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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who gets their nutrition from carbon sources?
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Heterotrophs: organic compounds
Autotrophs: can synthesize organic materials from inorganic carbon sources Hypotroph: intracellular parasites |
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Who gets their nutrition from energy sources?
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phototroph: energy from light
chemotroph: energy from breakdown of carbon sources |
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Who gets their nutrition from electron sources?
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Lithotrophs: from reduced inorganic molecules
Organotrophs: from organic molecules |
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What are the 4 major nutritional types?
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Chemoorganotrophs
Chemolithotrophs Photoorganotrophs Photolithotrophs |
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Charateristics of nitrogen?
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1. component of proteins, NA's and vitamins
2. Comes from either inorganic sources OR breakdown or proteins |
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Characteristics of vitamins?
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1. Some can be synthesized
Examples: folic acid, riboflavin |
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Characteristics of Minerals?
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Inorganics essential for metabolism
Examples: potassium, sulfer, magnesium |
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What are some trace elements needed by bacteria?
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Copper, zinc, iron, cobalt
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What percentage of water is a bacterial cell?
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80%
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What does a microaerophile need?
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Oxygen, but at lower concentration 20%
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What does a capneic need?
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CO2 between 3 and 10 percent
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A bacteria's sensitivity to oxygen may be due to what?
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Formation of superoxide radical during metabolism - which can kill the bacteria
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What is an aerotolerant anaerobe
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Does not require free oxygen, but can tolerate it
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What is a facultative anaerobe?
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PREFERS oxygen, but can be anaerobic if it has to
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Temp requirements?
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Psychrophiles 0-20 C
Psychrotrophs 15-45 C Psychrodurics Cold Tolernt Mesophiles 20-45 C Thermophiles 45-90 C Thermodurics Heat Toelrnt Tolernt: will survive, just will not grow. Most are mesophiles |
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Temperature: what is obligate prefix mean?
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It MUST have this range to survive
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Temperature: what is facultative prefix mean?
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It CAN tolerate OTHER temperatures
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What pH range do most bacteria prefer?
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7pH
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What are the pH ranges for bacteria?
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Acidophiles 0-5.4 pH
Neutrophiles: 5.4-8.5 pH Alkalinophiles: 7-11.5 pH |
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If a cells bursts do to a hypotonic environment..what is this called?
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Plasmoptysis
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If a bacteria cell SHRINKS due to a hypertonic environment, what is this called?
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Plasmolysis
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What do we call salt loving organisms?
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Halophiles 3.5% NaCl
There are extreme Halophiles as well |
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What is "in vitro"?
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In glass
Cultivating bacteria in some type of material |
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What is "in vivo"?
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In life
Cultivating bacteria in a living thing, such as an animal |
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What is a fastidious bacteria?
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One that has complex nutritional and environment requirements
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What is differential media?
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Contains something like pH indicators and allows DISTINCTION between types of bacteria
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What is selective media?
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Media that contains something to inhibit growth of something while encouraging growth of something else
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What is enrichment media?
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Specific nutrients to encourage growth of specific organisms
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What are the two pathways that occur during the cell cycle
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1. DNA replication and partition
2. Cytokinesis |
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What is happening during "partitioning"?
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1. Replication begins at "origin of replication"
2. Replication ends a terminus 3. Replisome proteins synthesize DNA 4. DNA replicates in both directions |
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What is happening during "cytokinesis"?
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Septation: formation of cross walls between daughter cells (the septum)
Cell divides |
