Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The fundamental unit of living matter
|
Cell
|
|
The fluid portion of the cell, bounded by the cell membrane but excluding the nucleus (if present)
|
cytoplasm
|
|
the hereditary material of cells and some viruses
|
DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid
|
|
the study of organisms in their natural environments
|
ecology
|
|
organisms plus their nonliving environment
|
ecosystem
|
|
a method for isolating microorganisms from nature using specific culture media and incubation conditions
|
enrichment culture
|
|
protein catalysts that function to speed up chemical reactions
|
enzymes
|
|
change in a line of descent over time leading to the production of new species or varieties within a species
|
evolution
|
|
the location in an environment where a microbial population resides
|
habitat
|
|
all biochemical reactions in a cell
|
metabolism
|
|
a microscopic organism consisting of a single cell or cell cluster, including viruses
|
microorganism
|
|
a disease-causing microorganism
|
pathogen
|
|
a cell lacking a nucleus and other organelles
|
prokaryote
|
|
a culture containing a single type of microorganism
|
pure culture
|
|
involved in protein synthesis as messenger __, transfer __, and ribosomal __
|
ribonucleic acid - RNA
|
|
the hypothesis that living organisms can originate from nonliving matter
|
spontaneous generation
|
|
absence of all living organisms and viruses
|
sterile
|
|
the study of microorganisms including viruses
|
microbiology
|
|
fundamental unit of life
|
cell
|
|
the barrier that separates the inside of the cell from the outside
|
plasma membrane
|
|
where the genetic information, DNA, needed to make more cells is stored
|
nucleus (eukaryotic cells)/nucleoid (prokaryotic cells)
|
|
the four chemical components of cells, collectively called macromolecules.
|
proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, polysaccharides
|
|
characteristics of living things (6)
|
metabolism
reproduction (growth) differentiation communication movement evolution |
|
composed of groups of related cells, generally derived by successive cell divisions from a single parent cell
|
populations
|
|
populations of cells living and interacting with other populations of cells
|
microbial communities
|
|
A coding function of the cell - DNA undergoes ___ to yield more DNA
|
replication
|
|
a coding function of the cell - DNA undergoes ___ to yield RNA
|
transcription
|
|
a coding function of the cell - RNA undergoes ___ to yield protein
|
translation
|
|
genetic information from DNA + protein + ATP + precursors of macromolectules = ___
|
reproduction (growth)
|
|
living organisms together with all the physical and chemical constituents of their environment constitute an
|
ecosystem
|
|
rather small cells that lack a nucleus and also called bacteria; consitute a major portion of biomass on the earth
|
prokaryotes
|
|
plant group which lives in close association with bacteria and forms nodules on roots
|
legumes
|
|
energy stored in living organsims
|
biomass
|
|
special digestive organ in some farm animals that contain microorganisms to carry out digestion
|
rumen
|
|
discipline of science concerned with artificial manipulation of genes and their products.
|
genetic engineering
|
|
use of microorganisms in large scale industrial processes
|
biotechnology
|
|
described fruiting structures of molds ~1664
|
Robert Hooke
|
|
first person to see microorganisms in detail ~1684, utilized a crude self-made microscope to see things as small as bacteria
|
Leeuwnhoek
|
|
credited w/ founding of bacteriology, discovered genus bacillus
|
Ferdinand Cohn
|
|
opponent of spontaneous generation, used experiments with bend flask to disprove
|
Pasteur
|
|
developed germ theory of disease and four postulates of proving a specific microorganism causes a specific disease
|
Koch
|
|
formulated concept of enrichment culture, described basic tenets of virology, isolated pure cultures of nitrogen-fixing bacteria
|
beijerinck
|
|
isolated pure cultures of nitrifying bacteria clearly showing process of nitrification
|
winogradsky
|