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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bacterial shapes
4 names and description |
Cocci (spherical) e.g. Staphylococcus aureus
Bacillus (rod) e.g. Escherichia coli Vibrio (curved) e.g. Vibrio cholerae Spirilli (spiral) e.g. Helicobacter pylori |
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Bacterial reproduction terms
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Binary fission
Every few hours Divide in two (indentical copies) |
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Bacterial diseases
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Cholera
food poisoning (salmonella) |
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Viral diseases
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Chicken pox
Small pox Influenza |
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Fungal diseases
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Athletes foot
Ringworm |
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Flagellum
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Whip like tail that help bacteria move
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Bacterial DNA
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Not in a nucleus
In a loop, not a chromosome |
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Yeast reproduction terms
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Budding
Binary fission Identical copies |
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Reproduction in viruses
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Virus cannot reporduce alone
Must be inside a 'host' cell Take over cell, cell make viruses instead of normal function |
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Ways of entering body
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Mouth (food)
Nose (breathing) Through cuts in skin Sexual intercourse |
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What Louis Pasteur did
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Showed that decay was caused by microbes.
Suggested germ theory (bacteria caused disease) |
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What Joseph Lister did
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Showed that antiseptics made hospitals safer (medical instuments were sterilised before operations)
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What Alexander Fleming did
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Discovered penicillin. This is an antibiotic that kills bacteria. It can be used to kill bacteria in people.
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How bacterial resistance happens
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Mutation produces resistance to antibiotic x
Selection - someone uses antibiotic x Survival - these mutant bacteria survive Spreading - these bacteria have freedom to grow and spread. |
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Uses of bacteria in food and drink
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Yeast in bread and beer
Bacteria in yoghurt, vinegar and cheese fungi - mushrooms and quorn |
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Use of bacteria in genetic engineering
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transgenic bacteria have DNA from other species
For example making human insulin A tool for making GM crops A tool for making human growth hormone |
