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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 6 tissue responses to infection?
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1. Acute inflammation
2. Chronic inflammation 3. Granulomatous inflammation 4. Eosinophilia 5. Cytopathic changes 6. Widespread necrosis |
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What are the classic signs of acute inflammation?
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rubor
calor tumor dolor |
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What type of organisms cause acute inflammation?
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extracellular organisms, especially PYOGENIC (pus forming) bacteria
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What does pus contain?
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neutrophils and protein rich fluid
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What can the excess fluid buildup in acute inflammation cause?
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Edema
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What is an abscess?
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- A focal lesion where acute inflammatory response has resulted in local destruction and replacement with a collection of neutrophils (pus)
- associated with extracellular organisms |
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What will happen to an abscess over time?
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It will become surrounded by a rim of blood vessels and fibrous tissue if it is not resolved
- Bodies attempt to contain the area of infection and tissue destruction |
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If the acute infection is due to extracellular bacteria, what cell types will be seen?
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Mainly neutrophils and macrophages
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If the acute infection is due to intracellular bacteria, what cell types will be seen?
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Lymphatic infiltrates, mainly NK cells
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What cell types will be seen in a chronic infection?
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Mononuclear cells - lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages
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What type of pathogen usually causes a chronic infection?
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An INTRACELLULAR virus, bacteria, or fungi
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What is a sub type of chronic infection that is a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction?
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Granulomatous Inflammation
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What are the characteristics of a granulmatous inflammation?
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- contains epitheliod histocytes or "activated macrophages"
- Macrophages may fuse to form giant cells and they form small clusters in an attempt to wall of the infection. - Cluster = granuloma |
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What type of organisms elicit granulomatous inflammation?
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- Intracellular
- Poorly digestible - Resitant to Eradication Ex: MYCOBACTERIA (TB) and ASPERGILLUS (FUNGI) |
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What is caseous necrosis associated with?
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TB (mycobacteria)
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What causes Eosinophilia?
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Usually helminthic parasites (worms)
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How do Eosinophils kill worms?
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By binding the Fc region of IgE antibodies, then uses "major basic protein" that kills helminths
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What type of changes can be seen in a "cytopathic changes" response?
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Virus induced
- Multinucleated cells (cell fusion) - Nuclear inclusions (see virus in nucleus) - Cytoplasmic inclusions (see virus in cytoplasm) |
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What are 3 viruses that can cause cytopathic changes?
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1. Cytomegalovirus - intranuclear and cytoplasmic influsions (virus in cell)
2. Herpes simplex virus - multinucleated cells 3. HPV - enlarged nucleus, binucleated nucleus |
