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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Normal Flora
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microorganisms that live in association with humans; not bad
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Pathogen
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microorganisms that cause disease or infection and is multiplying
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True Pathogen
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microorganism that causes infection or disease in a healthy individual
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True Pathogen
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Hepatitis, TB, or Influenza are a type of _
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Infection
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when a microbe has penetrated the host defenses, invaded sterile tissues, and multiplied
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Infectious Disease
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an infection that causes damage or disruption to tissue and organs
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Disease
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any deviation from health
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Initial Colonization
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event that first exposes the infant to microbes; breaking of the fetal membranses
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Sterile Cites
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intestinal organs and all body fluids
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Colonized Cites
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GI tract, skin, naso-pharyngeal, tip of urethra
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Skin Maintenance
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sloth or wash off
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Nasopharyngeal Maintenance
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saliva, sneezing coughing, or swallowing
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Vagina Maintenance
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sloth off
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GI Maintenance
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defecation
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Mucous Membrane Maintenance
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sloth off
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Urethra Maintenance
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urinating
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Opportunistic Pathogens
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cause disease when the host's defenses are compromised
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Opportunistic Pathogens
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Pseudomonas and Candida albicans
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Virulence
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Pathogenicity
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Virulence
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the degree of pathogenicity
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Virulence
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ability to establish itself in the host and cause damage
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Virulence Factors
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adherence, exoenzymes, toxins
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Adherence Factors
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fimbria, capsule, slime layer, flagella, cilia, barbs, teeth, and receptors
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Exoenzymes
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enzymes used for tissue envasion
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Toxins
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chemicals (poisons) produced by microorganisms
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Exotoxins
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produced for use outside of cells
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Exotoxins
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lockjaw or tetanus
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Endotoxins
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released when the microorganism dies
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Endotoxins
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lipopolysacharides can cause fever, fatigue, and/or septic shock
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Portal of Entry (POE)
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microbe enters the tissue of the body by a characteristic route
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POE
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cutaneous or membranous boundary
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Exogenous
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originating from a source outside the body
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Endogenous
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existing on or in the body
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Infectious Dose
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the number of microorganisms need to cause infection
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Infectious Dose
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varies from organism to organism
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Infectious Dose
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the smaller the greater the virulence
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Phagocytes
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white blood cells
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Incubation Period
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time from initial contact with the infectious agent to the appearance of the first symptoms
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Incubation Period
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the agent is multiplying at the POE, but no damage to elicit symptoms
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Incubation Period
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hepatitis A starts in gut and travels to the liver (target site)
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Incubation Period
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range from hours to years
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Prodromal Period
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everything is just starting
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Prodromal Period
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not completely sick; symptoms are vague
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Prodromal Period
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range from 1 to 2 days
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Prodromal Period
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nonspecific symptoms
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Invasion Period
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most severe symptoms
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Invasion Period
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period where organism is fully established and multiplying steadily
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Clinical Stages of Infection
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Incubation, Prodromal, Invasion, Convalescent
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Invasion Period
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fever and other prominent, more specific signs and symptoms
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Invasion Period
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length extremely variable
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Convalescent Period
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period of recovery
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Convalescent Period
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patient's strength and health gradually return
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Accute Infection
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onset and clears up quickly
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Chronic Infection
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doesn't completely go away for a long time
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Subclinical Infection
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the timeline never raises, goes along the bottom of the graph, no symptoms
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Subclinical Infection
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can still spread disease
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Portals of Exit
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sneezing, coughing, urine, feces, blood
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Signs
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objective evidence of disease or infection
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Symptoms
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subjective evidence of disease or infection
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Symptoms
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patient's view point of their feelings
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Signs
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clinicals, labs, temperature, BP
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Reservoirs
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primary habitat
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Reservoirs
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soil, water, humans, animals
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Direct Transmission
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from source to individual
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Direct Transmission
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intimate or close contact
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Direct Transmission
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vertical - mother to baby in utero
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Direct Transmission
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biological vector - organism grown in the body of the vector
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Direct Transmission
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malaria actively growing in mosquito, from mosquito to individual
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Direct Transmission
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std, mono, childhood diseases
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Indirect Transmission
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Aerosols, Fomites, mechanical vectors
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Indirect Transmission
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Aerosols: through the air; someone hacking and coughing into the air and one goes through the "cloud of yucky"
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Indirect Transmission
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Fomites: inanimate objects
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Indirect Transmission
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mechanical vectors: transfer microorganisms from one place to another (Ex. fly)
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Nosocomial Infections
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infectious diseases that are acquired or develop during a hospital stay
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Innate
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born with; have automatically
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Acquired
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have to develop; not born with
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Epidemiology
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study of the frequencey and distribution of disease and other health-related factors in defined human populations
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