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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is metabolism? |
The sum of all chemical reactions for energy generation and biosynthetic processes within a cell |
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What is anabolism? |
The process of synthesizing complex organic molecules |
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What is catabolism? |
The process of breaking down organic complexes |
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What is aerobic respiration? |
Nutrients oxidized using oxygen as the thermal electron acceptor |
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What is anaerobic respiration? |
Nutrients are oxidized to derive energy using inorganic electron acceptor. |
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What are examples of obligate aerobes? |
Pseudomonas species, Nocardia species, and mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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What are examples of anaerobes? |
Bacteroides and Clostridia |
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What are examples of electron acceptors in anaerobes? |
Nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-), selenate (SeO42-), CO2, Fe3+ |
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What is fermentation? |
Nutrients are oxidized to derive energy using endogenous organic electron acceptors |
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What is one type of endogenous organic electron acceptor? |
Pyruvate |
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What are examples of fermentative bacteria? |
Leuconostoc, lactobacillus, and pediococcus |
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Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true? A) Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by making the reaction more exergonic. B) Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy barrier. C) Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by reducing the rate of reverse reactions. D) Enzymes change the equilibrium point of the reactions they catalyze. E) Enzymes make the rate of a reaction independent of substrate concentrations. |
B) Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy barrier.
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Which of the following is true of enzymes?
A) Nonprotein cofactors alter the substrate specificity of enzymes. B) Enzyme function is increased if the 3-D structure or conformation of an enzyme is altered. C) Enzyme function is independent of physical and chemical environmental factors such as pH and temperature. D) Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reaction by lowering activation energy barriers. E) Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reaction by providing activation energy to the substrate. |
D) Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reaction by lowering activation energy barriers.
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The bacterial ATP synthase enzyme generates ATP in a process termed?
A. Transpeptidation B. Aerobic respiration C. Substrate level phosphorylation D. Redox reaction E. None of the above |
E. None of the above |
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Which of the following molecules typically serves as a terminal electron acceptor during fermentation? A. Hydrogen sulfide B. Oxygen C. NADPH D. Pyruate E. None of the above |
D. Pyruvate |
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In biological systems, enzymes aid the process of chemical reactions by A. Generating additional ATP B. Increasing the Km of the substrate C. Activation of the proton motive force D. Synthesizing allosteric promoters E. None of the above |
E. None of the above |
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Which of the following is NOT considered one of the central metabolic pathways? A. Glycolysis B. Pentose phosphate pathway C. Replication D. TCA cycle E. None of the above |
C. Replication |
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Penicillin family (beta-lactam) antibiotics act on the process of A. Peptidoglycan synthesis B. Active transport across the plasma membrane C. Reduction of electron acceptors in the electron transport chain D. Elaboration of the outer membrane E. None of the above |
A. Peptidoglycan synthesis |
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In 1956, what microbiological system/model did Fraenkel Conrat and Schramm use to determine that nucleic acids carried the genetic information for heredity? A. Escherichia coli B. Tobacco mosaic virus C. Influenza virus D. None of the above |
B. Tobacco mosaic virus |
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In Fredrick Griffith's transforming principle experiment in 1928, which of the following experimental set of conditions yielded unexpected results? A. Injecting smooth streptococcus pneumoniae into mice resulted in NOT killing the mice B. Injecting heat killed smooth streptococcus pneumoniae into mice resulted in NOT killing the mice C. Injecting rough streptococcus pneumoniae into mice resulted in NOT killing the mice D. Injecting rough streptococcus pneumoniae and heat killed smooth streptococcus pneumoniae into mice resulted in killing the mice E. None of the above |
D. Injecting rough streptococcus pneumoniae and heat killed smooth streptococcus pneumoniae into mice resulted in killing the mice |
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During protein synthesis at the ribosome, the next amino acid to be incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain enters at the A. Ribosome binding site B. The A site C. The E site D. The P site E. None of the above |
B. The A site |
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Which bacteria played a major role in a video you saw in class talking about quorum sensing? A. Quoricum sensicum B. Bacillus subtilis C. Vibrio fischeri D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa E. None of the above |
C. Vibrio fischeri |
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Which of the following researchers are credited with deciphering the genetic code? A. Watson and Crick B. Franklin and Chargaff C. Griffith and Avery D. Jacob and Monod E. None of the above |
E. None of the above |
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Which of the following molecules is the key to translating the RNA based code into amino acids at the ribosome? A. The mRNA B. The tRNA C. The rRNA D. the RNA polymerase E. None of the above |
B. The tRNA |
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The template used by the RNA polymerase during transcription is A. The DNA leading strand adjacent to the replication fork B. The DNA lagging strand adjacent to the replication fork C. The DNA minus strand downstream of the promoter region D. The DNA plus strand downstream of the promoter region E. None of the above |
C. The DNA minus strand downstream of the promoter region
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Enzyme X speeds up the rate of a reaction AB. What is the effect of enzyme X on the activation energy of reaction AB? |
The enzyme lower the activation energy |
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When the electron carrier NADH delivers electrons to the electron transport chain is? |
Oxidized |
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Is oxidation a loss or gain of electrons?
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Loss |
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Is reduction a loss or gain of electrons?
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Gain |
