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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Streptococcus pyogenes = ?
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? = Group A β-hemolytic Strept
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Group A β-Hemolytic Streptococci
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Gram Positive Cocci
*Local Invasion* Streptococcal pharyngitis Skin Infections Necrotizing fasciitis Scarlet fever Toxic Shock Syndrome *Delayed Antibody-mediated* Rheumatic Fever Acute postreptococcal glomerulonephritis |
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Streptococcus agalactiae = ?
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? = Group B Streptococci
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Group B β-Hemolytic Streptococci
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Gram + Cocci
Bacitracin resistant "B for Baby" neonatal: meningitis pneumonia sepsis |
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Viridans group strep
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Gram + Cocci
Alpha-hemolytic Optochin resistant * Normal Flora * Dental caries (S. mutans) * Subacute endocarditis (S. sanguis) * Abscesses (S. intermedius) |
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Enterococcus
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Gram + gamma-Hemolytic Group D cocci
* Normal flora * Hospital-acquired diseases UTI Subacute Endocarditis Rapidly vancomycin reistant |
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Streptococcus bovis
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Gram + cocci
Non-Enterococci group D strep Normal flora Similar to enterococcus, but **associated with colon cancer** * Normal flora * Hospital-acquired diseases UTI Subacute Endocarditis |
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Gram + α-hemolytic lancet shaped diplococci
Capsulated! / Quellung Optochin sensitive "P for Parents" * Pneumonia * Bacterial meningitis * Otitis media (children) |
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Staph aureus
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Gram + Coagulase + clusters
Insane Disease Spectrum! Exotoxin-mediated disease * Gastroenteritis * Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1 superantigen) * Scalded skin syndrome Direct Organ Invasion * Skin infection * Pneumonia * Osteomyelitis * Acute bacterial endocarditis * Meningitis * Septic arthritis * Bacteremia/sepsis * UTI |
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MRSA
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Treat with vancomycin
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Staphylococcus epidermidis
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Gram + Coagulase - clusters
Novobiocin sensitive Normal skin flora; common contaminant * Infects prosthetic devices |
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Staphylococcus saprophyticus
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Gram + Coagulase - clusters
Novobiocin resistant Community Acquired #2 UTIs in sexually active females (#1 E coli) |
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Bacillus anthracis
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Aerobic Gram + spore-forming rod
Only bacterium with protein capsule (poly-D-glutamic acid), phagocytosis * Cutaneous anthrax malignant pustule Painless black lesion with edema rim * Respiratory anthrax * GI anthrax |
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Bacillus cereus
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Aerobic Gram + spore-forming rod
No capsule! Motile Penicillin Resistant * Food poisoning heat labile toxins heat-stable toxins |
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Clostridium botulinum
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Anaerobic Gram + Spore forming rod
* Smoked fish or home canning * Botulism * Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACh |
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Clostridia causes...
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Tetanus
Botulism Gas gangrene Pseudomembranous colitis |
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Clostridium tetani
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Anaerobic Gram + Spore forming rod
* Toxin inhibits Renshaw cell interneurons * Prevents GABA release and glycine * Inhibition of inhibitory neurotransmitters |
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Clostridium perfringens
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Anaerobic Gram + Spore forming rod
Gas gangrene * alpha toxin (lecithinase) * myonecrosis (gas gangrene) * hemolysis |
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Clostridium difficile
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Anaerobic Gram + Spore forming rod
Often secondary to broad spectrum antibiotic use. Exotoxin kills * Pseudomembranous colitis * Diarrhea |
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Corynebacterium diphtheriae
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Gram + Non-Spore Forming Rod
Diphtheria * Pseudomembranous pharyngitis * lymphadenopathy ABCDEFG *Exotoxin coded by beta-prophage * Toxin Inhibits protein synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2 ("human antibiotic" A-B complex) * Metachromatic granules ADP ribosylation Beta-prophyage C. Dificille EF2 Granules |
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Listeria monocytogenes
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Gram + Non-spore forming rod
Only gram + with endotoxin Facultative intracellular organism * Unpasteurized milk/cheese * "actin rockets" * Meningitis in neonates / immunosuppressed * Mild gastroenteritis * Pregnant women: amnionitis, septicemia, spontaneous abortion * Granulomatosis infatiseptica (infection during birth) |
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Neisseria causes...
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gram - diplococci
Kissing Coffee Beans Neisseria meningitides Neisseria gonorrheae |
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Neisseria meningitides
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Gram negative cocci
petechial rash Meningococcemia Meningitis Waterhouse-Friedrichsen VCN media |
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Waterhouse-Friedrichsen
...aka? ... caused by? |
= Fulminant meningococcemia
Neisseria meingitides Septic shock Bilateral hemorrhage to adrenals Acute hypotension /tachycardia Rapidly enlarging skin lesions DIC Coma / Death |
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Neisseria gonorrheae
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Gram - diplococci
* Gonorrhea * Septic arthritis * neonatal conjunctivitis * UTI * PID |
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E. Coli
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Gram - Lactose Fast Fermenting Rod
Must pick up virulence factor to cause disease * UTI * Neonatal meningitis (#2) * Sepsis (#1 gram -) * ETEC (LT/ST) * EHEC (shiga-like toxin) * EIEC (also shigella) * Pneumonia |
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
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Gram - Lactose Fast Fermenting Rods
Encapsulated Non-motile Alcoholics and Hospitalized Pts * "Red currant jelly" aspiration pneumoniae * Sepsis (#2) * UTIs in foley catheters |
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Proteus mirabilis
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Gram - Rods (No oxidase No Lactose)
* super motile * Urease * UTI * Hospital acquired infection * Ricketssial cross-reactivity |
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Enterobacter
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Gram - Lactose Fast Fermenting Rods
* Normal flora, occasional hospital acquired stuff * Highly motile |
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Serratia
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Gram - Lactose Slow Fermenting Rod
* Bright red pigment * UTIs * Wound infection * Pneumonia |
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Shigella
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Gram - Rods (no lactose no oxidase)
* bloody diarrhea * same as EHEC / EIEC * Shiga toxin "human antibiotic" |
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Salmonella
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Gram - Rods (no lactose no oxidase)
Motile, like a salmon Non-lactose fermenter, like a salmon H2S, like salmonella Facultative intracellular! Vi antigen, similar to K Salmonella typhi Salmonella cholerae Salmonella enteritidis All zoonotic, minus typhoid 1) Typhoid fever 2) Gastroenteritis 3) Sepsis 4) Carrier state |
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Yersinia enterocolitica
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Gram negative
Motile * Pet feces * Contaminated milk * Pork * Day care centers * Looks like appedicitis or Crohn's |
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Vibrio cholera
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Fecal oral transmission
* A subunit permanently activates G protein * Rice water dehydration * ETEC-like disease |
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Vibrio parahaemolyticus
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sushi gastroenteritis - leading cause of diarrhea in Japan
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Campylobacter jejuni
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Comma, or S-shaped
Oxidase positive Growth at 42 degrees * Bloody loose diarrhea |
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Helicobacter pylori
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Gram-negative rod
Urease-positive * Chronic Gastritis * Duodenal ulcers * Risk factor for peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, lymphoma |
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Bacteroides fragilis
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Gram negative bacteria with no lipid A
No endotoxin * Normal flora, colon and intestine * Lame unless GI puncture |
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Gram - Oxidase + Rod (No lactose)
* Drug reps; resistant to almost everything * Sick, hospitalized, immunocompromised * Greenish-blue / Grape-like scent Clinical * Burn wound nfections * Pneumonia (cystic fibrosis) * Sepsis (black lesions on skin) * External otitis (swimmers) * Drug use endocarditis * Osteomyelitis diabetics, kids) * UTIs and pyelonephritis * Malignant external otitis * Corneal infection * Hot tub folliculitis |
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Haemophilus influenzae
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Gram negative "coccoid" rod
* Haemophilus blood-loving NAD+ Necessary * opportunistic * respiratory disease * otitis media * B capsule: meningitis, epiglottitis, septic arthritis |
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Hemophilus influenzae type B
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Gram negative "coccoid" rod
* Meningitis * Acute "red cherry" epiglottitis * Septic arthritis (#1 infants) * Sepsis (6 mo - 3 yo) |
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Haemophilus ducreyi
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Causes chancroid
PAINFUL ulcer with SIMULTANEOUS lymph nodes with PUS |
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Gardnerella vaginalis
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Pleomorphic gram-variable rod
Vaginitosis Non-white/gray vaginal discharge, fishy smelling * Clue Cells |
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Bordetella pertussis
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Gram negative "coccoid" rod
Whooping cough Bordent-Gengou medium AB Toxin: activate cAMP via G Cytoplasmic adneylate cyclase Tracheal cytotoxin |
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Whooping Cough Stages
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Catarrhal
Paroxysmal Covalescent |
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Legionella pneumophila
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Aerobic gram negative
Ubiquitous in environment Facultative intracellular Pontiac Fever Legionnaire's Disease |
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Yersinia pestis
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Gram negative rod
Facultative intracellular * Bubonic plague |
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Francisella tularensis
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Ulceroglandular tularemia
Francis the rabbit playing in tulips * Rabbits, tick, and deerflies * similar to Bubonic plague * pneumonic talermia |
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Brucella spp.
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Gram - "Coccoid" Rod
Infected animal meat * Undulant fever * brucellosis |
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Pasteurella mulocida
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Gram negative "coccoid" rod
Animal bites; cats and dogs * closed wound infections (e.g. sutures) |
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Chlamydia
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Gram negative intracellular parsite
Can't make ATP TINY * Elemntary body * Initial body * trachoma * inclusion conjunctivitis * infant pneumonia * urethritis * cervicitis, PID * epididymitis * lymphogranuloma venereum |
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Chalmydia psittaci
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Gram negative intracellular parsite
* Bird feathers * Psittacosis -- atypic pneumonia (1-3 weeks) |
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Rickettsia
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Gram negative intracellular parsite
Classic Triad Headache Fever Rash (vasulitis) on wrists "Rickettsia on wrists, typhus on trunk" Rocky Mountain spotted fever Endemic and epidemic typhus Ehrlichiosis Q fever |
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Rickettsia ricketsii
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Gram negative intracellular parsite
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fevert Ticks |
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Rickettsia akari
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Gram negative intracellular parsite
Mite-y Mouse Atari Akari Rickettsialpox transmitted via mouse mites |
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Rickettsia typhi
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Gram negative intracellular parsite
Endemic typhus Fleas. Rodent reservoir. |
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Rickettsia prowazekii
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Gram negative intracellular parsite
Epidemic Typhus Human body louse Flying squirrels reservoir. Central rash, spreads outward "Typhus on trunk" Usually 3 weeks to self resolve, sometimes fatal. |
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Rickettsia tsutsugamushi
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Gram negative intracellular parsite
Tsutsugamushi Fever. Rats-chiggers (mite larvae) |
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Bartonella henselae
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Cat scratch fever
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Coxiella burnetii
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Gram negative intracellular parsite
Rickettsia family. Q FEVER * endospores * Extracellular Survival * Ticks and cattle; spore inhalation * Pneumonia |
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Queer Q Fever
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Coxiella burnetti
* No rash * No vector * No Weil-Felix * Long external survival * No Rickettsia as genusu name |
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spirochetes
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gram negative corkscrews
BLT Borellia (big) Leptospira Treponema (darfield only) |
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Treponema pallidum
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gram negative Spirochete
Syphilis Treaet with Penicillin G. |
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Treponema pertenue
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gram negative Spirochete
Yaws. (VDRL test positive) * mother yaw * Secondary lesions * tertiary gummas in skin and bones * Facial disfigurement |
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Borrelia burgdorferi
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gram negative Spirochete
Lyme disease |
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Borrelia recurrentis
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gram negative Spirochete
Relapsing Fever Darkfield microscopy |
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Leptospira interrogans
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gram negative Spirochete
Question mark shaped Contaminated animal urine Leptospirosis * flulike symptoms * jaundice Weil's disease = icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis * Severe form * jaundice * azotemia * renal failure * liver failure * fever, hemorrhage, anemia |
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Mycobacteria
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weakly gram positive acid-fast staining rod
Tuberculosis Leprosy |
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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weakly gram positive acid-fast staining rod
TB fever night sweat weight loss hemoptysis |
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Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
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weakly gram positive acid-fast staining rod
50% AIDS Pts at Autopsy Disseminated antibiotic resistant disease in AIDS Usually only affects birds * chronic wasting * watery diarrhea |
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Mycobacterium leprae
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weakly gram positive acid-fast staining rod
* cannot be grown in media * US reservoir: armadillos * likes cool temperatures |
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Leprosy facies
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'Leonine Facies' of Leprosy
Loss of eyebrows Nasal collapse Lumpy earlobe |
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Leprosy forms
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aka Hansen's Diseaes
**Lepromatous = Lethal** No cell-mediated response Defective T cells Leonin Facies Saddlenose deformity Internal testicular damage Blindness Glove + Stocking neuropathy **Tuberculoid = Self-limiting** Hypopigmented, well defined, elevated blotches Palpable enlarged nerves Patients are non-infectious |
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Mycoplasma
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* Neither Gram -/+
* Smallest free living organisms. * No peptidoglycan wall, only cell membrane containing cholesterol. * Pleomorphic Mycoplasma pneumonia Ureaplasma urealyticum |
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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Not gram + / -, no cell wall.
Atypical Walking Pneumonia. <30 yo. Military recruits and prisons. * CXR >>> pt. * Insidious onset * Headache * Nonproductive cough * Diffuse interstitial infiltrate * Cold agglutinins * Eaton's agar |
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Ureaplasma urealyticum
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Mycoplasma. No gram +/-, no cell wall.
* UTI * Normal flora * Urease + . |
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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Gram negative intracellular parsite
Types A,B,C Africa Blindness Chronic Infection Types D-K Urethritis/PID Ectopic Pregnancy Neonatal Pneumonia Neonatal conjunctivitis Epididymitis Types L1, L2, and L3 Lymphogranuloma venereum |
