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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Group A Strep is cause by what pathogen?
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strep pyrogenes
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What is alpha hemolysis?
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partial hemolysis on blood agar by the bacteria (green zone around bacteria)
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What is beta hemolysis?
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complete hemolysis on blood agar by the bacteria (clear zone around bacteria)
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How is Group A strep transmitted?
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respiratory droplets or skin contact
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Adhesins (lipoteichoic acid) of Group A strep bind to what part of the ECM?
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fibronectin
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Group A strep secretion of DNAase and proteases lead to its spread and can cause life threatening diseases like:
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necrotizing fasciitis or myositis
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What makes Group A Strep hemolytic?
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streptolysin S and O that lyse blood cells = B-hemolysis
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Main factor of virulence in Group A strep?
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M protein
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M protein in Group A strep binds to ...
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keratinocytes, fibrinogen and complement proteins
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The Group A Strep capsule is made of ...
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hyaluronic acid
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Scarlet fever is caused by ...
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Group A Strep exotoxin A, B or C
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How does Group A Strep avoid the host immune response?
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hyaluronic acid capsule; also releases superantigens (exotoxin A and C)
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Most clinically important worry after Group A Strep (non-suppurative)?
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ARF (acute rheumatic fever)
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Patient recovering from Strep infection 4 days ago presents with carditis and chorea. Diagnosis and treatment:
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acute rheumatic fever; penicillin is effective within 9 days of infection (onset of sore throat)
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Major symptoms of rheumatic fever due to strep?
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carditis, arthritis, chorea, erethyma marginatum
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Patient recovering from strep begins to have blood and protein in their urine. What is happening?
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immune complexes from the recovering strep are getting caught in the basement membrane =glomerulonephritis
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What 2 skin disorders suggest strep?
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impetigo and erysipelas
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Rapid strep tests detect what specific antigen?
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group A carbohydrate antigen
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Rapid Strep throat swabs are very (specific or sensitive)?
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specific, if it is positive then there is strep. if it is negative, still need to do a full culture
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A patient with strep is allergic to penicillin. How do we treat them?
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macrolide (erythromycin)
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Leading cause of neonatal sepsis?
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Group B strep
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How does Group B strep avoid host responses?
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polysaccharide capsule
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Which strep is commonly found in abscesses?
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S. milleri
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Penicillin is (bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal)?
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bacteriostatic (inhibit growth, but do not kill)
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A patient with vancomycin resistant enterococci should be treated with...
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protein synthesis inhibitor: Dalfopristin-Quinupristin; linezolid
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Daptomycin is (bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal)
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bacteriocidal
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Daptomycin mechanism
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insert into membrane= metabolic death
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