Microbes Chapter One

Front 1

Microbes

Back 1

Throughout GI tract, skin and mucous membranes. Help with digestion and produce half the oxygen we breathe.

Front 2

Eukaryotic

Back 2

Good/True nucleus. Have water and oily membrane. Nucleus holds its DNA/chromosomes.

Front 3

Prokaryotic

Back 3

Bacteria and archaens. Much smaller and have no membrane bound organelles (no nucleus).

Front 4

Eukaryotic

Back 4

Fungi

Algae

Helminthes: worms

Front 5

Prokaryotic

Back 5

Archaens

Bacteria

Front 6

Viruses

Back 6

Not Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic. Are chemicals that are not alive and have no cells. Few life processes (no metabolism/growth, only reproduction).

Front 7

Environment impact of Microbes

Back 7

Blue-green bacteria and algae create oxygen through photosynthesis.

Recyclers-Fertilize soil.

Front 8

Health impact of Microbes

Back 8

Helpful: Digestion, normal flora

Damaging: Infectious diseases (personal/societal)

Front 9

Economic impact of Microbes

Back 9

Medical and economic research: Antibiotics, fermentation, genetic engineering.

Front 10

Archeans

Back 10

First form of life, 3.8 billion years ago.

Thrive in harsh environments.

Front 11

Prokaryote

Back 11

Pre-Nucleus, evolved first.

Front 12

Bacteria

Back 12

Prokaryotic, peptidoglycan cell walls, binary fission. Use organ chemicals for energy and inorganic chemicals for photosynthesis.

Front 13

Archeae

Back 13

Prokaryotes, lack peptidoglycan.

Methanogens, extreme halophiles and thermophiles.

Front 14

Three domains of life

Back 14

Bacteria, Archeae, Eukarya

Front 15

Fungi

Back 15

Eukaryotes, chitin cell walls, use organic chemicals for energy.

Molds and mushrooms are multicellular.

Yeast is unicellular.

Front 16

Protozoa

Back 16

Eukaryote, absorb/ingest organic chemicals, may be motile via pseudopods, cilia, or flagella.

Front 17

Algae

Back 17

Eukaryotes, cellulose cell walls, use photosynthesis for energy.

Produce molecular oxygen and organ compounds.

Front 18

Viruses

Back 18

Acellular, has DNA or RNA core, core surrounded by protein coat.

Front 19

Helminthes

Back 19

Multicellular animal parasite

Eukaryote

Front 20

Biotechnology

Back 20

Production of food, drugs, and vaccines using living organisms.

Front 21

Genetic engineering

Back 21

Manipulating the genes of organisms to make new products.

Front 22

Bioremediation

Back 22

Using living organisms to remedy and environmental problem.

Front 23

Pathogens

Back 23

Microbes that do harm.

Front 24

Robert Hooke

Back 24

First observer of cells.

Front 25

Rudolf Virchow

Back 25

All cells have parent cells.

Cell theory: All living things are composed of cells and come form preexisting cells.

Front 26

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

Back 26

Created the first simple microscope (made 250)

Observed teeth scrapings, rain water.

First to see live microbes.

Front 27

Spontaneous generation

Back 27

Living organisms arise from nonliving matter.

A "vital force" forms life.

Front 28

Biogenesis

Back 28

Living organisms arise from preexisting life.

Front 29

Francisco Redi

Back 29

6 jars with decaying meat.

Disproved spontaneous generation with maggots.

Front 30

Louis Pasteur

Back 30

Demonstrated that microorganisms are present in the air. Used nutrient broth in a flask.

"S" shaped flask kept microbes out and his broth is sterile till this day.

Front 31

Louis Pasteur

Back 31

Fermentation and pasteurization.

Front 32

Joseph Lister

Back 32

First to use a chemical disinfectant in a surgical procedure.

Front 33

Robery Koch

Back 33

Proved that a bacterium causes anthrax and created experimental steps (postulates), that prove a specify microbe causes a specific disease.

Front 34

Edward Jenner

Back 34

Immunized a person with cowpox virus and protected them from smallpox. (1st vaccine)

Front 35

Paul Ehrlich

Back 35

Developed a synthetic arsenic druge, salvarsan, to treat syphilis.

1st chemotherapeutic-Syhpillis

Front 36

Alexander Fleming

Back 36

Discovered first antibiotic, penicillin.

Front 37

Rebecca Lancefield

Back 37

Proposed the use of immunology to identify some bacteria according to type.

Types of bacteria, especially Strep.

Creating classified types based on Antibody response.

Front 38

Elie Metchnikoff

Back 38

Discovered white blood cells fighting infection-first in starfish.

Discovered phagocytosis.

Front 39

Selman Waksman

Back 39

Streptomycin: first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis.

Discovery of streptomycin.

Front 40

Nathans, Smith, Arber

Back 40

Cut and snip DNA with "sticky ends" for genetic engineering.

Front 41

Scientific Method

Back 41

Approach taken by scientist to explain a certain natural phenomenon.

Front 42

Hypothesis

Back 42

Tentative explanation that can be supported or refuted.

Front 43

Linnaeus

Back 43

Established the system of scientific nomenclature.

Front 44

Levels of Classification

Back 44

Domain

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species