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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antibiotics |
Chemical made by one organisms that inhibits the growthof another organism. -Good /this/: kill bacterial cell and do not harm (host)human body. -most effective against bacteria -Penicillin was discover by Flemingand considered a ‘miracle drug' |
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biosynthesis |
the production of complex molecules within living organisms or cells. |
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Inhibition of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis |
-Peptidoglycan cell wall synthesis is inhibited -Works best on Gram + cell -(Ex: penicillin, bacitracin, cephalosporin (OLD)) |
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Inhibition of bacterial plasma membranebiosynthesis Polymyxin: |
binds to outer membrane of Gram-negative organisms |
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Inhibition of bacterial DNA and RNA biosynthesis |
Interferes with DNAreplication or transcription -Ex: Quinolones – interferes with packaging of DNA -Ex:Rifampin – inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase |
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Quinolones |
interferes with packaging of DNA |
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Rifampin |
inhibits DNA- dependent RNA polymerase |
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Sulfanilamide |
Blocks the synthesis of folic acid. |
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FOlic acid |
synthesized by bacteria and is importantprecursor for nucleic acids. |
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3 Antibiotic resistance mechanisms |
1. Degradation 2. Rapid efflux 3. Change targets |
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Degradation |
degrading or alter penicillinby b-lactamas |
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Rapid efflux |
pumping out antibiotics;removal from cell |
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Change targets |
isolation of antibioticresistance mutants; genetically modifytargets of antibiotics |
