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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Polio vaccine
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live virus
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Smallpox vaccine
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live virus
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Adenovirus vaccine
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live virus
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swimming pool conjuctivitis
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Adenovirus
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where is Herpes dormant?
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type 1: trigeminal ganglia
type 2: sacral ganglia |
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Measles
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aka Rubeola, caused by paramyxovirus: Klopik's spots
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Rubella
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German measles or 3 day measles, rash begins on face then spreads downward
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Burkitt's lymphoma
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EBV
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Congenital infections
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CMV, Herpes Simplex, and Treponema pallidum
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CMV treatment
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gancyclovir
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Window period
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period in Hepatitis B infection when HbsAg nor HbsAb can be detected in serum (they are in equal number and are removed from circulation)
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molluscum contagiosum
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caused by poxviurs: they are umbilicated flesh colored papules, reproduces in the cytoplasm, produces intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies
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rev
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promoter that revs up viral activity. HIV has multiple reading frames, allowing for tat, rev, neg, or gag, pol, env.
Rev binds to env to decrease splicing so revs up reading of gag, pol, and env to produce virions |
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env
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codes for envelope proteins that become glycosylated to form gp120 and gp41=gp160 and bind to CD4 receptors on t cells
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pol
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encodes for protease, integrase and reverse transcriptase enzymes
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gag
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group antigen in retroviruses, code for structural proteins
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Dane particle and components
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HbsAg: antibodies are protective
HbeAg: if secreted indicates active infection HbcAg: antibodies are not protective |
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RNA viruses
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single stranded, enveloped, helical symmetry, replicate in cytoplasm. exceptions: 3 non enveloped: Picorna, Calici, Reoviridae. reo, picorna, toga, flavi, calici have icosahedral symmetry. retro and orthomyxo undergo replication in the nucleus
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DNA viruses
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double stranded, icosahedral, replicate in nucleus *except parvovaridae (single stranded=Par one). Poxviridae- does not have icosahedral symmetry= pox in a box. also replicates in cytoplasm.
HHAPPPY Herpes, Hepadna, Pox (have envelopes) Papova, Adeno, Parvo (are naked) |
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Hepatitis C
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single stranded RNA virus belonging to Flavaviridae family
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How to diagnose Hepatitis A
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detect anti-HAV IgM
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Hepatitis B
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HbsAg appears in blood early after infection, before acute illness. Disappears within 4-6 months. HBeAg appears during early acute phase and disappears before HBsAg. HBcAg- in nuclei of infected hepatocytes- not generally in circulation except in Dane particle. anti-HBc is present as long as there is ongoing HBV replication.
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atypical lymphocytes
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seen in mononucleosis, cmv, viral hepatitis, toxoplasmosis, rubella, mumps, measles
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Viruses with latency?
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Herpes, Adenovirus
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Retroviruses
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dependent on reverse transcriptase enzyme. builds complementary DNA strand for viral RNA, builds DNA complementary to 1st DNA strand, degrades original RNA
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Condyloma acuminatum
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papilloma causes these lesions (benign tumors). can become malignant
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paramyxovirus
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includes measles, mumps, parainflueza (croup, rsv). have glycoprotein spikes
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SSPE
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rare and late manifestation of measles. progressive encephalitis involving white and gray matter
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Rotavirus
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causes diarrhea in infants.
RNA virus with double shelled capsid |
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tumor viruses
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Human T-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus (HTLV) and papillomavirus
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Hantavirus transmission
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deer mice
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St. Louis encephalitis
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spread by mosquitos
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Colorado tick fever
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spread by wood tick. causes fever, headache, retro-orbital pain, myalgia
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Yellow fever
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transmitted by mosquitoes, causes fever and jaundice
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Dengue fever
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mosquito vector. aka breakbone fever
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Hepatitis E
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enterically transmitted, single stranded RNA virus
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Rubella and pregnancy
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highest risk during first trimester- check Rubella immune status
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RSV
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Respiratory Syncytial virus: causes pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants, cold symptoms in older children- treat with ribavarin
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Western equine encephalitis
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caused by an alphavirus
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Hantavirus transmission
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deer mice
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Flaviviruses
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St. Louis incephalitis, yellow fever, dengue fever
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St. Louis encephalitis
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spread by mosquitos
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Colorado tick fever
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spread by wood tick. causes fever, headache, retro-orbital pain, myalgia
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Yellow fever
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transmitted by mosquitoes, causes fever and jaundice
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Dengue fever
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mosquito vector. aka breakbone fever
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Hepatitis E
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enterically transmitted, single stranded RNA virus
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Rubella and pregnancy
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highest risk during first trimester- check Rubella immune status
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RSV
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Respiratory Syncytial virus: causes pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants, cold symptoms in older children- treat with ribavarin
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Western equine encephalitis
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caused by an alphavirus
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Flaviviruses
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St. Louis incephalitis, yellow fever, dengue fever
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Herpes Simplex virus complications
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common cause of blindness- virus attacks conjunctiva. Giant multinucleate cells. Encephalitis usually involves temporal lobe, has high mortality
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Adenovirus
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type 8 associated with keratoconjunctivitis, 3 and 4 associated with swimming pool conjunctivitis. causes viral sore throat in young people living in close quarters.
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Dane particle
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indicates intact Hepatitis B. e antigen and HBsAg
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Negri bodies
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pathognomonic for Rabies (but not always found). cytoplasmic inclusions in nerve cells of spinal cord and brain
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Measles
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causes maculopapular rash, 4 day fevers, 4 C's: cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, Klopik's spots
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Rubella
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acute febrile illness with rash and sub occipital lymphadenopathy
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Rhinovirus
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most prominent cause of common cold
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Chicken pox, shingles
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Varicella zoster virus
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Parainflluenza viruses
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cold, croup, bronchiolitis
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Koplik's spots
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pathognomonic for measles
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CMV
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in infant, can be antibodies passed transplacentally or produced by infant. causes cutaneous hemorrhages (blueberry muffin baby), deafness, and periventricular CNS calcifications
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Coxsackievirus A
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causes acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
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How to diagnose HSV
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Tzanck smear, culture
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Echovirus
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enteric cytopathogenic human orphan virus
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Ribavarin
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effective against Lassa, RSV, influenza A and B
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Hepatitis D
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incomplete RNA virus, requires HBsAg
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Coronavirus
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causes common cold
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CPEs
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cytopathic effects
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Interferon
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is produced in response to viral infection, causes protein that alters protein synthesis- causing inhibition of translation or transcription
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Herpes
type 1 type 2 |
type 1 usually above the belt,
type 2 usually below the belt |
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Parvovirus
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causes erythema infectiosum: Fifth disease: slapped cheek appearance, also causes hemolytic anemia. aplastic crisis in patients with sickle cell
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HIV test
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pcr
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Toxoid vaccines
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Diptheria, Tetanus, Whooping cough
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Killed Vaccines
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Inactivated influenza virus
Japanese encephalitis virus Salk poliovirus Rabies virus |
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attenuated vaccines
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Bacille Calmette-Guerin BCG vaccine (attenuated Mycobacterium bovis)
attenuated influenza virus Measles Mumpls Rubella Rotavirus Smallpox Yellow fever Salmonella enterica serotype typhi VZV |
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subunit vaccines
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anthrax
Hep B Human papillomavirus Influenza virus (HA and NA) acellular pertussis (DTaP) Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis |
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Conjugate Vaccines
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polysaccharide antigen is covanlently attached to a carrier protein to increase immunogenicity
Haemophilus influenza type B Neisseriae meningitidis (diptheriae toxoid) Streptococcus pneumoniae (diptheriae toxoid) |
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Polysaccharide vaccines
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Neisseriae meningitidis polysaccharide vaccine
Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide vaccine |
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DNA vaccines
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gene for antigen is introduced into plasmid, plasmid is injected.
Both B and T cell response no infectious agent in development: Hantavirus, Poxvirus |
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Adjuvants
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added to increase immunogenicity
-prolong persistence of antigen -induce formation of granulomas -stimulate lymphocyte proliferation |
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Herpetic Whitlow
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skin infection on hand caused by HSV
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herpes gladiatorum
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"mat herpes" common among wrestlers
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