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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of rickettsial diseases?
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a group of arthropod borne diseases characterized by fever and rash and caused by gram negative road of the genus Rickettsia
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Can you grow rickettsia on culture?
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NO
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What stain do you use to stain these?
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giemsa stain in tissues
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All except what rickettsia are arthropod borne
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Coxiella burnetii
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Organisms multiply where?
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in the insect vector
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Which rickettsia does not produce a rash?
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Q fever
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Which rickettsia show eschar?
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scrub typhus
spotting fevers EXCEPT RMSF |
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What are some symptoms of most rickettsia
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fever
rash (except Q fever) headache conjunctivitis pharyngitis myalgias arthralgias hepatospleenomegaly eschar (scrub typhus & spotted fevers except RMSF) |
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What is the best way to diagnose a rickettsial disease?
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serologic tests
specific anti-rickettsial titers weil felix test |
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What is the treatment for all rickettsial diseases?
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tertracycline
chloramphenical |
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what is the Etiology for epidemic louse borne typhus
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rickettsia prowazekii
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where does epidemic louse borne typhus usually occur?
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cooler highlands of developing countries
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how is epidemic louse borne typhus transmitted?
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body louse
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what is the only rickettsial disease where illness occurs in the vector?
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epidemic louse borne typhus
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primary disease of epidemic louse borne typhus is usually severe or mild?
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severrrrrre
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what are symptoms seen with epidemic louse borne typhus?
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abrupt onset of
headache fever flushing vomiting hypotension NO eschar rash starts 5-9 days after onset ***starts centrally and sparing face, palms, and soles |
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When is the critical period during epidemic louse borne typhus?
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2nd and 3rd week
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what are the signs in the critical period of epidemic louse borne typhus?
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meningoencephalitis
delirium coma high fevers pneumonia |
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What is the disease called when a epidemic louse borne typhus relapses months or years later?
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brill zinsser disease
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how do you diagnose epidemic louse borne typhus?
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IgM in primary dz
IgG in brill zinsser dz |
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what is the etiology for endemic flea borne typhus
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rickettsia typhi
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where is endemic flea borne typhus usually found?
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in warm zones where people and rats live in teh same house
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how is endemic flea borne typhus transmitted?
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through rat fleas
rat flea rat with human as incidental host |
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what are clinical findings of endemic flea borne typhus?
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similar to epidemic typhus but milder
less prominant rash shorter duration no eschar |
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is the outcome better or worse in endemic flea borne typhus
why? |
better
no relapsing form |
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how do you control endemic flea borne typhus?
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insect control first
then DDT application to rat infested areas |
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how do you control epidemic louse borne typhus?
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elimination of lice
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what is the etiology of scrub typhus?
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rickettsia tsutsugamushi
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where is scrub typhus usually found?
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endemic in rural asia and western pacific
does not occur in other countries FOCAL distribution in these regions |
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Outbreak of scrub typhus are often due to what?
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ecological alterations (landslides, fires, monsoons)
man made alterations (jungle clearing, road building) |
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How is scrubs typhus transmitted
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zoonosis maintained in mites and their rodent hosts
humans develop incidental infection by the bite of infected mites |
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what symptoms do you see with scrubs typhus?
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fever
headaches myalgias rash in second week: pink, maculopapular, truck to extremeties includes palms and soles eschar lymphadenitis eye findings |
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how does one diagnose scrubs typhus
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serology
scrub typhus is only rickettsia to cross react with OXK antigen who cares? |
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how do you control scrubs typhus
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mite control
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what is the etiology for spotted fevers
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r. rickettsii - RMSF
r. conorii - tick typhus group r. akari - rickettsialpox |
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where is RMSF found
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north america
mexico central and south america |
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where is the tick typhus group found
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mediterranean, black and caspian sea coasts
east central africa thailand malaysia |
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where is rickettsial pox found
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patchy distribution
west, central, southern africa |
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how is RMSF and tick typhus transmitted
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tick bites
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how is rickettsialpox transmitted
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mite bite
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what clinical features do you find with RMSF
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severe
rash is very prominant big blotchy macular rash rash starts on the distal extremeities |
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what are some complications of RMSF
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edema
capillary leak shock dic |
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what clinical features do you see with rickettsialpox
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mild febrile illness
prominant eschar regional lymphadentitis mild rash |
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what clinical features do you see with tick typhus
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eschars
general symptoms similar to epidemic typhus but rash is very prominent |
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how does one diagnose spotted fevers?
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specific serologies
BUT rickettsialpox does NOT react in the Weil Felix test |
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how does one prevent spotted fevers?
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tick control
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what is the etiology of Q fever
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coxiella burneti
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where can you find Q fever
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endemic in areas where domestic animals are raise
US africa europe |
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how is Q fever transmitted?
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usually not insect borne
human dz acquired by inhalation of aerosols from tissues and body fluids of infected animals (including Milk) |
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how is Q fever maintained in nature
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in domestic and wild animals via infected ticks, lice, fleas, insect borne transmission to humans is RARE
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what are clinical findings of q fever?
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RASH IS RARE
mild fever headache myalgias pharyngitis interstitial pneumonia hepatomegaly hepatitis chronic endocarditis occurs rarely |
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how do you diagnose Q fever
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specific serologies (no weils felix reaction)
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how does one prevent and control Q fever
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disposal of livestock waste
inactivated vaccine for livestock and human at risk |
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what is the etiology of trench fever?
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bartonella quintana
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what is the other barton dz we study
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bartonellosis
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how is trench fever transmitted
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dz is acquired by inoculation of louse feces through skin
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where is trench fever found
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eastern europe and north africa
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who is the primary reservoir in trench fever
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huMANS
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what are the clinical features of trench fever
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fever
conjunctivitisiisfdjlkfj splenomegaly transient rash may relapse over many years |
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how do you diagnose trench fever
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specific serologies (no weils reaction)
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Which of the rickettsial dz don't have a Weils Felix reaction?
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Trench Fever
Q Fever rickettsialpox |
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Which rickettsial dz can have relapeses?
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epidemic louse borne typhus
trench fever |
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which rickettsial dz causes a rash that starts on the distal extremities
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RMSF
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which rickettsial dz can cause a rash that includes the palms and soles
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scrub typhus
RMSF?? |
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which rickettisal dz causes a rash to start centrally on the chest then spreads outwards?
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epidemic louse born typhus
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are rickettsial dz intracellular or extracellular?
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INTRAcellular
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