Microbial Diseases Of The Skin And Eyes

Front 1

SKIN BACTERIA

Staphylococcus aureus

Back 1

Disease: Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

Pathogensis/ Symptoms:
1.produces a toxic shock syndrome toxin
2.TSST is a superantigen
3.immune response cause fever, vomiting, rash, fatigue and shock

-most cases are nosocomial, though tampons cause a minority of them.
-25% of ppl are carriers. (mostly in nose)

Front 2

SKIN BACTERIA

Streptococcus pyogenes

Back 2

Disease: Necrotizing fasciitis

Pathogenesis/ Symptoms:
1.produces exotoxin A.
2.exotoxin A is a superantigen
3.immune response cause destruction of local tissues

-aka group A strep, beta strep (b/c of beta-hemolysis)
-10% of ppl are carriers (mostly in throat)

Front 3

SKIN BACTERIA

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Back 3

Disease: Otitis externa

Pathogenesis/ Symptoms:
Inflammation of the outer ear canal.

-"Swimmer's ear"
-constant wetness of ear canal increases risk

Front 4

SKIN BACTERIA

Propionibacterium acnes

Back 4

Disease: Inflammatory acne

Pathogenesis/ Symptoms:
1.digestion of sebum lipids release fatty acids.
2.fatty acids become irritating
3.inflammatory response occurs (red, swelling, pus)

-normal microbiota
-contributes to acidity of skin
-increases sebum production at adolescence
-increases P. acnes food -- acne

Front 5

SKIN VIRUSES

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

Back 5

Disease: Warts

Pathogenesis/ Symptoms:
1.virus stimulates cell division
2.small growths develop usually benign

-genital warts
-some HPVs may cause skin or cervical cancer.

Front 6

SKIN VIRUSES

Herpes Simplex Virus 1

Back 6

Disease: Cold Sores

Pathogenesis/ Symptoms:
Remains in the trigeminal nerves. Reactivation cause eruptions usually on the edges of the lips.

-Human Herpesvirus-1 (HHV-1)
-90% of U.S. population is infected.
-infected during infancy usually.

Front 7

SKIN VIRUSES

Herpes Simplex Virus 2

Back 7

Disease: Genital Herpes

Pathogenesis/ Symptoms:
Remains in the sacral nerves. Reactivation cause eruptions on the external genitalia.

-Human Herpesvirus-2 (HHV-2)
-25% of adults over 30 are infected.

Front 8

SKIN VIRUSES

Varicella Zoster Virus

Back 8

Disease: Chickenpox and Shingles

Pathogensis/ Symptoms:
Remains latent in nerves. Reactivation causes Shingles.

-Human Herpesvirus-3 (HHV-3)
-Transmitted by direct contact or the respiratory route.

Front 9

SKIN VIRUSES

Human Herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8)

Back 9

Disease: Kaposi's Sarcoma

Pathogenesis/ Symptoms:
Raised dark red lesions on the skin.

-almost always an indicator of AIDS.

Front 10

SKIN FUNGI

Dermatophytes

Back 10

Disease: Tinea

Pathogenesis/ Symptoms:
Produces keratinases (and other protiens) which permit infection of skin, hair, and nails.

-Jock itch (tinea cruris), athelete's foot (tinea pedis), ringworm (tinea capitis - head or tinea corporis - body), nail infections (tinea unguium)

Front 11

SKIN FUNGI

Candida Albicans

Back 11

Disease: Candidiasis

Pathogenesis/ Symptoms:
Whitish patches on surface.

-"Yeast infection"
-Normal Microbiota in mouth and vagina.
-Antibiotic therapy increases risk when NM are eliminated.
-Sign of failing immune system (especially during HIV infection - decreas in T-helper cells.)

Front 12

SKIN FUNGI

Malassezia globosa

Back 12

Disease: Dandruff

Pathogenesis/ Symptoms:
1.digestion of sebum lipids release fatty acids.
2.the fatty acids irritate the skin (itch)
3.irritation causes an increase in cell division (flaking)

Front 13

SKIN HELMINTHS

Dracunculus medinensis

Back 13

Disease: Dracunculiasis

Pathogenesis/ Symptoms:
Emerging worm causes blister and burning sensation.

-Transmitted in contaminated drinking water.
-Filtering water prevents infection.
-Humans are the one and only host.
-May be the 2nd disease to be eradicated by humans. (smallpox was the first.)

Front 14

SKIN ARTHROPODS

Pediculus humanus

Back 14

Disease: Pediculosis

Pathogenesis/ Symptoms:
1.lice feed on blood
2.sensitization to the louse saliva occurs
3. results in itching

-head and body lice
-does not include pubic lice ("crabs") which are called Phthirus pubis.

Front 15

EYE BACTERIA

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
or Chlamydia trachomatis

Back 15

Disease: Neonatal conjunctivitis

Pathogenesis/ Symptoms:
Infection of the conjunctiva, which can lead to eventual damage to the cornea and blindness.

-transmitted to newborns during birth
-prevented by erythromycin added to the eyes of newborns.

Front 16

EYE BACTERIA

Chlamydia trachomatis

Back 16

Disease: Trachoma

Pathogenesis/ Symptoms:
1.infection of conjunctiva
2.long-term inflammation>scar eyelids
3.scars abraze the cornea>blindness

-same as chlamydia but transmitted by touching, fomites, vectors,etc.
-leading infectious cause of blindness
-obligate intracellular parasites.