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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Read: Reverse Electron Flow by Chemoautotrophs - Many energy sources used by chemo-lithotrophs have E0 more positive than NAD+(P)/NAD(P) so how do they make NADPH? Use reverse electron flow to make NADPH for biosynthesis. |
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Read over diagram slide 3 (lec 16) |
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Hydrothermal vent communities are based on what? |
Chemolithotrophy (chemolithoautotrophs) |
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Populations of chemolithotrophic bacteria can be found in deep sea hydrothermal vents, and often live in symbiotic relationships with other invertebrates. Tube worms (Riftia pachyptila) and clams (Calpytogena magnifica) who live in association with chemolithotrophs at the bottom of the sea have a unique type of _______ that provides the bacteria with a source of _______ and ________ necessary for chemoautotrophic metabolism. The bacteria, in turn, provide the worms and clams with nutrition since all digestive system features are ________. |
hemoglobin oxygen hydrogen sulfide absent |
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________: uses light as energy source |
phototrophy |
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________: light mediated ATP synthesis |
photophosphorylation |
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Use ATP for assimilation of CO2 biosynthesis |
Photoautotrophs |
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Use ATP for assimilation of organic carbon for biosynthesis |
photoheterotrophs |
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Read: MOST phototrophs also fix carbon, but some can use or even require organics – all about niche utilization |
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Read over slide 10 (lec 16) |
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Phototrophy in archaea occurs in the _______. It is not _______ based. They use ________ - a membrane bound solar powered proton pump! |
halophiles chlorophyll bacteriorhodopsin |
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Read table in slide 11 (lec 16) |
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Photosynthesis - Eukaryotes vs Bacteria Comparison of photosystems between Eukaryotes & bacteria: - _________ evolve O2: much like ________ in eukarya. And like (______), use ___ photosystems. - Other bacteria use electron donors other than ______ which makes them anoxygenic. They run __ photosystem which is either cyano ___ OR ___ -like. |
Cyanobacteria chloroplasts (chloroplasts) 2 H2O 1 PSI PSII |
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What are the 5 major bacterial phyla of anoxygenic phototrophs? |
Proteobacteria Chlorobi Chloroflexi Firmicutes Acidobacteria |
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The proteobacteria contain which 2 type of bacteria? |
Purple sulfur bacteria purple non-sulfur bacteria |
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In purple sulfur bacteria, ______ (mostly) or ___ is e- donor. |
H2S S0 |
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In purple non-sulfur bacteria _____ (mostly) is e- donor |
H2 |
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Chlorobi contain _______ which have ____ mostly or ____ as e- donor |
green sulfur bacteria H2S H2
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Chloroflexi: ________ bacteria _______ as e- donor |
green non-sulfur H2 |
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Describe the firmicutes |
Gram positive (low G+C) |
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The Acidobacteria is a new group that is abundant in _______. |
soils |
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Chlorophylls are similar to heme porphyrins of cytochromes, but have _______ instead of ______ at the center. |
magnesium iron |
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At least 7 different bacteriochlorophylls known to exist - have different _________ properties. - allow phototrophs to coexist in same habitat harvesting ____________ of light. - _________ alcohol anchors the chlorophyll into the membrane |
absorption different wavelengths hydrophobic |
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Accessory Pigments -Aid in _________ (mainly; quench toxic oxygen species that arise from photooxidation) and ______ ________ (e.g. carotenoids & phycobilins) - and give other pretty colors! |
photoprotection light harvesting |
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Accessory Pigments -In cyanobacteria ________ and ____ are responsible for their characteristic blue-green color (remember they were once called blue-green algae!) |
phycocyanins chl a |
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Photosynthesis Energy from light trapped and converted to chemical energy - two part process 1. light reactions: light energy is ______ and converted to ________ energy. 2. dark (light independent) reactions: energy produced in the light reactions is used to reduce _____ and synthesize cell constituents. |
trapped chemical CO2
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Light harvesting mechanics - In _______ & anoxygenic ________ phototrophs, pigments arranged in large complexes complexes with proteins. - _____ percentage of complexes actually form the reaction center, the rest funnel the energy to the reaction center
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cyanos purple small |
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Look over pictures on slide 19 (lec 16) |
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Light harvesting mechanics - Chlorophyll pigments may be on membrane _____ or located _____ special membrane extensions - in ___________ & _________, they are called ________ (extensive invaginations of cytoplasmic membranes). - In the purple phototrophs, _____ or ________ of membranes - extensions of membrane.
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surface within eukaryotes cyanobacteria thylakoids vesicles or stacks |
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Light harvesting mechanisms ________ function as massive antenna complexes. What type of bacteria are they found in? -Bchhl, c, d, & e are _____ attached to proteins. They run the length of the structure, passed to _____ in reaction center. - Allow to live at very _________ that wouldn't support any other phototroph. - ______ in aquatic environments - deep within __________ ______. |
Chlorosomes Found in green sulfur bacteria & green nonsulfur bacteria not Bchl a low light intensities at depth microbial mats |
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Look at picture on slide 21 (lec 16) |
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Light Reactions in Oxygenic Photosynthesis - Photosynthetic ______ & ________: ____ photosystems, that operate in tandem. Generate ______ & ______ ---> ATP - What is then used to fix CO2? - _______ is generated and released into the environment as a ______ pdt. |
eukaryotes & cyanobacteria 2 NADPH & PMF NADPH & ATP oxygen waste |
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Oxygenic Photosynthesis Energy conserved by: 1) ________ ______flow -ATP & NADPH made (______ photophosphorylation) 2) _____ ______ flow -ATP made via ____ photophosphorylation
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noncyclic electron noncyclic cyclic electron cyclic |
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Look over diagram slide 23 (lec 16) |
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