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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the structure/classification of Picornaviruses?
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Picornaviridae family is ssRNA+, icosahedral, naked, resistant to ether viruses. In this family is PERCHE, of which the last E, Enteroviruses, actually houses P,E and C or Poilioviruses, Echovirus, Coxsackie viruses.
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What are the three important pathogens covered in the Enterovirus group?
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P, E and C or PERCHE: Poliovirus, Echovirus, Coxsackie virus.
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Name some differences between Rhinoviruses and Enteroviruses, both of which are part of the Picornaviridae group. Particularly, in:
1. pH sensitivity 2. detergent sensitivity 3. site of primary infection generally 4. best temp to grow at |
1. pH sensitivity & 2. detergent sensitivity : Rhino is sensitive, Entero is not.
3. site of primary infection generally: Rhino is upper respiratory, Entero is gut 4. best temp to grow at: Rhino is 33C, Entero is 37C |
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What is the clinical disease associated with poliovirus?
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Poliomyelitis
inflammation of the gray (polios) anterior matter of the spinal cord (myelos) that leads to death of motor neurons (sensory neurons are unaffected). Paralysis occurs. poliovirus lesions are in precentral gyrus, cerebellum, and roof nuclei as well as brain-stem centers in general EXCEPT inferior olivary nuclei. |
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Where do poliovirus lesions occur in the brain?
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poliovirus lesions are in precentral gyrus, cerebellum, and roof nuclei as well as brain-stem centers in general EXCEPT inferior olivary nuclei. In brain, you see neurophagia (destruction of the nerves by poliovirus).
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Which of the following does poliovirus target?
A. Brain B. Meninges C. Liver D. Skin E. Muscle |
A. Brain
B. Meninges Hep A targets Liver Coxsackie targets all but liver (brain, meninges, skin, muscle) Echo targets meninges, skin, muscle. |
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True or False:
Recovery of virus from CSF is rare in polio (unlike with Coxsackie and Echo viruses). |
True.
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Recovery of virus from CSF is rare in [which enterovirus] as compared to [which other two enteroviruses?].
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Recovery of virus from CSF is rare in polio (unlike with Coxsackie and Echo viruses).
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Describe the mechanism of poliovirus infection.
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Infect via aerosol or ingestion. Replicate in oro-pharynx tonsils or peyer’s patches in GI tract. Then see primary viremia. After that, virus is released again and it reaches the secondary target tissue: Brain, meninges. Virus zeros in on the cells in the pons and reticular formation in the brain. It tragets also the precentral gyrus!
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True or False:
Treatment for poliovirus is mainly supportive. |
True
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Two immunizations are available for poliovirus. Detail em with regards to: name, type, immunity acquired for each, and length of immunity.
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Immunization. 2 available:
trivalent Salk vaccine, a killed virus vaccine (IPV)- obtain humoral immunity Ab in bloodstream. Need booster shots to maintain long-term immunity. trivalent live attenuated Sabin vaccine (OPV)- produces humoral immunity AND mucosal immunity. Provides lifelong immunity. Oral administration. Live vaccine (Sabin) has a possibility of mutating towards neurovirulence. |
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True or False:
Because enteroviruses are widespread and subject to mutations, eradicating polioviruses may not be enough to eliminate paralytic poliomyelitis disease as a public health problem. |
Unfortunately, true.
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What are the two main diseases caused by Coxsackie virus? Describe em.
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Hand, Foot and Mouth disease
After a short incubation period of three to seven days the illness commences with fever, slight malaise and a sore mouth. Characteristic painful ulcer lesions appear in the mouth and on the hands and feet. The syndrome occurs more frequently in children than adults and tends to be more severe. The lesions on the hands are distributed mainly on the lateral aspects of the fingers but may be found on the palm. A maculopapular rash can occur on face and body but may or may not be profuse. Herpangina - by Coxsackie A |
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Coxsackie infects via aerosol or ingestion. Replicates in oro-pharynx tonsils or peyer’s patches in GI tract. Then see primary viremia. After that, virus is released again and it reaches the secondary target tissue: Brain --> _____________, Meninges --> _________, Skin --> _______, ________,________,
Muscle --> ________,_________,________ |
Brain --> encephalitis paralysis, Meninges --> meningitis,
Skin --> Hand foot and mouth disease, rash, herpangina, Muscle --> myocarditis, pericarditis, pleurodynia. |
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Which of the following does the Coxsackie virus target?
A. Brain B. Meninges C. Liver D. Skin E. Muscle |
All but the liver!
Polio just targets brain and meninges. Echo just targets meninges, skin, muscle. Hep A just targets liver. |
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Which of the following does the Echo virus target?
A. Brain B. Meninges C. Liver D. Skin E. Muscle |
Just meninges, skin, muscle.
Polio just targets brain and meninges. Hep A just targets liver. Coxsackie targets all but liver (meninges, skin, muscle, brain). |
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What are the two conditions caused by the echovirus?
A. Poliomyelitis B. Aseptic meningitis C. Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease D. Febrile rash alone or with meningitis E. Herpangina |
B. Aseptic meningitis
D. Febrile rash alone or with meningitis I guess with Echoviruses think meningitis! |
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What are the symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease?
(Incubation period, symptoms, etc.) |
After a short incubation period of three to seven days the illness commences with fever, slight malaise and a sore mouth. Characteristic painful ulcer lesions appear in the mouth and on the hands and feet. The syndrome occurs more frequently in children than adults and tends to be more severe. The lesions on the hands are distributed mainly on the lateral aspects of the fingers but may be found on the palm. A maculopapular rash can occur on face and body but may or may not be profuse.
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What is THE MOST COMMON disease caused by Echovirus? Next most common?
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Most common disease: Aseptic meningitis. Next most common: febrile rash alone or with meningitis.
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Which diseases are associated with paralysis?
A. Polio B. CoxA C. CoxB D. Echo |
A. Polio
B. CoxA |
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Which diseases are associated with meningitis-encephalitis?
A. Polio B. CoxA C. CoxB D. Echo |
ALL are possible!
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Which is associated with Herpangina?
Which diseases are associated with paralysis? A. Polio B. CoxA C. CoxB D. Echo |
B. CoxA
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Which is associated with a rash disease?
A. Polio B. CoxA C. CoxB D. Echo |
B. CoxA
C. CoxB D. Echo |
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Which can be associated with undifferentiated fever?
A. Polio B. CoxA C. CoxB D. Echo |
ALL possible!
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The [Sabin / Salk ] vaccine is a trivalent formalin inactivated KILLED virus vaccine; The [Sabin / Salk ] vaccine is a trivalent live attenuated virus vaccine.
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Salk = killed
Sabin = liveattenuated |
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True or False:
The Salk vaccine protects against disease but NOT against localized intestinal virus infection. |
TRUE
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[ Group A / Group B ] coxsackie viruses are associated with extensive myositis and flaccid paralysis whereas [ Group A / Group B ] coxsackie viruses are associated with focal muscle lesions, fat pad necrosis, liver, heart, pancreas.
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GROUP A coxsackie viruses are associated with extensive myositis and flaccid paralysis whereas GROUP B coxsackie viruses are associated with focal muscle lesions, fat pad necrosis, liver, heart, pancreas.
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