EBV
|
|
|
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
|
EBV
|
|
|
Lymphoproliferative Disease
|
EBV
|
|
|
Chromosome Effected with EBV
|
c-myc gene from chromosome 8/14 translocation
|
|
|
Downey Cells
|
Atyptical lymphocytes seen in EBV
|
|
|
Monospot Test
|
Heterophile Antibody for EBV
|
|
|
Antibodies tested for EBV
|
EA and EBNA
|
|
|
Which are the only organs that escape Tb infections
|
Tests and ovaries
|
|
|
Morphology of Neisseria meningitidis
|
Gram - Diplococci with a kidney bean shaped
|
|
|
Oxidase and catalase positive
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Oxidase test where dye changes color
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Polysaccharide capsule with 13 serologic groups A,B,C,Y and W135
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Normal flor of N.Meningitidis
|
Nose and throat
|
|
|
Move through sinuses and can even go to the brain
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Transmission of N.Meningitidis
|
Aerosols, college and school children
|
|
|
Effects children with later complement deficiency
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Contain antiphagocytic capusles and pilli
|
N.Meningitidis
H. Influenza |
|
|
Purulent, headache, fever, stiffness
|
Meningitis which is caused by N.meningitidis and H.Influenza
|
|
|
Petechia, purpura, thrombosis of small blood vessels, septic shock
|
Meningococcemia which is caused by N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Bilateral renal gland hemorrhagic necrosis
|
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome which is caused by N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Chocolate agar, Thayer-martin chocolate agar
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Vaccines of four polysaccharides A,C,Y and W135 MPSV4
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
MCV4 vaccine
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
3 main human pathogens of H. Haemophilus
|
H.influenza
H.ducreyi H.aegyptius |
|
|
Conjuctivitis (pink eye)
|
H.Aegyptius
|
|
|
Chancroid an STD
|
H.ducreyi
|
|
|
What do H.Haemophilus require for growth
|
Hemin the X factor
NAD V factor |
|
|
Structure of H.Influenza
|
Six capuslar antigenic types, Polyribitol ribose phosphate (PRP), Hib.
|
|
|
Non-typable strains that lack a capsule
|
H.influenza
|
|
|
Cause Otitis Media and Sinusitis
|
H.influenza
|
|
|
Epiglottitis
|
H.Influenza
Can cause obstruction |
|
|
What is the basic characteristics of Mycobacteria
|
Aerobic, slow growing, non spore forming bacilli
|
|
|
Stain for Mycobacteria
|
Acid Fast
|
|
|
Main content of Mycobacteria
|
Mycolic acid, Lipid, making them very hydorphobic
|
|
|
Morphology of Mycobacteria Colonies
|
Yellow to orange, dry fraible colonies
|
|
|
What is the main mode of transmission of M.Tuberculosis, and how prevelent is it ?
|
Aerosol transmission and 1/3 of the world's population is infected
|
|
|
MOA of M.Tb
|
Blocks phagosome-lysosome fusion after being phagocytosed by the cell.
|
|
|
Severity of most M.Tb infections
|
Asymptomatic or latent
|
|
|
Cellular reactions of M.Tb
|
Epithelioid cells, macrophages containing bacteria for granulomas with necrotic centers that can be reactivated with stress
|
|
|
Main virulent factor of M.Tb
|
Cord Factor (a lipid) kills mice and induces granulomas
|
|
|
Symptoms of M.Tb in the lung
|
Cavitary lung disease (cough, bloody sputum, fever, chils, night sweats, weight loss)
|
|
|
Systemic Symptoms of Tb
|
Miliary (multiple foci) disseminated and extra pulmonary disease of many tissues
|
|
|
Drug resistant forms of Tb
|
MDR-TB (multi drug resistant) isoniazid/rifampin
XDR-TB (extreme drug resistant) quinolone and aminoglycoside |
|
|
Diagnositic Tests for Tb
|
Tuberculin Skin Test (Mantoux)
Acid Fast Staining of SputumFluorescent Dyes |
|
|
Culturing methods for Tb
|
Decontamination of sputum specimens with 2% sodium hydroxide
Egg based media |
|
|
Lab Diagnosis test for Tb
|
IFN-gamma assays
Assay for the production of IFNg by the patients blood cells is evidence of lymphocyte reaction with antigens |
|
|
Main features of Mycobacterium Avium
|
Shares same microbiology as M.Tb
Effects those with pulmonary conditions, Immunodeficient, smokers. |
|
|
MAC pathogensis
|
Patchy lung infiltrates
|
|
|
Which are the slow growing mycobacteria
|
M. Kansasii
M. Bovis |
|
|
Which are the cutaneous pathogens
|
M. Ulcerans: tropical, skin grafts.
M. Marinum in swimming pools. |
|
|
Microbiology of Mycobacterium Leprae and other names for it
|
Cannot be grown in culture
Leprosy or Hansen's disease |
|
|
Transmission of M.Leprae
|
Contact, Aerosols, skin abrasion
|
|
|
Pathogenesis of M. Leprae
|
heavy tissue burden of bacteria.
tuberculoid has fewer bacteria in tissue |
|
|
Rusty Sputum
|
Strep.Pneumo
|
|
|
Which immunosuppression is common among drug users
|
HIV
|
|
|
Prevention Immunization of H.Influenzae
|
Conjugate type b vaccine
|
|
|
The virulence factor of Listeria Monocytogens
|
Listeriolysin O
|
|
|
Gram positive, short motile bacilli with tumbling motion
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
|
|
|
Found in soil, Vegetations, and the feces of animals
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
|
|
|
Populations at risk of Listeria Monocytogens
|
High adult population like pregnant, risk of infants from non immune infected mothers.
|
|
|
Cells enter and enter enterocytes and attach to M cells
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
|
|
|
Action of Listeriolysin O in L.Monocytogens
|
Phagolysosome release
|
|
|
Actin based intracellular motility, moving cells to systemic sites
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
|
|
|
Stages of L.Monocytogens clinical infections
|
Early onset in utero, birth defects due to transplacental infection.
Late onset: infant meningitis Adult disease: as symptomatic in health, mild flu like symptoms in healthy adults. |
|
|
CAMP test
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
|
|
|
Weak Beta hemolysis and cold enrichment
|
Listeria monocytogenes
|
|
|
Morphology of Rabies Virus
|
bullet shaped rhabdovirus, enveloped,helical,
negative sense ssRNA. |
|
|
RNAdep-RNApoly
|
Rabies Virus
|
|
|
Rabies Epidemiology
|
Zoonotic from dogs, cats, mad dog disease.DOMESTIC ANIMALS
|
|
|
Virus binds acetylcholine receptors, moves up neural system to brain, then outward to cornea, hair roots and salivary glands.
|
Rabies Virus
|
|
|
Hydrophobia and paralysis
|
Rabies Virus
|
|
|
Negri bodies
|
Intracytoplasmic are viral aggregates in neural tissues seen in animal or post mortem human. In Rabies.
|
|
|
Fluorescent antibody test of animal tissue for virus presence
|
Rabies Virus
|
|
|
RT-PCR on saliva
|
Rabies Virus
|
|
|
Wound cleansing and Injection of HRIG as well as active immunization
|
Human rabies immune globulin is for prevention of Rabies.
|
|
|
small RNA viruses
|
Picornviridae
|
|
|
Virology of Poliomyelitis
|
Enterovirus, acid stable, 37 C growth, and its tissues target sepatartts it from other members.
|
|
|
Structure of Poliomyelitis
|
Positive ssRNA
Has four proteins that are rearranged after attachement and bind Ribosome. |
|
|
Transmission of Poliomyelitis
|
Fecal-Oral
Contaminated Water |
|
|
Pathogenesis of Poliomyelitis
|
- Asymptomatic (90%) with intestinal invasion. Abortive infection (5%).
- Paralytic Poliomyelitis-less than 2% of infection. Pentrates bowel to blood to anterior horn of spinal cord and motor complex. - Bulbar polio 75% of the 2% fatal, respiratory Muscle paralysis. -Post-polio syndrome 20-80% |
|
|
Lab test for Poliomyelitis
|
Throat swabs to cell culture early, from feces later, CSF variable recovery.
|
|
|
Prevention and Control of Poliomyeltis
|
- Salk inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), prevents disease but not intestinal infection. Was found to cause infection in some people.
- SaBin vaccine: Bowel infections will be eliminated, increase intestinal immunity. Immunity is spread from primary person, from person to person. |
|
|
Poliomyelitis drug reactions
|
You would start with 2 Doses of the Salk vaccine and then administer
|
|
|
Structure of Arenaviruses
|
Enveloped, 2 ssRNA segments,
|
|
|
Replication of Arenaviruses
|
- L strand is negative with RNAdep-RNApoly.
Ambiesense strand that can be read as RNA in 2 directions (one end is positive while other end is negative). - Contains host ribosomes to give sandy appearance in EM. |
|
|
Epidemiology of Arenavirus
|
Lymphocytic Chroiomeningitis (LCM).Transmission through aerosol transmission of the fecal substance of the mouse or hamsters.
- Africa: Lassa fever, pulmonary hemorrhagic diseases with high percentage of death. |
|
|
Types of Polyomavirus
|
JC and BK viruses
|
|
|
Epidemiology of JC and BK viruses
|
Water or Sewage, human exposure early in life, continual shedding through kidneys throughout life.
|
|
|
Pathogenesis of JC and BK Viruses
|
Polyomavirus as symptomatic except for cancer and suppressive therapy, causes progressive multifocal leukoncephalopathy, a demyelenating disease of what matter.
|
|
|
Lab test of JC and BK viruses
|
CSF, urine source, expansion by PCR.
|
|
|
Prevention control of JC and BK viruses
|
Avoid immunosuppressive therapy
|
|
|
Defective Measles Virus
|
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
|
|
|
Muscle Jerks or spasticity, blindness, personality and behavioral changes.
|
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
|
|
|
What kinds of viruses are arthropod born
|
RNA viruses, some are positive strand and some are negative strand.
|
|
|
Herpesviridae
Structure |
dsDNA
Enveloped Linear |
|
|
Herpes Infection patterns
|
Lytic
Persistent Latent or Transforming |
|
|
Herpes Theraputic Agent
|
Thymidine Kinase
|
|
|
HSV attachement Site
|
Heparan Sulfate
glycoprotein found on many cells |
|
|
Stages for HSV infection
|
Immediate: control gene transcription
Early: Polymerase and other enzymes Late: protein synthesis |
|
|
Epidemiology of HSV
|
Found in Secretions
Vaginal Saliva Vesicle Towels Glasses |
|
|
Clinical Features of HSV
|
Oral cold, sores, fever, blisters and genital vesicles
|
|
|
HSV Eruptions are caused by
|
fever
UV light menstruation local irriation |
|
|
Cowdry Type A acidophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies
|
HSV 1 and 2
|
|
|
Disease caused by HSV
|
Herpes pharyngitis
ocular keratitis Herpetic whitlow encephalitis (HSV 2) |
|
|
Lab diagnosis for HSV
|
Tzank Smear
Virus isolation |
|
|
Prevention of HSV
|
Avoid exposure
|
|
|
What is acyclovir
|
Its is used to mimic guanosine and prevent HSV
|
|
|
Thymidine Kinase
|
Receptor, therapeutic target
|
|
|
Binding site for EBV
|
CR2 of the B-cell
|
|
|
Outcomes after EBV binds to B-Cells
|
Permissive
Latent Immortalization of B cells |
|
|
EBV early Antigens
|
Early Antigen
Viral Capsid antigen |
|
|
EBV Latent Antigens
|
Non permissive, EBNA and LMP
|
|
|
Kissing disease
|
EBV
|
|
|
Virus spreads for a lifetime
|
EBV
|
|
|
Children Asymptomatic
|
EBV
M.Tb |
|
|
Infective Mononucleosis
|
EBV
|
|
|
Sore throat
Lymphadenopathy Splenomegaly |
Infective Mononucleosis
|
|
|
Burkitt's lymphoma
|
EBV
|
|
|
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
|
EBV
|
|
|
Lymphoproliferative Disease
|
EBV
|
|
|
Chromosome Effected with EBV
|
c-myc gene from chromosome 8/14 translocation
|
|
|
Downey Cells
|
Atyptical lymphocytes seen in EBV
|
|
|
Monospot Test
|
Heterophile Antibody for EBV
|
|
|
Antibodies tested for EBV
|
EA and EBNA
|
|
|
Which are the only organs that escape Tb infections
|
Tests and ovaries
|
|
|
Morphology of Neisseria meningitidis
|
Gram - Diplococci with a kidney bean shaped
|
|
|
Oxidase and catalase positive
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Oxidase test where dye changes color
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Polysaccharide capsule with 13 serologic groups A,B,C,Y and W135
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Normal flor of N.Meningitidis
|
Nose and throat
|
|
|
Move through sinuses and can even go to the brain
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Transmission of N.Meningitidis
|
Aerosols, college and school children
|
|
|
Effects children with later complement deficiency
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Contain antiphagocytic capusles and pilli
|
N.Meningitidis
H. Influenza |
|
|
Purulent, headache, fever, stiffness
|
Meningitis which is caused by N.meningitidis and H.Influenza
|
|
|
Petechia, purpura, thrombosis of small blood vessels, septic shock
|
Meningococcemia which is caused by N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Bilateral renal gland hemorrhagic necrosis
|
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome which is caused by N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Chocolate agar, Thayer-martin chocolate agar
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Vaccines of four polysaccharides A,C,Y and W135 MPSV4
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
MCV4 vaccine
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
3 main human pathogens of H. Haemophilus
|
H.influenza
H.ducreyi H.aegyptius |
|
|
Conjuctivitis (pink eye)
|
H.Aegyptius
|
|
|
Chancroid an STD
|
H.ducreyi
|
|
|
What do H.Haemophilus require for growth
|
Hemin the X factor
NAD V factor |
|
|
Structure of H.Influenza
|
Six capuslar antigenic types, Polyribitol ribose phosphate (PRP), Hib.
|
|
|
Non-typable strains that lack a capsule
|
H.influenza
|
|
|
Cause Otitis Media and Sinusitis
|
H.influenza
|
|
|
Epiglottitis
|
H.Influenza
Can cause obstruction |
|
|
What is the basic characteristics of Mycobacteria
|
Aerobic, slow growing, non spore forming bacilli
|
|
|
Stain for Mycobacteria
|
Acid Fast
|
|
|
Main content of Mycobacteria
|
Mycolic acid, Lipid, making them very hydorphobic
|
|
|
Morphology of Mycobacteria Colonies
|
Yellow to orange, dry fraible colonies
|
|
|
What is the main mode of transmission of M.Tuberculosis, and how prevelent is it ?
|
Aerosol transmission and 1/3 of the world's population is infected
|
|
|
MOA of M.Tb
|
Blocks phagosome-lysosome fusion after being phagocytosed by the cell.
|
|
|
Severity of most M.Tb infections
|
Asymptomatic or latent
|
|
|
Cellular reactions of M.Tb
|
Epithelioid cells, macrophages containing bacteria for granulomas with necrotic centers that can be reactivated with stress
|
|
|
Main virulent factor of M.Tb
|
Cord Factor (a lipid) kills mice and induces granulomas
|
|
|
Symptoms of M.Tb in the lung
|
Cavitary lung disease (cough, bloody sputum, fever, chils, night sweats, weight loss)
|
|
|
Systemic Symptoms of Tb
|
Miliary (multiple foci) disseminated and extra pulmonary disease of many tissues
|
|
|
Drug resistant forms of Tb
|
MDR-TB (multi drug resistant) isoniazid/rifampin
XDR-TB (extreme drug resistant) quinolone and aminoglycoside |
|
|
Diagnositic Tests for Tb
|
Tuberculin Skin Test (Mantoux)
Acid Fast Staining of SputumFluorescent Dyes |
|
|
Culturing methods for Tb
|
Decontamination of sputum specimens with 2% sodium hydroxide
Egg based media |
|
|
Lab Diagnosis test for Tb
|
IFN-gamma assays
Assay for the production of IFNg by the patients blood cells is evidence of lymphocyte reaction with antigens |
|
|
Main features of Mycobacterium Avium
|
Shares same microbiology as M.Tb
Effects those with pulmonary conditions, Immunodeficient, smokers. |
|
|
MAC pathogensis
|
Patchy lung infiltrates
|
|
|
Which are the slow growing mycobacteria
|
M. Kansasii
M. Bovis |
|
|
Which are the cutaneous pathogens
|
M. Ulcerans: tropical, skin grafts.
M. Marinum in swimming pools. |
|
|
Microbiology of Mycobacterium Leprae and other names for it
|
Cannot be grown in culture
Leprosy or Hansen's disease |
|
|
Transmission of M.Leprae
|
Contact, Aerosols, skin abrasion
|
|
|
Pathogenesis of M. Leprae
|
heavy tissue burden of bacteria.
tuberculoid has fewer bacteria in tissue |
|
|
Rusty Sputum
|
Strep.Pneumo
|
|
|
Which immunosuppression is common among drug users
|
HIV
|
|
|
Prevention Immunization of H.Influenzae
|
Conjugate type b vaccine
|
|
|
The virulence factor of Listeria Monocytogens
|
Listeriolysin O
|
|
|
Gram positive, short motile bacilli with tumbling motion
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
|
|
|
Found in soil, Vegetations, and the feces of animals
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
|
|
|
Populations at risk of Listeria Monocytogens
|
High adult population like pregnant, risk of infants from non immune infected mothers.
|
|
|
Cells enter and enter enterocytes and attach to M cells
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
|
|
|
Action of Listeriolysin O in L.Monocytogens
|
Phagolysosome release
|
|
|
Actin based intracellular motility, moving cells to systemic sites
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
|
|
|
Stages of L.Monocytogens clinical infections
|
Early onset in utero, birth defects due to transplacental infection.
Late onset: infant meningitis Adult disease: as symptomatic in health, mild flu like symptoms in healthy adults. |
|
|
CAMP test
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
|
|
|
Weak Beta hemolysis and cold enrichment
|
Listeria monocytogenes
|
|
|
Morphology of Rabies Virus
|
bullet shaped rhabdovirus, enveloped,helical,
negative sense ssRNA. |
|
|
RNAdep-RNApoly
|
Rabies Virus
|
|
|
Rabies Epidemiology
|
Zoonotic from dogs, cats, mad dog disease.DOMESTIC ANIMALS
|
|
|
Virus binds acetylcholine receptors, moves up neural system to brain, then outward to cornea, hair roots and salivary glands.
|
Rabies Virus
|
|
|
Hydrophobia and paralysis
|
Rabies Virus
|
|
|
Negri bodies
|
Intracytoplasmic are viral aggregates in neural tissues seen in animal or post mortem human. In Rabies.
|
|
|
Fluorescent antibody test of animal tissue for virus presence
|
Rabies Virus
|
|
|
RT-PCR on saliva
|
Rabies Virus
|
|
|
Wound cleansing and Injection of HRIG as well as active immunization
|
Human rabies immune globulin is for prevention of Rabies.
|
|
|
small RNA viruses
|
Picornviridae
|
|
|
Virology of Poliomyelitis
|
Enterovirus, acid stable, 37 C growth, and its tissues target sepatartts it from other members.
|
|
|
Structure of Poliomyelitis
|
Positive ssRNA
Has four proteins that are rearranged after attachement and bind Ribosome. |
|
|
Transmission of Poliomyelitis
|
Fecal-Oral
Contaminated Water |
|
|
Pathogenesis of Poliomyelitis
|
- Asymptomatic (90%) with intestinal invasion. Abortive infection (5%).
- Paralytic Poliomyelitis-less than 2% of infection. Pentrates bowel to blood to anterior horn of spinal cord and motor complex. - Bulbar polio 75% of the 2% fatal, respiratory Muscle paralysis. -Post-polio syndrome 20-80% |
|
|
Lab test for Poliomyelitis
|
Throat swabs to cell culture early, from feces later, CSF variable recovery.
|
|
|
Prevention and Control of Poliomyeltis
|
- Salk inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), prevents disease but not intestinal infection. Was found to cause infection in some people.
- SaBin vaccine: Bowel infections will be eliminated, increase intestinal immunity. Immunity is spread from primary person, from person to person. |
|
|
Poliomyelitis drug reactions
|
You would start with 2 Doses of the Salk vaccine and then administer
|
|
|
Structure of Arenaviruses
|
Enveloped, 2 ssRNA segments,
|
|
|
Replication of Arenaviruses
|
- L strand is negative with RNAdep-RNApoly.
Ambiesense strand that can be read as RNA in 2 directions (one end is positive while other end is negative). - Contains host ribosomes to give sandy appearance in EM. |
|
|
Epidemiology of Arenavirus
|
Lymphocytic Chroiomeningitis (LCM).Transmission through aerosol transmission of the fecal substance of the mouse or hamsters.
- Africa: Lassa fever, pulmonary hemorrhagic diseases with high percentage of death. |
|
|
Types of Polyomavirus
|
JC and BK viruses
|
|
|
Epidemiology of JC and BK viruses
|
Water or Sewage, human exposure early in life, continual shedding through kidneys throughout life.
|
|
|
Pathogenesis of JC and BK Viruses
|
Polyomavirus as symptomatic except for cancer and suppressive therapy, causes progressive multifocal leukoncephalopathy, a demyelenating disease of what matter.
|
|
|
Lab test of JC and BK viruses
|
CSF, urine source, expansion by PCR.
|
|
|
Prevention control of JC and BK viruses
|
Avoid immunosuppressive therapy
|
|
|
Defective Measles Virus
|
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
|
|
|
Muscle Jerks or spasticity, blindness, personality and behavioral changes.
|
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
|
|
|
What kinds of viruses are arthropod born
|
RNA viruses, some are positive strand and some are negative strand.
|
|
|
Herpesviridae
Structure |
dsDNA
Enveloped Linear |
|
|
Herpes Infection patterns
|
Lytic
Persistent Latent or Transforming |
|
|
Herpes Theraputic Agent
|
Thymidine Kinase
|
|
|
HSV attachement Site
|
Heparan Sulfate
glycoprotein found on many cells |
|
|
Stages for HSV infection
|
Immediate: control gene transcription
Early: Polymerase and other enzymes Late: protein synthesis |
|
|
Epidemiology of HSV
|
Found in Secretions
Vaginal Saliva Vesicle Towels Glasses |
|
|
Clinical Features of HSV
|
Oral cold, sores, fever, blisters and genital vesicles
|
|
|
HSV Eruptions are caused by
|
fever
UV light menstruation local irriation |
|
|
Cowdry Type A acidophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies
|
HSV 1 and 2
|
|
|
Disease caused by HSV
|
Herpes pharyngitis
ocular keratitis Herpetic whitlow encephalitis (HSV 2) |
|
|
Lab diagnosis for HSV
|
Tzank Smear
Virus isolation |
|
|
Prevention of HSV
|
Avoid exposure
|
|
|
What is acyclovir
|
Its is used to mimic guanosine and prevent HSV
|
|
|
Thymidine Kinase
|
Receptor, therapeutic target
|
|
|
Binding site for EBV
|
CR2 of the B-cell
|
|
|
Outcomes after EBV binds to B-Cells
|
Permissive
Latent Immortalization of B cells |
|
|
EBV early Antigens
|
Early Antigen
Viral Capsid antigen |
|
|
EBV Latent Antigens
|
Non permissive, EBNA and LMP
|
|
|
Kissing disease
|
EBV
|
|
|
Virus spreads for a lifetime
|
EBV
|
|
|
Children Asymptomatic
|
EBV
M.Tb |
|
|
Infective Mononucleosis
|
EBV
|
|
|
Sore throat
Lymphadenopathy Splenomegaly |
Infective Mononucleosis
|
|
|
Burkitt's lymphoma
|
EBV
|
|
|
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
|
EBV
|
|
|
Lymphoproliferative Disease
|
EBV
|
|
|
Chromosome Effected with EBV
|
c-myc gene from chromosome 8/14 translocation
|
|
|
Downey Cells
|
Atyptical lymphocytes seen in EBV
|
|
|
Monospot Test
|
Heterophile Antibody for EBV
|
|
|
Antibodies tested for EBV
|
EA and EBNA
|
|
|
Which are the only organs that escape Tb infections
|
Tests and ovaries
|
|
|
Morphology of Neisseria meningitidis
|
Gram - Diplococci with a kidney bean shaped
|
|
|
Oxidase and catalase positive
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Oxidase test where dye changes color
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Polysaccharide capsule with 13 serologic groups A,B,C,Y and W135
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Normal flor of N.Meningitidis
|
Nose and throat
|
|
|
Move through sinuses and can even go to the brain
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Transmission of N.Meningitidis
|
Aerosols, college and school children
|
|
|
Effects children with later complement deficiency
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Contain antiphagocytic capusles and pilli
|
N.Meningitidis
H. Influenza |
|
|
Purulent, headache, fever, stiffness
|
Meningitis which is caused by N.meningitidis and H.Influenza
|
|
|
Petechia, purpura, thrombosis of small blood vessels, septic shock
|
Meningococcemia which is caused by N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Bilateral renal gland hemorrhagic necrosis
|
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome which is caused by N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Chocolate agar, Thayer-martin chocolate agar
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Vaccines of four polysaccharides A,C,Y and W135 MPSV4
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
MCV4 vaccine
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
3 main human pathogens of H. Haemophilus
|
H.influenza
H.ducreyi H.aegyptius |
|
|
Conjuctivitis (pink eye)
|
H.Aegyptius
|
|
|
Chancroid an STD
|
H.ducreyi
|
|
|
What do H.Haemophilus require for growth
|
Hemin the X factor
NAD V factor |
|
|
Structure of H.Influenza
|
Six capuslar antigenic types, Polyribitol ribose phosphate (PRP), Hib.
|
|
|
Non-typable strains that lack a capsule
|
H.influenza
|
|
|
Cause Otitis Media and Sinusitis
|
H.influenza
|
|
|
Epiglottitis
|
H.Influenza
Can cause obstruction |
|
|
What is the basic characteristics of Mycobacteria
|
Aerobic, slow growing, non spore forming bacilli
|
|
|
Stain for Mycobacteria
|
Acid Fast
|
|
|
Main content of Mycobacteria
|
Mycolic acid, Lipid, making them very hydorphobic
|
|
|
Morphology of Mycobacteria Colonies
|
Yellow to orange, dry fraible colonies
|
|
|
What is the main mode of transmission of M.Tuberculosis, and how prevelent is it ?
|
Aerosol transmission and 1/3 of the world's population is infected
|
|
|
MOA of M.Tb
|
Blocks phagosome-lysosome fusion after being phagocytosed by the cell.
|
|
|
Severity of most M.Tb infections
|
Asymptomatic or latent
|
|
|
Cellular reactions of M.Tb
|
Epithelioid cells, macrophages containing bacteria for granulomas with necrotic centers that can be reactivated with stress
|
|
|
Main virulent factor of M.Tb
|
Cord Factor (a lipid) kills mice and induces granulomas
|
|
|
Symptoms of M.Tb in the lung
|
Cavitary lung disease (cough, bloody sputum, fever, chils, night sweats, weight loss)
|
|
|
Systemic Symptoms of Tb
|
Miliary (multiple foci) disseminated and extra pulmonary disease of many tissues
|
|
|
Drug resistant forms of Tb
|
MDR-TB (multi drug resistant) isoniazid/rifampin
XDR-TB (extreme drug resistant) quinolone and aminoglycoside |
|
|
Diagnositic Tests for Tb
|
Tuberculin Skin Test (Mantoux)
Acid Fast Staining of SputumFluorescent Dyes |
|
|
Culturing methods for Tb
|
Decontamination of sputum specimens with 2% sodium hydroxide
Egg based media |
|
|
Lab Diagnosis test for Tb
|
IFN-gamma assays
Assay for the production of IFNg by the patients blood cells is evidence of lymphocyte reaction with antigens |
|
|
Main features of Mycobacterium Avium
|
Shares same microbiology as M.Tb
Effects those with pulmonary conditions, Immunodeficient, smokers. |
|
|
MAC pathogensis
|
Patchy lung infiltrates
|
|
|
Which are the slow growing mycobacteria
|
M. Kansasii
M. Bovis |
|
|
Which are the cutaneous pathogens
|
M. Ulcerans: tropical, skin grafts.
M. Marinum in swimming pools. |
|
|
Microbiology of Mycobacterium Leprae and other names for it
|
Cannot be grown in culture
Leprosy or Hansen's disease |
|
|
Transmission of M.Leprae
|
Contact, Aerosols, skin abrasion
|
|
|
Pathogenesis of M. Leprae
|
heavy tissue burden of bacteria.
tuberculoid has fewer bacteria in tissue |
|
|
Rusty Sputum
|
Strep.Pneumo
|
|
|
Which immunosuppression is common among drug users
|
HIV
|
|
|
Prevention Immunization of H.Influenzae
|
Conjugate type b vaccine
|
|
|
The virulence factor of Listeria Monocytogens
|
Listeriolysin O
|
|
|
Gram positive, short motile bacilli with tumbling motion
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
|
|
|
Found in soil, Vegetations, and the feces of animals
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
|
|
|
Populations at risk of Listeria Monocytogens
|
High adult population like pregnant, risk of infants from non immune infected mothers.
|
|
|
Cells enter and enter enterocytes and attach to M cells
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
|
|
|
Action of Listeriolysin O in L.Monocytogens
|
Phagolysosome release
|
|
|
Actin based intracellular motility, moving cells to systemic sites
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
|
|
|
Stages of L.Monocytogens clinical infections
|
Early onset in utero, birth defects due to transplacental infection.
Late onset: infant meningitis Adult disease: as symptomatic in health, mild flu like symptoms in healthy adults. |
|
|
CAMP test
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
|
|
|
Weak Beta hemolysis and cold enrichment
|
Listeria monocytogenes
|
|
|
Morphology of Rabies Virus
|
bullet shaped rhabdovirus, enveloped,helical,
negative sense ssRNA. |
|
|
RNAdep-RNApoly
|
Rabies Virus
|
|
|
Rabies Epidemiology
|
Zoonotic from dogs, cats, mad dog disease.DOMESTIC ANIMALS
|
|
|
Virus binds acetylcholine receptors, moves up neural system to brain, then outward to cornea, hair roots and salivary glands.
|
Rabies Virus
|
|
|
Hydrophobia and paralysis
|
Rabies Virus
|
|
|
Negri bodies
|
Intracytoplasmic are viral aggregates in neural tissues seen in animal or post mortem human. In Rabies.
|
|
|
Fluorescent antibody test of animal tissue for virus presence
|
Rabies Virus
|
|
|
RT-PCR on saliva
|
Rabies Virus
|
|
|
Wound cleansing and Injection of HRIG as well as active immunization
|
Human rabies immune globulin is for prevention of Rabies.
|
|
|
small RNA viruses
|
Picornviridae
|
|
|
Virology of Poliomyelitis
|
Enterovirus, acid stable, 37 C growth, and its tissues target sepatartts it from other members.
|
|
|
Structure of Poliomyelitis
|
Positive ssRNA
Has four proteins that are rearranged after attachement and bind Ribosome. |
|
|
Transmission of Poliomyelitis
|
Fecal-Oral
Contaminated Water |
|
|
Pathogenesis of Poliomyelitis
|
- Asymptomatic (90%) with intestinal invasion. Abortive infection (5%).
- Paralytic Poliomyelitis-less than 2% of infection. Pentrates bowel to blood to anterior horn of spinal cord and motor complex. - Bulbar polio 75% of the 2% fatal, respiratory Muscle paralysis. -Post-polio syndrome 20-80% |
|
|
Lab test for Poliomyelitis
|
Throat swabs to cell culture early, from feces later, CSF variable recovery.
|
|
|
Prevention and Control of Poliomyeltis
|
- Salk inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), prevents disease but not intestinal infection. Was found to cause infection in some people.
- SaBin vaccine: Bowel infections will be eliminated, increase intestinal immunity. Immunity is spread from primary person, from person to person. |
|
|
Poliomyelitis drug reactions
|
You would start with 2 Doses of the Salk vaccine and then administer
|
|
|
Structure of Arenaviruses
|
Enveloped, 2 ssRNA segments,
|
|
|
Replication of Arenaviruses
|
- L strand is negative with RNAdep-RNApoly.
Ambiesense strand that can be read as RNA in 2 directions (one end is positive while other end is negative). - Contains host ribosomes to give sandy appearance in EM. |
|
|
Epidemiology of Arenavirus
|
Lymphocytic Chroiomeningitis (LCM).Transmission through aerosol transmission of the fecal substance of the mouse or hamsters.
- Africa: Lassa fever, pulmonary hemorrhagic diseases with high percentage of death. |
|
|
Types of Polyomavirus
|
JC and BK viruses
|
|
|
Epidemiology of JC and BK viruses
|
Water or Sewage, human exposure early in life, continual shedding through kidneys throughout life.
|
|
|
Pathogenesis of JC and BK Viruses
|
Polyomavirus as symptomatic except for cancer and suppressive therapy, causes progressive multifocal leukoncephalopathy, a demyelenating disease of what matter.
|
|
|
Lab test of JC and BK viruses
|
CSF, urine source, expansion by PCR.
|
|
|
Prevention control of JC and BK viruses
|
Avoid immunosuppressive therapy
|
|
|
Defective Measles Virus
|
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
|
|
|
Muscle Jerks or spasticity, blindness, personality and behavioral changes.
|
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
|
|
|
What kinds of viruses are arthropod born
|
RNA viruses, some are positive strand and some are negative strand.
|
|
|
Structure of Arbovirus
|
zoonotic RNA viruses
|
|
|
Main vectors for the Arbovirus
|
Mosquitoes
|
|
|
Family Togaviridae
|
Alpha Virus
EEE,WEE,VEE |
|
|
Family Bunyaviridae
|
CA
LaCosse Hanta |
|
|
Types of Flaviviridea
|
Yellow Fever Virus
Dengue West Nile St. Louis Encephalitis Virus Powassan Virus Japanese B Encephalitis Virus |
|
|
Pathogensis of Flavivirus
|
Mild systemic disease is usual, fever, chills, headache. Jap B may produce severe even fatal Encephalitis.
|
|
|
Structure of Togaviridae and Flaviviridea
|
Positive ssRNA enveloped viruses, cloak like cover that looks like a toga.
E1 and E2 peplomers are both found on the cover. |
|
|
Flaviviruses that may produce servere hemorrhagic disease
|
Dengue and Yellow fever (liver disease)
|
|
|
Replication Process of Togaviridea
|
ssRNA positive-polyprotein synthesis and cleavage-negative strand RNA is made-progeny RNA
|
|
|
Epidemiology of EEE and WEE
|
Togaviruses
Birds Reservoir Mosquitoes Vectors Horses and Humans are dead end hosts |
|
|
Sleeping sickness was seen in which diseases as well
|
Trypanosomas
African sleeping sickness |
|
|
Pathogensis of EEE and WEE
|
Togoviridae
Virus attaches to monocytes and endothelial cells. Flu like, headache, fever, muscle pain, photophobia. Entry into the brain through small vessel endothelia. Aseptic encephalitic phase generally resolves withough sequelae. EEE is more serious than WEE |
|
|
Horse develops fatal sleeping sickness and mortality
|
EEE and WEE
|
|
|
Same course as EEE and WEE but is not as serious, very few cases in the USA
|
VEE
|
|
|
Chikungunya
|
Bending over. More series disease than EEE, WEE or VEE. Restricted to Africa. An acute febrile disease with arthralgia, muscle pain lasting month or years. Hemorrhagic.
|
|
|
How many antigenic types are there for dengue fever
|
Den 1 through Den 4
|
|
|
Epidemeiology of Dengue fever
|
Tropical and subtropical areas where victors reside, Mosquitoes are the main vectors.
Human primates are reservoirs, sylvatic and urban cycles. |
|
|
Pathogenesis of Dengue Fever
|
Break bone fever, headache, muscle and joint pain. Rash could be present but there is no encephalitis.
|
|
|
Major Risk from Dengue Fever
|
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
|
|
|
Symptoms of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
|
Irritability, restless, heavy sweating with petechia, bleeding tendency.
|
|
|
Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS)
|
Deteriorates with the accumulation of blood in the abdomen, abundant petechia, loss of blood pressure.
|
|
|
The flooding and removal of standing water to prevent moquito breeding
|
Yellow Fever
|
|
|
Human, primates, sylvatic and urban cycles, also found in Aedes mosquitoes
|
Yellow Fever
|
|
|
Bunyaviridea Structure
|
Enveloped, negative, ssRNA, 3 segmented virus. RNApoly-RNAdep.
|
|
|
Epidemiology of Bunyavirus
|
Rodents urine and feces and spread by infected ticks
|
|
|
California and La Crosse Viruses
|
Type of Bunyavirus, as symptomatic. Nausea, vomiting, headache, seizure in true encephalitis.
|
|
|
Feature of Hanatvirus
|
Sin Nombre. Dust contaminated by urine and feces of white footed mice.
|
|
|
Pathogensis of Hantavirus
|
Pulmonary and Cardiac syndromes with a lot of loss of blood.
|
|
|
Coltivirus-Colorado tick fever features
|
dsRNA virus. They are plus strands in an mRNA, translation to RNAdep-RNApoly for genomic RNA forms
|
|
|
Epi. of Colitivirus
|
Mountain West, hard ticks.
|
|
|
Pathogenesis of Coltivirus-Colorado tick fever
|
Flu like symptoms to aseptic
|
|
|
Herpesviridae
Structure |
dsDNA
Enveloped Linear |
|
|
Herpes Infection patterns
|
Lytic
Persistent Latent or Transforming |
|
|
Herpes Theraputic Agent
|
Thymidine Kinase
|
|
|
HSV attachement Site
|
Heparan Sulfate
glycoprotein found on many cells |
|
|
Stages for HSV infection
|
Immediate: control gene transcription
Early: Polymerase and other enzymes Late: protein synthesis |
|
|
Epidemiology of HSV
|
Found in Secretions
Vaginal Saliva Vesicle Towels Glasses |
|
|
Clinical Features of HSV
|
Oral cold, sores, fever, blisters and genital vesicles
|
|
|
HSV Eruptions are caused by
|
fever
UV light menstruation local irriation |
|
|
Cowdry Type A acidophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies
|
HSV 1 and 2
|
|
|
Disease caused by HSV
|
Herpes pharyngitis
ocular keratitis Herpetic whitlow encephalitis (HSV 2) |
|
|
Lab diagnosis for HSV
|
Tzank Smear
Virus isolation |
|
|
Prevention of HSV
|
Avoid exposure
|
|
|
What is acyclovir
|
Its is used to mimic guanosine and prevent HSV
|
|
|
Thymidine Kinase
|
Receptor, therapeutic target
|
|
|
Binding site for EBV
|
CR2 of the B-cell
|
|
|
Outcomes after EBV binds to B-Cells
|
Permissive
Latent Immortalization of B cells |
|
|
EBV early Antigens
|
Early Antigen
Viral Capsid antigen |
|
|
EBV Latent Antigens
|
Non permissive, EBNA and LMP
|
|
|
Kissing disease
|
EBV
|
|
|
Virus spreads for a lifetime
|
EBV
|
|
|
Children Asymptomatic
|
EBV
M.Tb |
|
|
Infective Mononucleosis
|
EBV
|
|
|
Sore throat
Lymphadenopathy Splenomegaly |
Infective Mononucleosis
|
|
|
Burkitt's lymphoma
|
EBV
|
|
|
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
|
EBV
|
|
|
Lymphoproliferative Disease
|
EBV
|
|
|
Chromosome Effected with EBV
|
c-myc gene from chromosome 8/14 translocation
|
|
|
Downey Cells
|
Atyptical lymphocytes seen in EBV
|
|
|
Monospot Test
|
Heterophile Antibody for EBV
|
|
|
Antibodies tested for EBV
|
EA and EBNA
|
|
|
Which are the only organs that escape Tb infections
|
Tests and ovaries
|
|
|
Morphology of Neisseria meningitidis
|
Gram - Diplococci with a kidney bean shaped
|
|
|
Oxidase and catalase positive
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Oxidase test where dye changes color
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Polysaccharide capsule with 13 serologic groups A,B,C,Y and W135
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Normal flor of N.Meningitidis
|
Nose and throat
|
|
|
Move through sinuses and can even go to the brain
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Transmission of N.Meningitidis
|
Aerosols, college and school children
|
|
|
Effects children with later complement deficiency
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Contain antiphagocytic capusles and pilli
|
N.Meningitidis
H. Influenza |
|
|
Purulent, headache, fever, stiffness
|
Meningitis which is caused by N.meningitidis and H.Influenza
|
|
|
Petechia, purpura, thrombosis of small blood vessels, septic shock
|
Meningococcemia which is caused by N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Bilateral renal gland hemorrhagic necrosis
|
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome which is caused by N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Chocolate agar, Thayer-martin chocolate agar
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
Vaccines of four polysaccharides A,C,Y and W135 MPSV4
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
MCV4 vaccine
|
N.Meningitidis
|
|
|
3 main human pathogens of H. Haemophilus
|
H.influenza
H.ducreyi H.aegyptius |
|
|
Conjuctivitis (pink eye)
|
H.Aegyptius
|
|
|
Chancroid an STD
|
H.ducreyi
|
|
|
What do H.Haemophilus require for growth
|
Hemin the X factor
NAD V factor |
|
|
Structure of H.Influenza
|
Six capuslar antigenic types, Polyribitol ribose phosphate (PRP), Hib.
|
|
|
Non-typable strains that lack a capsule
|
H.influenza
|
|
|
Cause Otitis Media and Sinusitis
|
H.influenza
|
|
|
Epiglottitis
|
H.Influenza
Can cause obstruction |
|
|
What is the basic characteristics of Mycobacteria
|
Aerobic, slow growing, non spore forming bacilli
|
|
|
Stain for Mycobacteria
|
Acid Fast
|
|
|
Main content of Mycobacteria
|
Mycolic acid, Lipid, making them very hydorphobic
|
|
|
Morphology of Mycobacteria Colonies
|
Yellow to orange, dry fraible colonies
|
|
|
What is the main mode of transmission of M.Tuberculosis, and how prevelent is it ?
|
Aerosol transmission and 1/3 of the world's population is infected
|
|
|
MOA of M.Tb
|
Blocks phagosome-lysosome fusion after being phagocytosed by the cell.
|
|
|
Severity of most M.Tb infections
|
Asymptomatic or latent
|
|
|
Cellular reactions of M.Tb
|
Epithelioid cells, macrophages containing bacteria for granulomas with necrotic centers that can be reactivated with stress
|
|
|
Main virulent factor of M.Tb
|
Cord Factor (a lipid) kills mice and induces granulomas
|
|
|
Symptoms of M.Tb in the lung
|
Cavitary lung disease (cough, bloody sputum, fever, chils, night sweats, weight loss)
|
|
|
Systemic Symptoms of Tb
|
Miliary (multiple foci) disseminated and extra pulmonary disease of many tissues
|
|
|
Drug resistant forms of Tb
|
MDR-TB (multi drug resistant) isoniazid/rifampin
XDR-TB (extreme drug resistant) quinolone and aminoglycoside |
|
|
Diagnositic Tests for Tb
|
Tuberculin Skin Test (Mantoux)
Acid Fast Staining of SputumFluorescent Dyes |
|
|
Culturing methods for Tb
|
Decontamination of sputum specimens with 2% sodium hydroxide
Egg based media |
|
|
Lab Diagnosis test for Tb
|
IFN-gamma assays
Assay for the production of IFNg by the patients blood cells is evidence of lymphocyte reaction with antigens |
|
|
Main features of Mycobacterium Avium
|
Shares same microbiology as M.Tb
Effects those with pulmonary conditions, Immunodeficient, smokers. |
|
|
MAC pathogensis
|
Patchy lung infiltrates
|
|
|
Which are the slow growing mycobacteria
|
M. Kansasii
M. Bovis |
|
|
Which are the cutaneous pathogens
|
M. Ulcerans: tropical, skin grafts.
M. Marinum in swimming pools. |
|
|
Microbiology of Mycobacterium Leprae and other names for it
|
Cannot be grown in culture
Leprosy or Hansen's disease |
|
|
Transmission of M.Leprae
|
Contact, Aerosols, skin abrasion
|
|
|
Pathogenesis of M. Leprae
|
heavy tissue burden of bacteria.
tuberculoid has fewer bacteria in tissue |
|
|
Rusty Sputum
|
Strep.Pneumo
|
|
|
Which immunosuppression is common among drug users
|
HIV
|
|
|
Prevention Immunization of H.Influenzae
|
Conjugate type b vaccine
|
|
|
The virulence factor of Listeria Monocytogens
|
Listeriolysin O
|
|
|
Gram positive, short motile bacilli with tumbling motion
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
|
|
|
Found in soil, Vegetations, and the feces of animals
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
|
|
|
Populations at risk of Listeria Monocytogens
|
High adult population like pregnant, risk of infants from non immune infected mothers.
|
|
|
Cells enter and enter enterocytes and attach to M cells
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
|
|
|
Action of Listeriolysin O in L.Monocytogens
|
Phagolysosome release
|
|
|
Actin based intracellular motility, moving cells to systemic sites
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
|
|
|
Stages of L.Monocytogens clinical infections
|
Early onset in utero, birth defects due to transplacental infection.
Late onset: infant meningitis Adult disease: as symptomatic in health, mild flu like symptoms in healthy adults. |
|
|
CAMP test
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
|
|
|
Weak Beta hemolysis and cold enrichment
|
Listeria monocytogenes
|
|
|
Morphology of Rabies Virus
|
bullet shaped rhabdovirus, enveloped,helical,
negative sense ssRNA. |
|
|
RNAdep-RNApoly
|
Rabies Virus
|
|
|
Rabies Epidemiology
|
Zoonotic from dogs, cats, mad dog disease.DOMESTIC ANIMALS
|
|
|
Virus binds acetylcholine receptors, moves up neural system to brain, then outward to cornea, hair roots and salivary glands.
|
Rabies Virus
|
|
|
Hydrophobia and paralysis
|
Rabies Virus
|
|
|
Negri bodies
|
Intracytoplasmic are viral aggregates in neural tissues seen in animal or post mortem human. In Rabies.
|
|
|
Fluorescent antibody test of animal tissue for virus presence
|
Rabies Virus
|
|
|
RT-PCR on saliva
|
Rabies Virus
|
|
|
Wound cleansing and Injection of HRIG as well as active immunization
|
Human rabies immune globulin is for prevention of Rabies.
|
|
|
small RNA viruses
|
Picornviridae
|
|
|
Virology of Poliomyelitis
|
Enterovirus, acid stable, 37 C growth, and its tissues target sepatartts it from other members.
|
|
|
Structure of Poliomyelitis
|
Positive ssRNA
Has four proteins that are rearranged after attachement and bind Ribosome. |
|
|
Transmission of Poliomyelitis
|
Fecal-Oral
Contaminated Water |
|
|
Pathogenesis of Poliomyelitis
|
- Asymptomatic (90%) with intestinal invasion. Abortive infection (5%).
- Paralytic Poliomyelitis-less than 2% of infection. Pentrates bowel to blood to anterior horn of spinal cord and motor complex. - Bulbar polio 75% of the 2% fatal, respiratory Muscle paralysis. -Post-polio syndrome 20-80% |
|
|
Lab test for Poliomyelitis
|
Throat swabs to cell culture early, from feces later, CSF variable recovery.
|
|
|
Prevention and Control of Poliomyeltis
|
- Salk inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), prevents disease but not intestinal infection. Was found to cause infection in some people.
- SaBin vaccine: Bowel infections will be eliminated, increase intestinal immunity. Immunity is spread from primary person, from person to person. |
|
|
Poliomyelitis drug reactions
|
You would start with 2 Doses of the Salk vaccine and then administer
|
|
|
Structure of Arenaviruses
|
Enveloped, 2 ssRNA segments,
|
|
|
Replication of Arenaviruses
|
- L strand is negative with RNAdep-RNApoly.
Ambiesense strand that can be read as RNA in 2 directions (one end is positive while other end is negative). - Contains host ribosomes to give sandy appearance in EM. |
|
|
Epidemiology of Arenavirus
|
Lymphocytic Chroiomeningitis (LCM).Transmission through aerosol transmission of the fecal substance of the mouse or hamsters.
- Africa: Lassa fever, pulmonary hemorrhagic diseases with high percentage of death. |
|
|
Types of Polyomavirus
|
JC and BK viruses
|
|
|
Epidemiology of JC and BK viruses
|
Water or Sewage, human exposure early in life, continual shedding through kidneys throughout life.
|
|
|
Pathogenesis of JC and BK Viruses
|
Polyomavirus as symptomatic except for cancer and suppressive therapy, causes progressive multifocal leukoncephalopathy, a demyelenating disease of what matter.
|
|
|
Lab test of JC and BK viruses
|
CSF, urine source, expansion by PCR.
|
|
|
Prevention control of JC and BK viruses
|
Avoid immunosuppressive therapy
|
|
|
Defective Measles Virus
|
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
|
|
|
Muscle Jerks or spasticity, blindness, personality and behavioral changes.
|
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
|
|
|
What kinds of viruses are arthropod born
|
RNA viruses, some are positive strand and some are negative strand.
|
|
|
Structure of Arbovirus
|
zoonotic RNA viruses
|
|
|
Main vectors for the Arbovirus
|
Mosquitoes
|
|
|
Family Togaviridae
|
Alpha Virus
EEE,WEE,VEE |
|
|
Family Bunyaviridae
|
CA
LaCosse Hanta |
|
|
Types of Flaviviridea
|
Yellow Fever Virus
Dengue West Nile St. Louis Encephalitis Virus Powassan Virus Japanese B Encephalitis Virus |
|
|
Pathogensis of Flavivirus
|
Mild systemic disease is usual, fever, chills, headache. Jap B may produce severe even fatal Encephalitis.
|
|
|
Structure of Togaviridae and Flaviviridea
|
Positive ssRNA enveloped viruses, cloak like cover that looks like a toga.
E1 and E2 peplomers are both found on the cover. |
|
|
Flaviviruses that may produce servere hemorrhagic disease
|
Dengue and Yellow fever (liver disease)
|
|
|
Replication Process of Togaviridea
|
ssRNA positive-polyprotein synthesis and cleavage-negative strand RNA is made-progeny RNA
|
|
|
Epidemiology of EEE and WEE
|
Togaviruses
Birds Reservoir Mosquitoes Vectors Horses and Humans are dead end hosts |
|
|
Sleeping sickness was seen in which diseases as well
|
Trypanosomas
African sleeping sickness |
|
|
Pathogensis of EEE and WEE
|
Togoviridae
Virus attaches to monocytes and endothelial cells. Flu like, headache, fever, muscle pain, photophobia. Entry into the brain through small vessel endothelia. Aseptic encephalitic phase generally resolves withough sequelae. EEE is more serious than WEE |
|
|
Horse develops fatal sleeping sickness and mortality
|
EEE and WEE
|
|
|
Same course as EEE and WEE but is not as serious, very few cases in the USA
|
VEE
|
|
|
Chikungunya
|
Bending over. More series disease than EEE, WEE or VEE. Restricted to Africa. An acute febrile disease with arthralgia, muscle pain lasting month or years. Hemorrhagic.
|
|
|
Epidemiology of West Nile Virus
|
Flavivirus that is worldwide.
Birds reservoir-Culex Mosquitoes vector |
|
|
Pathogensis of West Nile Virus
|
90% assymptomatic
Fever, headache, chills, joint pain, flu like. Encephalities Phase, near fatality. |
|
|
How many antigenic types are there for dengue fever
|
Den 1 through Den 4
|
|
|
Lab Diagnosis for West Nile Virus
|
IgM
RT-PCR or Viral RNA recognition |
|
|
Epidemiology of Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus
|
Flavivirus that is found in the Central and Eastern USA (missouri river).
|
|
|
Pathogenesis of SLEV
|
Asymptomatic and mild CNS.
|
|
|
Epidemiology of Powassan Virus
|
ssRNA, E1 and E2.
Ixodes ticks ar the reservoir and the vector. North America and Canada |
|
|
Pathogenesis of Powassan Virus
|
Flu like mild disease and encephalitis
|
|
|
Epidemiology of Japanese B
|
ssRNA,
Reservoirs are birds and pigs and the vector is a Culex (mosquito). Japan and neighboring countries |
|
|
Epidemeiology of Dengue fever
|
Tropical and subtropical areas where victors reside, Mosquitoes are the main vectors.
Human primates are reservoirs, sylvatic and urban cycles. |
|
|
Pathogenesis of Japanese B
|
Mild flu like, and can be fatal more often than the above.
|
|
|
Pathogenesis of Dengue Fever
|
Break bone fever, headache, muscle and joint pain. Rash could be present but there is no encephalitis.
|
|
|
Major Risk from Dengue Fever
|
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
|
|
|
Symptoms of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
|
Irritability, restless, heavy sweating with petechia, bleeding tendency.
|
|
|
Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS)
|
Deteriorates with the accumulation of blood in the abdomen, abundant petechia, loss of blood pressure.
Occurs after second infection to the disease. |
|
|
The flooding and removal of standing water to prevent moquito breeding
|
Yellow Fever
|
|
|
Human, primates, sylvatic and urban cycles, also found in Aedes mosquitoes
|
Yellow Fever
|
|
|
Stage of Yellow Fever Pathogenesis
|
Early: fever, nausea and abdominal pain
Late: pain and jaundice Hemorrhagic: black vomit |
|
|
Lab for Yellow fever
|
RT-PCR
Patient serum for immune response |
|
|
Bunyaviridea Structure
|
Enveloped, negative, ssRNA, 3 segmented virus. RNApoly-RNAdep.
|
|
|
Epidemiology of Bunyavirus
|
Rodents urine and feces and spread by infected ticks
|
|
|
California and La Crosse Viruses
|
Type of Bunyavirus, as symptomatic. Nausea, vomiting, headache, seizure in true encephalitis.
|
|
|
Feature of Hanatvirus
|
Sin Nombre. Dust contaminated by urine and feces of white footed mice.
|
|
|
Pathogensis of Hantavirus
|
Pulmonary and Cardiac syndromes with a lot of loss of blood.
|
|
|
Coltivirus-Colorado tick fever features
|
dsRNA virus. They are plus strands in an mRNA, translation to RNAdep-RNApoly for genomic RNA forms
|
|
|
Epi. of Colitivirus
|
Mountain West, hard ticks.
|
|
|
Pathogenesis of Coltivirus-Colorado tick fever
|
Flu like symptoms to aseptic
|
