Microbial Metabolism

Front 1

beta-oxidation

Back 1

series of reactions that breaks down fatty acids into acetyl-coA

Front 2

anaerobic respiration

Back 2

terminal electron acceptor in this type of metabolism is an oxidized mineral (like nitrate)

Front 3

photophosphorylation

Back 3

produces ATP from photons in order to produce a proton motive force

Front 4

fermentation

Back 4

terminal electron acceptor is an organic molecule, anaerobic, ethanol and lactic acid

Front 5

aerobic respiration

Back 5

oxygen is terminal electron acceptor

Front 6

electron transport chain

Back 6

series of redox reaction centers that generate PMF

Front 7

dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Back 7

3 Carbon sugar with 1 phosphate group that can be converted to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P/PGAL) or glycerin

Front 8

phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

Back 8

Compound that has a high energy bond that provides free energy to drive ATP synthesis by substrate level phosphorylation

Front 9

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

Back 9

3-carbon sugar acid that has 2 phosphate groups, one is attached by a high energy phosphoanhydride bond that can provide the free energy to drive ATP synthesis by substrate level phosphorylation

Front 10

pyruvate

Back 10

3 carbon alpha-keto-diacid that is the end product of glycolysis, it can be converted to lactic acid, acetyl-coA or alanine

Front 11

oxaloacetic acid

Back 11

a 4-carbon alpha-keto-diacid that acts as one of the two starting materials for the Krebs Cycle or can be used to make the amino acid aspartate

Front 12

citric acid

Back 12

a 6-carbon tricarboxylic acid that is formed and then broken down by the reactions of the Krebs Cycle

Front 13

GTP

Back 13

a purine nucleotide with three phosphate groups similar to ATP that can act as a starting material for RNA synthesis or as an energy carrier

Front 14

alpha-keto-glutarate

Back 14

a 5-carbon alpha-keto-diacid that can be converted to succinyl-coA or the amino acid glutamate.

Front 15

FAD

Back 15

Oxidized form of the electron carrier that accepts 2 hydrogens that are given off when succinate is oxidized to fumarate.

Front 16

Acetyl-CoA

Back 16

A 2-carbon unit attached to a carrier group that acts as one of the two starting materials for the Krebs cycle or can be used to make fatty acids.

Front 17

oxidation

Back 17

lose 2 H or gain an O

Front 18

reduction

Back 18

gain 2 H or lose an O

Front 19

negative strand RNA

Back 19

A strand of nucleic acid that is the complement of the strand that is read by ribosomes, this type of nucleic acid may be the genomic material or a replication intermediate of certain viruses.

Front 20

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Back 20

A molecule of nucleic acid that contains the information needed to direct the synthesis of a protein by a ribosome.

Front 21

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Back 21

A molecule of nucleic acid that is an important structural element of the enzyme complex that synthesizes proteins.

Front 22

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Back 22

A molecule of nucleic acid that is covalently attached to an amino acid and is used in the reading of codons by a ribosome.

Front 23

Protein

Back 23

A molecule that is a chain of amino acids and may be an enzyme or a component of the structure of a cell.

Front 24

Double Stranded DNA

Back 24

The repository of genetic information in all cellular life forms.

Front 25

RNA polymerase is involved in the transcription of the genetic code.

Back 25

A segment of the genetic information which is encoded in double stranded DNA is copied to a single stranded molecule of RNA.

Front 26

The genetic code is universal.

Back 26

With some minor exceptions, the genetic code is the same in all living organisms.

Front 27

The genetic code is unambiguous.

Back 27

A given codon ALWAYS specifies the incorporation of a specific amino acid into a growing protein chain.

Front 28

Ribosomes and transfer RNAs are involved in the translation of the genetic code.

Back 28

Protein synthesis requires the conversion of information which is encoded in a sequence of nucleotides to a sequence of amino acids

Front 29

The genetic code is redundant.

Back 29

Often two or more different codons specify the same amino acid to be incorporated into a growing protein chain.

Front 30

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Back 30

A molecule of nucleic acid that is an important structural element of the enzyme complex that synthesizes proteins.

Front 31

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Back 31

A molecule of nucleic acid that is covalently attached to an amino acid and is used in the reading of codons by a ribosome.

Front 32

Protein

Back 32

A molecule that is a chain of amino acids and may be an enzyme or a component of the structure of a cell.

Front 33

Double Stranded DNA

Back 33

The repository of genetic information in all cellular life forms.

Front 34

RNA polymerase is involved in the transcription of the genetic code.

Back 34

A segment of the genetic information which is encoded in double stranded DNA is copied to a single stranded molecule of RNA.

Front 35

The genetic code is universal.

Back 35

With some minor exceptions, the genetic code is the same in all living organisms.

Front 36

The genetic code is unambiguous.

Back 36

A given codon ALWAYS specifies the incorporation of a specific amino acid into a growing protein chain.

Front 37

Ribosomes and transfer RNAs are involved in the translation of the genetic code.

Back 37

Protein synthesis requires the conversion of information which is encoded in a sequence of nucleotides to a sequence of amino acids

Front 38

The genetic code is redundant.

Back 38

Often two or more different codons specify the same amino acid to be incorporated into a growing protein chain.