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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Microbe |
a unicellular microorganism that is capable of independent life. |
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Archaea |
lived in conditions when the earth was young, such as hotsprings, mud and live without oxygen. |
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Obligate aerobes |
require oxygen for respiration |
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Obligate anaerobes |
conduct respiration in the absence of oxygen |
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Facultative Anaerobes |
prefer environments with oxygen but can survive without oxygen |
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Fermentation |
a chemical change to make alcohol |
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Binary Fission |
a form of asexual reproduction in which one cell split into two |
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Conjugation |
a form of sexual reproduction in which genetic material is exchanged between two cells |
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Plasmids |
small rings of genetic material |
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Endospores |
contain genetic material encapsulated in a thick resistant cell wall. They form when environmental conditions are unfavorable. |
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Pathogen |
disease causing agents |
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Antibiotics |
chemicals produced synthetically or by microorganisms to destroy other microorganisms |
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Heterotrophs |
organisms who are not capable of making their own food. They eat autotrophs or heterotrophs |
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Autotroph |
are capable of making their own food through photosynthesis |
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Parasite |
Needs to feed off of a host |
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Soprophyte |
eats dead things |
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Endoplasm |
a fluid part of the cytoplasm that fills the inside of the cell |
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Ectoplasm |
a thin layer of the cytoplasm under the plasma membrane |
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Cilia |
hairlike structures used by microorganisms for movement or to attach to a substrate |
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Spore |
a reproductive cell that can produce a new organisms without fertilization |
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Moneran Vs. Viruses |
Moneran ( bacteria): "illa" "occi" "illus" Virus: cold, HIV, polio, rabies, smallpox |
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Disease symptoms are caused by: |
1. they reproduce in great numbers 2. they attack and destroy cells/ tissues. 3. they produce toxins |
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How are infectious diseases spread? |
droplets in the air, dust, direct contact, oral-fecal contamination , animal bites/ wounds. |
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what does protection against these organisms include? |
antibiotics, antiseptics, exterminating animals that carry the disease, disinfection/ sterilization, body's defense mechanism, immunization. |
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what is the difference between antiseptics and disinfectants? |
Antiseptics: applied to the living tissue disinfectants: applied to inanimate objects/ surfaces |
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What are the stages of sewage treatment? |
Primary: the removal of coarse solid materials such as plastics, fabrics, metals. Secondary: sludge is produced from heavier matierials settling out Advanced sewage: uses chemical and physical processes to remove pollutants from water. ozone, hydrogen peroxide, chlorination and Uv light are also used. |
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What three shapes do bacteria display? |
spherical ( cocci , singular: coccus), rod-shaped ( bacilli, singular: bacillus) or spiral ( spirilla, singular: spirillum) |
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What three characteristics are used to classify prokaryotes? |
by shape, how they move, and how they get energy |
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What color does gram negative and gram positive change to be? |
Gram negative: Pink Gram Positive: Purple |
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Innoculating loop |
a tool used to take an inoculum from a culture of microorganisms |
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What is a moneran and where are they found? |
The oldest and most abundant living organisms. found in boiling mud, hotsprings, coal-mines, polar ice caps, hot water vents. |
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What is a colony of bacteria? |
Group or clusters of individual cells. They are NOT multicellular organisms. |
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What are the two different groups of monerans? |
Archaebacteria and eubacteria.
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What does the two different groups of monerans do? |
archae: live without oxygen, conditions when the earth was young, high salt concentration, high temp, high acidity eubacteria: largest group of monerans, recognized as bacteria. |
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How do monerans reproduce? |
Binary fission: asexual reproduction of splitting in two. |
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What happens to endospores when suitable growing conditions return? |
the wall breaks down and an active bacterium emerges . |
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What are the characteristics of bacterial cells? |
1. prokaryotic, single celled 2. cytoplasm has no membrane bound organelles 3. single chromosome 4. reproduce by binary fission 5. show great metabolic diversity. |
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List some examples of how bacteria can be harmful and beneficial: |
Beneficial: decomposes natures raw materials, produces cheese, produces antibiotics, produces a source of vitamins Harmful: Strep throat/ scarlet fever, spoils food, spoils gasoline, souring of milk |
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How does antibiotic resistance occur? |
Through a mutation in the bacteria population |
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