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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three types of work that go on at the cellular level? |
Chemical Transport Mechanical |
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Define energy |
Energy is the capacity to do work |
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What is the First Law of a Thermodynamics? |
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed |
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What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics? |
Physical and chemical processes proceed in such a way that the randomness or disorder of the universe (the system and its surroundings) increases |
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ATP is a ..... |
Nucleotide |
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What is chemical work? |
Energy used in the synthesis of complex biological molecules from simpler precursors (anabolism) |
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What is transport work? |
Energy needed to take up nutrients, eliminate wastes and maintain ion balances (ex transport against electrochemical gradient takes energy) |
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What is mechanical work? |
Energy used in motility |
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How is ATP formed? |
From energy made available during catabolism |
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How does ATP make work possible? |
By its breakdown to ADP + P |
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How can oxidation be defined? |
As the removal of hydrogens from a molecule |
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What is a hydrogen made up of? |
A proton and an electron |
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A reduced molecule is... |
Has more electrons and therefore more energy. It has more H and less O per C |
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Most biological oxidations are.... |
Dehydrogenations |
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Where is the Electron Transport Chain located? |
In the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotes In the plasma membrane of prokaryotes |
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In aerobic respiration what is the final electron acceptor? |
Oxygen and it is reduced to water |
