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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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non-communicalbe disease
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a disease that is not transmitted frm one host to another
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infection
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Pathogens are multiplying in the body
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localized infction
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confined to one part of the body
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systemic infection
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spread throughout the body
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infestation
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parasitic infection
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inflammation
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reddness, heat, pain and swelling, (edema) that occur when tissues are damaged may or may not include pathogens
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acute disease
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symptoms develope rapidly
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chronc disease
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disease develope slowly
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subacute disease
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symptoms between acute and cronic
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toxemia
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toxins in blood
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veremia
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viruses in the blood
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primary infections
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acute infection that causes the initial illness
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secondary infection
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oppotunistic infection after a primary (predisposing) infection
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predisposing factors
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1. short urethra (females)
2. inherited traits 3. climate and weather 4. fatigue, age, lifestyle, chemotherapy |
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pathogenesis
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1. exsposure to pathogen
2. incubation period: point of exposure to signs and symptoms |
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prodromal period
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rght before full symptoms
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period of illness
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most people die in this stage
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period of decline
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microbes and signs begin to decrease
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period of convalescence
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cleared of microbes
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etiology
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the cause of the disease
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symptom
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subjective, a change in body function that is felt by a patient as a result of a disease. ex: nausea, pain, fatigue, ect.
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sign
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objective, a change in a body that can be measured or observedas a result of a disease. ex: rash, vomiting, diarrhea, ect.
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syndrome
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a specific group od signs snd symptoms that accompaning a disease
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iatrogenic disease
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caused as a result of treatment for another disease or condition
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communicable disease
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a disease that is spread one host to another
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cotagious disease
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a disease that is easily from one host to another
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transient microbiota
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may be present for days, weeks, months
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normal microbiota
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permanently colonize the host
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symbiosis
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is the relationship between normal microbiota and the host
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commensalism
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one organism is benifited wile the other ios unaffected
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mutualism
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both organisms benifit
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parasitism
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one organism is benifited an the expebse of the other
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microial antagonism
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is competition between microbes occupying nitches that microbes might occupy, producing acids
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probiotics
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live microbes applied to or ingested into the body, intended to exert a banificial effect
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reservoirs of infection
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are continual sources of infection
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human reservoris of infection
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ads, gonorrhea, carriers may have inapparent infection or latent diseases
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animal reservoirs of infection
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rabies, lyme disease, some (zoonoses) may be transmitted to humans
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zoonosis
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disease that usually infects wild or domesticated animals but can be transmitted to humans
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non-living reservoris of disease
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botulism, tetnus
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direct contact
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requires close association between infected and suceptible host
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indirect contact
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spread by fomites (inanimate objects) that harbor pathogens
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droplet contact
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transmission via aiborne droplets
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vehicle contact
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transmission via medium such as food, air, water
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the 5 F's of microbial transmission
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food, fingers, flies, fomites, feces
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vectors
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usually anthropods, especially fleas, ticks, and misquitoes
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mechanical (vector)
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arthropod caries pathogens on feet or body
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biological (vector)
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pathogen reproduces in vector
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nosoomial infections
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5-15% of all hospitial patients acquire nosocomial infections 1. uinary tract 40%
2. cutanious/surgery(skin) 31% 3. lower respitory 15% |
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incidence
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fraction of population that contracts a disease @ a givin time
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prevalance
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fraction of the population haveing a specific disease at @ given time
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sporadic outbreaks
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disease that occurs occasionaly in a population
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epidemic disease
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disease constantly present in a population
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pandemic disease
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worldwide epidemic
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herd immunity
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immunity in most of a population
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morbidity
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incidence of a specific notifible disease
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mortality
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deaths from a notifiable disease
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MMWR
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morbidity & mortality weekly report
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nortality rate
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number of deaths from a disease in relation to the population ina givin time ex:
10/10000 or 90/90000 |
