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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Streptococcal Pharygitis (Strep Throat)
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Microbe: gram+, strep
Transmission: airborne respiratory droplets, saliva, nasal secretions Mechanism: M protein and hyaluronic acid capsule, attach to pharyngeal or dermal epithelial cells Consequences: Sudden fever, sore throat w/white patches, difficulty swallowing Treatment: Pencillin or amoxicillin |
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Scarlet Fever
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Microbe: gram+ strep
Transmission: Contact with saliva or nasal secretions, airborne respiratory droplets Mechanism: Erythrogenic (reddening) toxin, M protein Consequence: sore throat, fever, rough sandpaper-like rash Treatment: Penicillin, antihistamines to relieve itching |
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Diptheria
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Microbe: Corynebacteria,
Transmission: Respiratory tract (coughing, sneezine, etc.) Mechanism: Bacteriophage integrates toxin encoding DNA. A-B exotoxin Consequence: Fuzzy gray/black thick coating in nose, throat, or airways. Difficulty swallowing, breathing, double vision, slurred speech. Treatment: Anti-toxin shot, pencillin, prevent with DPT vaccine |
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Pneumococcal pneumonia
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Microbe: Strep pneumoniae
Transmission: direct contact or inhalation of droplets Mechanism: Dense capsule, has ~90 serotypes Consequence: fluid-filled alveoli (interferes with oxygen uptake) Treatment: Fluoroquinolone, antisera, or chemotherapy. Prevented by conjugated vaccine |
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Mycoplasmal pneumonia
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Microbe: lack cell wall, colonies have fried-egg apperance
Transmission: direct contact/inhalation of droplets Mechanism: Lack of cell wall protects it from antibiotics targeting the cell wall Consequence: persistent respiratory symptoms, low fever, headache, and cough Treatment: Tetracycline (quickly eliminates symptoms but not bacteria) |
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Legionellosis
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Microbe: gram -, aerobic
Transmission: Natural waters, a/c cooling towers Mechanism: replicates in macrophages, biofilms Consequences: High fever, and pneumonia, potentially fatal |
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Histoplasmosis
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Microbe: (fungus)
Transmission: Not contagious, inhalation of spores, bird/bat droppings Mechanism: lives/divides in macrophages Consequence: Lung infection causing lesions Treatment: Amphotericin B, itraconazole (antifungal) |
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Common Cold
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Microbe: commonly rhinovirus (50%)
Transmission: Direct contact with nasal/saliva secretions Mechanism: hard to target with vaccine Consequence: sneezing, runny nose, congestion, laryngitis and otitis media Treatment: cough suppresents, antihistamines. |
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Influenza (Flu)
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Transmission: Coming in contact with someone infected, saliva secretions, etc.
Mechanism: Antigenic variation, (HA), (NA) spikes Consequence: chills, fever, headache, muscular aches Treatment: Relenza, Tamiflu (can slow replication of virus if taken withing 30 hours of onset). Prevent with flu vaccine |
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Whooping Cough
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Microbe: Bordetella pertussis, gram-
Transmission: respiratory secretions Mechanism: Capsule, tracheal cytotoxin (damages ciliated cells), pertussis toxin (inhibits innate immune system) Consequence: 1- Catarrhal stage (like common cold), 2- Paroxysmal stage (violent coughing due to damaged ciliary escalator, mucus can block airway, broken ribs and brain damage due to severity of coughing) 3- Convalescence stage (recovery) Treatment: Prevent with DTaP vaccine |
