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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tell me general information about Protozoans |
Protozoans are Unicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic cells with locomotive structures such as flagella, cilia, pseudopods |
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What are the two life cycles of Protozoans? |
The two life cycle stages of protozoans are the
Trophozoite stage (motile, feeding stage) and cyst stage (dormant resting stage) |
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How are protozoans classified? |
Protozoans are classified based on their locomotion |
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How many phyla do protozoans have? |
Protozoans have 3 Phyla.
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What are the 3 protozoan phyla? |
Phylum Sarcomastigophora
Phylum Ciliophora - ciliated locomotion
Phylum Apicomplexa (contains Sporozoans) - non-motile |
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The protozoan Phylum Sarcomastigophora is broken into two sub stages. What are they?
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Phylum Sarcomastigophora are broken down into:
Subphylum SARCODINA - pseudopod locomotion (amoeboid movement)
Subphylum MASTIGOPHORA - flagellated locomotion |
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What kind of locomotion does something in the phyla Phylum Ciliophora have? |
Phylum Ciliophora have ciliated locomotion. |
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What kind of locomotion does Phylum Apicomplexa have? |
Phylum Apicomplexa are non-motile |
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What does the Phylum Apicomplexa contain? |
the Phylum Apicomplexa contains Sporozoans |
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SARCODINIANS cause what disease and what are the symptoms |
SARCODINIANS cause Amoebic dysentery (Amoebiasis); symptoms = causes dysentery (bloody, mucus filled stools) |
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What is the causative agent of Amoebic dysentery (Amoebiasis); symptoms = causes dysentery (bloody, mucus filled stools) ? |
Causative agent: Entamoeba histolytica
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Entamoeba histolytica is what classification? |
Entamoeba histolytic are SARCODINIANS |
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How do Entamoeba histolytic move?
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Entamoeba histolytica - the trophozoite is motile using pseudopods
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How do Entamoeba histolytic enter the body?
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Entamoeba histolytic enter the body by fecal oral contamination cycle where cysts are ingested |
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What contributes to amoebic dysentary? |
sewage disposal and fertilization using human waste contribute to the disease spread (note re "night soil") |
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What kind of disease do ciliates cause? |
Ciliates cause
Disease: Balantidiosis; symptoms = causes nausea, vomiting and diarrhea or dysentery |
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ciliates are part of what phylum? |
Ciliates are protozoans in the
Phylum Ciliophora |
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What are the symptoms of Balantidiosis?
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Balantidiosis; symptoms = causes nausea, vomiting and diarrhea or dysentery |
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Balantidium coli is a ?
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ciliate |
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Balantidium coli causes
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Balantidiosis; symptoms = causes nausea, vomiting and diarrhea or dysentery |
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Where does Balantidium coli come from?
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Balantidium coli o zoonotic in pigs
o cysts from the pigs cause infection (although contaminated water is a possible means of transmission) |
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What are zoonoses? |
zoonoses = pathogens which normally infect animals other than humans and then can "jump" to a human host |
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name a zoonose |
Balantidium coli is a zoonose
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Name 5 diseases caused by MASTIGOPHORANS |
1. vaginitis (Trichomoniasis
2. giardiasis
3. African Sleeping Sickness
4. Chaga's Disease
5. Oriental Sore (Cutaneous Leishmaniasis)
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What is the 2nd most prevalent STD in the U.S and what causes it? |
the 2nd most prevalent STD in the U.S is vaginitis (Trichomoniasis). It is caused by the mastigophoran Trichomonas vaginalis
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Tell me about the structure of
Trichomonas vaginalis
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Trichomonas vaginalis have 4 anterior flagella
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What are the symptoms of Giardiasis?
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Giardiasis; symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain and flatulence |
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What causes Giardiasis; symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain and flatulence ? |
The mastigophoran Giardia lamblia causes giardiasis.
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Tell me about the structure of Giardia lamblia
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Giardia lamblia
o heart shaped trophozoite, organelles resemble a face o fecal oral contamination cycle of infection |
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What causes African Sleeping Sickness? |
African Sleeping Sickness Causative agent: the mastigophoranTrypanosoma brucei
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What is the vector for African Sleeping Sickness (the mastigophoranTrypanosoma brucei ) ? |
the vector for African Sleeping Sickness (the mastigophoranTrypanosoma brucei ) is the use use fly. |
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Where is African Sleeping Sickness (the mastigophoranTrypanosoma brucei) found? |
African Sleeping Sickness (the mastigophoranTrypanosoma brucei) is found in East and West Africa |
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What is the cycle of African Sleeping Sickness (the mastigophoranTrypanosoma brucei)?
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African Sleeping Sickness (the mastigophoranTrypanosoma brucei)
cycle: infected tse tse fly bites the human, and releases trypomastigotes into the wound |
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What are the symptoms of African Sleeping Sickness (the mastigophoranTrypanosoma brucei) ?
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symptoms of African Sleeping Sickness (the mastigophoranTrypanosoma brucei)
different forms vary in their severity; symptoms include fever, enlarged spleen and swollen lymph nodes; involves the CNS; uncontrollable sleepiness occurs during the day and sleeplessness occurs at night |
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What causes Chaga's Disease?
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Chaga's Disease is caused by the mastigophoranTrypanosoma cruzi
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What is the vector for the mastigophoranTrypanosoma cruzi ? |
the vector for the mastigophoranTrypanosoma cruzi (Chaga's disease) is the "kissing" bug
when the bug bites the host it defecates near the site and the human inoculates the wound by accidently rubbing the bug feces into it
o if not treated early enough, progresses to the heart muscle and is fatal |
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What is the causative agent of the Oriental Sore (Cutaneous Leishmaniasis) ?
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the causative agent of the Oriental Sore (Cutaneous Leishmaniasis) is the mastigophoran Leishmania tropica
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What is the vector for the mastigophoran Leishmania tropic ? |
the vector for the mastigophoran Leishmania tropic is the sand fly infection occurs when the sand fly bites the human |
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What does the mastigophoran Leishmania tropic cause?
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the mastigophoran Leishmania tropic causes infection of the capillaries of the skin; can become disfiguring |
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APICOMPLEXANS (SPOROZOANS) - have what kind of locomotive organelles when mature? |
APICOMPLEXANS (SPOROZOANS) - lack locomotive organelles when mature |
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APICOMPLEXANS (SPOROZOANS) - what is the most common disease associated with this type of protozoan? |
the most common disease associated with APICOMPLEXANS (SPOROZOANS) is malaria. |
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Name three causative agents for malaria? |
Malaria Causative agents: Plasmodium malariae Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax
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What is the vector for
Plasmodium malariae Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax
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the vector for
Plasmodium malariae Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax
is the female mosquito (Anopholes) |
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What are the symptoms of malaria? |
malaria symptoms are fever, malaise, aches, nausea, followed by chills, fever; occur at regular intervals of 48 or72 hours. |
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Tell me about the life cycle of Plasmodium |
LIFE CYCLE of Plasmodium: 2 major phases - sexual and asexual |
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What happens during the asexual phase of Plasmodium? |
The asexual phase of Plasmodium occurs in the human; sporozoites replicate in the liver and blood stream |
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What happens during the sexual phase of Plasmodium? |
the sexual phase of Plasmodium occurs in the mosquito when it takes an infected blood meal from the host |
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How does the cycle continue for a plasmodia? |
The plasmodia cycle continues when another uninfected mosquito takes a blood meal from an infected human. |
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How do you control malaria? |
Control of Malaria - methods include insecticides to reduce the mosquito population and drug treatment for infected humans; quinine is also used prophylactically on humans to prevent infection |
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What causes Toxoplasmosis ?
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Toxoplasma gondii causes Toxoplasmosis.
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What happens when someone contracts the disease Toxoplasmosis? |
Toxoplasma gondii causes Toxoplasmosis which is usually subclinical; severe in immunocompromised individuals |
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What is the primary reservoir of Toxoplasma gondii ?
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The primary reservoir of Toxoplasma gondii is
felines (domestic and wild)
infection occurs when cats groom themselves and spread fecal oocysts on their body surfaces; unhygienic handling allows infection of the human host |
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What is the causative agent of Cryptosporidiosis ?
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The causative agent of Cryptosporidiosis is Cryptosporidium
unclean food and water supplies allow infection |
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Wisconsin outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis was traced to ____________ |
Wisconsin outbreak was traced to water contaminated with animal waste |
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Symptoms of Cryptosporidiosis |
Symptoms of Cryptosporidiosis are gastroenteritis with headache |
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Helminth parasites are also called |
Helminth parasites are also called parasitic worms |
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What are the life stages of the HELMINTH PARASITES - (parasitic worms) ? |
HELMINTH PARASITES - (parasitic worms) have 3 Life Cycle Stages: the egg; larvae, and adult |
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HELMINTH PARASITES - (parasitic worms) PARASITES on |
HELMINTH PARASITES - (parasitic worms) PARASITES on host tissue with mouthparts to allow attachment to or digestion of host tissues
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HELMINTH PARASITES - (parasitic worms) infection occurs by |
HELMINTH PARASITES - (parasitic worms) infection occurs by ingestion of contaminated food, soil or water or of the infected animal; may also occur in broken skin |
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Name the 3 main groups for HELMINTH PARASITES - (parasitic worms) |
the 3 main groups for HELMINTH PARASITES - (parasitic worms)
o Trematodes (Flukes) o Cestodes (Tapeworms) o Nematodes (Roundworms)
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Tell me about the body of HELMINTH PARASITES - (parasitic worms) Trematodes (Flukes)
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the HELMINTH PARASITES - (parasitic worms) Trematodes (Flukes) have an ovoid or flattened body
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HELMINTH PARASITES - (parasitic worms) Trematodes (Flukes) cause what infection? |
HELMINTH PARASITES - (parasitic worms) Trematodes (Flukes) cause the disease Schistosomiasis.
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What is the causative agent of Schistosomiasis
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the causative agent of Schistosomiasis is the HELMINTH PARASITE - (parasitic worm) Trematode (Fluke) Schistosoma mansoni
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Schistosoma mansoni
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is a HELMINTH PARASITE - (parasitic worm) Trematode (Fluke) that cycles between snails and humans in the water supply |
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What causes Oriental Liver Fluke?
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Oriental Liver Fluke is caused by the HELMINTH PARASITE - (parasitic worm) Trematode (Fluke) Clonorchis sinensis
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The HELMINTH PARASITE - (parasitic worm) Trematode (Fluke) Clonorchis sinensis cycles between… |
The HELMINTH PARASITE - (parasitic worm) Trematode (Fluke) Clonorchis sinensis cycles between mammal host (cats, dogs, swine and snail and fish hosts); humans eat undercooked fish or snails and become infected |
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The Oriental Liver Fluke lodges where?
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The Oriental Liver Fluke lodges in the liver |
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Cestodes are also called |
Cestodes are also called tapeworms |
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Cestodes (Tapeworms) - consist of |
Cestodes (Tapeworms) - consist of a tiny holdfast connected to a chain of flattened sacs |
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What is a scolex? |
The scolex is the head of the worm that contains suckers for clinging |
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Tell me the names of 3 different types of Cestodes (Tapeworms) |
Cestodes (Tapeworms)
Taenia saginata = beef tapeworm Taenia solium = pork tapeworm Taenia pisiformis = dog tapeworm |
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What is another name for a nematode? |
Nematodes (Roundworms) |
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Tell me about the structure of Nematodes (Roundworms) |
Nematodes (Roundworms) - cylindrical worms with a cuticle (protective outer covering) |
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What is the disease Ascariasis caused by?
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the disease Ascariasis is caused by the Nematodes (Roundworms) Ascaris lumbricoides
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How does the Nematodes (Roundworms) Ascaris lumbricoides infect and what happens? |
the Nematodes (Roundworms) Ascaris lumbricoides are an intestinal nematode; eggs are ingested with food
larvae infect multiple tissues (heart, lungs) after hatching in the intestines |
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What is pinworm caused by? |
pinworm is caused by the Nematodes (Roundworms) Enterobius vermicularis
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Tell me about the disease pinworm that is caused by the Nematodes (Roundworms) Enterobius vermicularis |
pinworm that is caused by the Nematodes (Roundworms) Enterobius vermicularis is a common childhood infection; eggs are picked up from the surroundings and swallowed; eggs are found in the peri-anal region of the patient |
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What causes Trichinosis and where does it come from?
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Trichinosis is caused by trichinella spirals a zoonoses wherein disease is acquired from eating raw pork
it is a Nematode (Roundworm)
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Tell me about hookworm Nematodes (Roundworms) |
Hookworm o Causative Agent: Necator americanus eggs found in feces deposted eggs stick to skin and the larvae burrow in to reach the circulatory system |
