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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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WHAT ARE THE (3) BASIC NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MICROBIAL GROWTH
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SOURCE OF NUTRIENTS
SOURCE OF ENERGY HYDROGEN ATOMS THAT DONATE ELECTRONS |
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ONE OF THE 3BASIC NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS IS "SOURCE OF NUTRIENTS" ....WHAT DOES THAT MEAN
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THE ELEMENTS NEEDED AS BUILDING BLOCKS FOR BIOSYNTHESIS OF NEW CELL COMPONENTS
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ELEMENTS REQUIRED IN LARGE AMOUNTS BY THE CELL ( WHEN DISCUSSING SOURCE OF NUTRIENTS)
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MACROELEMENTS
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WHAT PERCENT OF DRY WEIGHT (WATER TAKEN AWAY) DO MACROELEMENTS MAKE UP
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~95%
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WHAT ARE THE (9) MACROELEMENTS
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C H N O P Ka Fe S Mg
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DEFINE MICROELEMENTS
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REQUIRES FOR GROWTH BUT ONLY IN TINY AMOUNTS
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WHAT ARE THE 5 MICROELEMENTS
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COPPER COBALT NICKEL ZINC MANGANESE
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WHAT ARE THE (2) STRATEGIES USED TO SATISFY CARBON/NUTRIENTS REQUIREMENT
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AUTOTROPH
HETEROTROPH |
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LITERAL MEANING OF AUTOTROPH
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"SELF FED"
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DEFINE THE LITERAL MEANING OF HETEROTROPH
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"MIXED FED"
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WHAT KINDS OF COMPOUNDS DO HETEROTROPHS(USED AS STRATEGY FOR CARBON/NUTRIENTS REQ) USE
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HETEROTROPHS USE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS TO SATISFY CARBON NUTRIENTS REQ
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WHAT DO AUTOTROPHS USE AS THE SOLE SOURCE OF CARBON
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MICROBES USE CARBON DIOXIDE AS THE SOLE SOURCE OF CARBON
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DEFINE ENERGY
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CAPACITY TO DO WORK
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(3) KINDS OF WORK THAT A CELL DOES
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BIOSYNTHESIS OF CELL COMPONENTS
ACTIVE TRANSPORT MOTILITY |
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WHAT ARE THE (4) ORGANIC COMPOUNDS THAT HETEROTROPHS USE
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GLUCOSE
AMINO ACIDS PURINES PYRIMIDINES |
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WHAT DO CELLS USE AS CURRENCY TO PAY FOR WORK
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CELLS USE ATP AS CURRENCY
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LIST THE RXN WHEN ATP IS USED TO PAY FOR WORK
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ATP---+Pi----+ ENERGY TO DO WORK
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NOTE: THE CELL CAN'T DO ANY WORK W/OUT $ OR ATP
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MONEY IS THE SAME AS ATP
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TO DO WORK...CELLS MUST FIRST MAKE ATP----HOW
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ADP + Pi + energy------ATP
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WHAT ARE THE TWO STRATEGIES TO MAKE ATP
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PHOTOTROPH
chemotroph |
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LITERAL MEANING OF PHOTOTROPH
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"LIGHT FED"
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DEFINE PHOTOTROPH
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MICROBES THAT USE SUNLIGHT IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS....ONE OF THE STRATEGIES CELLS USE TO MAKE ATP
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DEFINE THE CHEMICAL EQUATION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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H2O + CO2 + SUNLIGHT---->C6 H12 O6+ O2 + A LITTLE ATP
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HOW IS MOST OF THE ENERGY FROM SUNLIGHT STORED
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ENERGY FROM SUNLIGHT IS NOW STORED AS CHEMICAL ENERGY IN BONDS OF GLUCOSE
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CELLS MUST CREATE __________ TO "PAY" FOR WORK
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ATP
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WHAT IS THE SECOND STRATEGY FOR CREATING ENERGY
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CHEMOTROPH
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LITERAL MEANING OF CHEMOTROPH
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"CHEMICAL FED"
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DEFINE CHEMOTROPH
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MICROBES USE CHEMICAL ENERGY IN BONDS OF ORGANIC OR INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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LIST THE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS RELATED TO CHEMOTROPHS
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GLUCOSE
AMINO ACIDS PURINES PYRIMIDINES |
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LIST THE INORGANIC COMPOUND RELATED TO CHEMOTROPHS
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AMMONIA
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WHAT ARE THE THREE MECHANISMS TO CREATE ATP
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AEROBIC RESPIRATION
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION FERMENTATION |
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WHAT CREATES THE MOST ATP OF THE (3) MECHANISMS
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AEROBIC ( O2 ) RESPIRATION CREATES THE MOST ATP
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(4) STEPS OF AEROBIC (OXYGEN) RESPIRATION
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CREATES THE MOST ATP
FASTEST GROWER OXYGEN SERVES AS THE FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR OXYGEN IS THEN REDUCED TO WATER |
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LITERAL MEANING OF ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
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NO OXYGEN
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DESCRIBE ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION....( MECHANISM TO CREATE ATP)
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---LESS ATP CREATED THAN AEROBIC
---SLOWER GROWTH THAN AEROBIC ---USES NON OXYGEN, INORGANIC COMPOUNDS AS THE FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR |
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LIST THE NON OXYGEN, INORGANIC COMPOUNDS ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION USES AS THE FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR
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NITRATE---->NITRITE
SULFATE---->HYDROGEN SULFIDE CARBONATE-->METHANE ------> = REDUCED TO |
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DEFINE THE STEPS OF FERMINTATION
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---LEAST ATP CREATED
---SLOWEST GROWTH ---USES AN ORGANIC COMPOUND AS THE FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR |
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GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF AN ORGANIC COMPOUND THAT IS USED IN FERMINTATION
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PYRUVATE----->LACTID ACID
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THREE MECANISMS ARE USED TO CREATE ATP.... WHAT HAPPENS TO ELECTRONS IN ALL THREE
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e- ARE "PASSED" FROM COMPOUND TO COMPOUND, W/ EACH PASS SM. BITS OF ENERGY ARE GIVEN OFF
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IN ALL 3 MECHANISMS TO CREATE ATP...WHAT EQUATION IS MADE
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ADP + Pi--------->ATP
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HOW ARE LIVING CELLS LIKE BATTERIES
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AS e- FLOW, ENERGY GIVEN OFF CREATES LIGHT
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WHY DO BATTERIES EVENTUALLY DIE
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1)RUN OUT OF e- TO FLOW
2 e- NEUTRALIZE + SIDE OF BATTERY, NO MORE + ATTRACTION FOR e- 3) SOURCE OF e- OR H ATOMS |
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HOW ARE CELLS DYING RELATED TO CELLS
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CELLS CAN'T DIE, SO THE LAST e- ACCEPTOR COMES INTO PLAY
02---->H2O NITRATE----->NITRITE PYRUVITE---->LACTIC ACID |
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THERE ARE 2 STRATEGIES FOR "SOURCE OF e- OR H ATOMS...WHAT ARE THEY
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ORGANOTROPH
LITHOTROPH |
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LITERAL MEANING OF ORGANOTROPH
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"ORGANIC FED"
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WHAT DO ORGANOTROPHS USE TO SUPPLY e-....GIVE 4 EXAMPLES
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ORGANOTROPHS USE AN ORGANIC COMPOUND TO SUPPLY e-
GLUCOSE AMINO ACIDS PURINES PYRIMIDINES |
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LITERAL MEANING OF LITHOTROPH
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"STONE FED OR ROCK FED"
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WHAT DO LITHOTROPHS USE AS THERE SOURCE OF e-
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LITHOTROPHS USE REDUCED, INORGANIC COMPOUNDS AS THERE SOURCE OF e-
NITRITE HYDROGEN SULFIDE |
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LITERAL MEANING OF PHOTOTROPHS
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"FIRST FED"
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LITERAL MEANING OF PHOTOTROPHS
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"FIRST FED"
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SOME MICROBES CANT SYNTHESIZE EVERYTHING THEY NEED FOR GROWTH AND MUST OBTAIN THESE COMPOUNDS PRE-MADE FROM THE ENVIRONMENT =
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AUXOTROPH
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LITERAL MEANING OF AUXOTROPH
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"FED TO GROW"
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WHAT IS NECESSARY FOR MICROBES BEING ABLE TO SYNTHESIZE EVERYTHING THEY NEED FOR GROWTH
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THE (3) BASIC NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS ARE NECESSARY
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WHEN MICROBES HAVE EVERYTHING ( 3) BASIC NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS AVAIL FOR GROWTH,,,THEY ARE CALLED ____________-
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PROTOTROPHS
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LITERAL MEANING OF "AUXOTROPH"
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"FED TO GROW"
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COMPOUNDS REQUIRED BY AUXOTROPHS ( FED TO GROW) ARE CALLED
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GROWTH FACTORS
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LIST (4) EXAMPLES OF GROWTH FACTORS
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VITAMINS, AMINO ACIDS, PURINES OR PYRIMIDINES
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IN THE LAB,,,,HOW CAN PROTOTROPHS BE GROWN
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IN THE LAB...PROTOTROPHS CAN BE GROWN ON A MINIMAL MEDIUM
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WHAT IS A MINIMUL MEDIUM
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(3) BASIC NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
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IN THE LAB....HOW ARE AUXOTROPHS GROWN
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IN THE LAB...AUXOTROPHS ARE GROWN ON AN ENRICHED MEDIUM
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DEFINE AN ENRICHED MEDIUM
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(3) BASIC NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS + GROWTH FACTORS
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NO GROWTH FACTORS ( ON AN ENRICHED MEDIUM ) MEANS WHAT
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NO GROWTH
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