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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek |
improved microscopes a lot contributed greatly to microbiology |
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Germ Theory |
Louis Pasteur Says, microorganisms that can't be seen without a microscope cause disease. Germs are: bacteria, protist, virus, etc... |
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Koch's Postulates |
1. Microorganisms can be found in an animal suffering disease but not in a healthy one.
2. These microorganisms can be isolated and grown in culture. 3. The cultured microorganisms will produce disease when introduced to a new organism. 4. The microorganisms can be re-isolated and shown to be the same as the originals. |
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Pathogen - Definition |
An infectious agent that causes disease |
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Pathogen - Types |
Bacteria - Cellular Protists - Cellular Fungi - Cellular Viruses - non-cellular Prions - non-cellular Parasites - multi-cellular |
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Epidemiology |
the study of disease in populations |
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Infection |
invasion of one organism by another |
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Disease |
imparment in the function of part or all of the body |
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Infectivity |
the measure of the ability of a pathogen to establish itself in a host |
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Virulence |
the measure of the severity of the disease |
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Pathogenicity |
the ability of a disease with a known virulence to produce disease in a variety of conditions |
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Incubation period |
the time from infection to the host showing symptons |
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Endemic |
a disease occuring in a population with predictable frequency |
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Epidemic |
a disease outbreak in a population or region higher than normal frequency |
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Pandemic |
a disease outbreak nationally or internationally |
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Binary Fission - Def |
mehtod of asexual reproduction and cell division used by all prokaryotes and some eukaryotic cells |
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Binary Fission - Steps |
1. DNA replicates inside cell 2. Replicated DNA separates to either ends of the cell 3. Cell lengthens 4. Cell divides` |
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Aerobic |
requires oxygen to survive |
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Facilitative anaerobe |
doesn't need/use oxygen but can survive it |
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Obligate anaerobe |
doesn't use/need oxygen and cannot survive in it |
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Gram Positive Bacteria |
Thick peptiglycan wall |
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Gram Negative Bacteria |
Thin peptiglycan wall adn two membranes |
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Endospores |
A dormant tough non-reproductive structure that protects baterium against a wide range of environments |
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Plasmid |
Small, circular piece of DNA seperate from the cell's neucloid. Gives extra DNA and genetic advantages |
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Conjugation |
Mehtod of DNA transfer between two bacteria, either by contact of by forming a bridge |
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Virus replication steps |
1. Attachment - virus attaches to host cell 2. Penetration - injects genetic material 3. Uncoating - capsid/envelope removed to expose genome 4. Replication - virus genome replicated using infected cell 5. Assembly - all components of the new virus are assembled in the cell 6. Release - the new viruses leave the cell and infect new ones, leave the infected one to die |
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2 types of fungi |
Moulds Yeast |
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Fungi - characteristics |
lack mobile cells cell walls of polysaccharide chitin don't photosynthesis they are saprophytic - live on dead cells of organisms |
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Moulds |
reproduce sexually through pores have branches call hyphae multi-cellular |
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Yeasts |
reproduce a sexually through mitosis uni-cellular |
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Cutaneous |
effects dermis and epidermis, transmitted through contact with spores |
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Subcataneous |
effects area below dermis, requires inplantation of spores |
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Prions |
infectious proteins transmitted through injection or ingestion of contaminated material binds to normal proteins and converts them into prions |
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Protists types |
Flagellates - tail Sporozoans - cilia Sarcodians - pseudopodia |
