Microbio 520 Final Lecture 20

Front 1

What are all of the genetic elements of an organism called?

Back 1

Genome

Front 2

How do Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from Prokaryotic?

Back 2

Eukaryotes have telomeres (special DNA sequences) and centromeres(used in cell division), they are haploid, double stranded, and linear.

Front 3

What is gene density related to?

Back 3

Size and and number of replications

Front 4

What type of cell would you expect to find high numbers of gene repeats?

Back 4

Eukaryotic

Front 5

What are self replicating extra chromosomal elements?

Back 5

Plasmids

Front 6

Pro

Chromosome

Back 6

Extremely long, usually circular double stranded DNA molecule

Front 7

Pro

Plasmid

Back 7

Typically a relatively short, usually circular, double stranded DNA molecule which is extrachromosomal

Front 8

Pro

Viral Genome

Back 8

Single-or double stranded DNA or RNA molecule

Front 9

Pro

Transposable Element

Back 9

Double stranded DNA molecule always found within another DNA molecule

Front 10

Euk

Chromosome

Back 10

Extremely long, linear, double stranded DNA molecule

Front 11

Euk

Plasmid (very rare)

Back 11

Typically a relatively short circular or linear double stranded DNA molecule which is extrachromosomal

Front 12

Euk

Mitochondrion or Chloroplast

Back 12

Intermediate length DNA molecules, usually circular

Front 13

Euk

Viral Genome

Back 13

Single or double stranded DNA or RNA molecules

Front 14

Euk

Transposable Element

Back 14

Double stranded DNA molecule always found within another DNA molecule

Front 15

These are mobile genetic elements that can move from one place on the chromosome to another.

Back 15

Transposbale Elements

Front 16

What are the 3 types of transposable elements on Bacteria

Back 16

insertion sequences, transposons, and some transposable viruses

Front 17

What does the addition of nucleotides to the growing chain require?

Back 17

3'-hydroxyl

Front 18

DNA replication always procedes in what direction?

Back 18

5' phosphate of incoming nucleotide attached to 3' hydroxyl

Front 19

What does DNAP require?

Back 19

A primer

Front 20

What two things catalyze DNA synthesis?

Back 20

DNAP and dNTP

Front 21

What is semiconservative?

Back 21

Both strands are replicated
and both serve as templates

Front 22

How many replications fork are there in E. coli what is it called and what does this stucture resemble?

Back 22

2 replication forks, bidirectional replication, theta structure

Front 23

Origin of replication

Back 23

Contains a number of short sequences elements(~300) bp that are recognized by the proteins of the initiation complex

Front 24

Topoisomerases

Back 24

These are needed to keep the DNA from getting overwound and to allow resolution of the daughter molecules

Front 25

DNAP

Back 25

Carries out DNA synthesis

Front 26

DNAP III

Back 26

Main processive enzyme and synthesis of leading AND lagging strands

Front 27

DNAP I

Back 27

Responisble for removing the RNA primer on the Lagging strand and also participates in DNA repair processes

Front 28

This requires a template and a primer with 3' OH

Back 28

DNAP III

Front 29

Exonuclease

Back 29

Cleves nucleotide to put in correct one depolymerizes DNA

Front 30

This DNAP has 3'-5' exonuclease activity

Back 30

DNAP III

Front 31

This enzyme has 3'-5' and 5'-3' exonuclease activity

Back 31

DNAP I

Front 32

DNA helicases

Back 32

Bind at the replication fork and sperate DNA strands.

Front 33

Leading strand

Back 33

Nucleotides are added to the 3'OH of the growing strand as directed by the template strand.

Front 34

Primase

Back 34

DNA dependent RNA polymerase

Front 35

Lagging strand

Back 35

Made discontinuously in steps.

Front 36

The ends of eukaryotic chromosomes are maintained by the addition of small repeats by and enzyme containing an RNA strand that acts as a template is called?

Back 36

Telomerase

Front 37

DNA Ligase

Back 37

forms bonds to link chains closes phosphodiester backbone